Wiktionary

ten

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ten"

Translingual

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English ten.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ten

  1. (international standards) NATO, ICAO, ITU & IMO radiotelephony code for 10, used only with o'clock to indicate direction

English

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English numbers (edit)
100
 ←  1  ←  9 10 11  →  20  → 
1
    Cardinal: ten
    Ordinal: tenth
    Latinate ordinal: denary
    Adverbial: ten times
    Multiplier: tenfold
    Latinate multiplier: decuple
    Group collective: tensome
    Multipart collective: decuplet
    Greek or Latinate collective: decad, decade
    Metric collective prefix: deca-
    Greek collective prefix: deca-
    Latinate collective prefix: deca-
    Fractional: tenth
    Metric fractional prefix: deci-
    Elemental: decuplet
    Greek prefix: decato-
    Number of musicians: decet
    Number of years: decade, decennium
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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Ten circles

From Middle English ten, tene, from Old English tīen, from Proto-West Germanic *tehun, from Proto-Germanic *tehun, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥. Cognate with Scots ten, tene (“ten”), West Frisian tsien (“ten”), Saterland Frisian tjoon (“ten”), North Frisian tiin (“ten”). See also teen.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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ten

  1. The number occurring after nine and before eleven, represented in Arabic numerals (base ten) as 10 and in Roman numerals as X.
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Translations

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See ten/translations § Numeral.

Noun

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ten (countable and uncountable, plural tens)

  1. A set or group with ten elements.
    We divided the chocolates into tens to hand out to Hallowe'en visitors.
  2. (in the plural) An inexact quantity, typically understood to be between 20 and 100.
    Our houses are tens of meters apart, so we don't have to worry about noise from our neighbours.
    tens of thousands of voters
  3. (countable, card games) A card in a given suit with a value of ten.
  4. (countable) A denomination of currency, such as a banknote, with a value of ten units.
    Synonym: tenner
    Can you give me two tens for this twenty?
  5. (countable, US, slang) A perfect specimen, (particularly) a physically attractive person.
    Synonym: dime piece
    • 2006 May 9, Penn Jillette, Michael Goudeau, quoting Chris, 22:22 from the start, in Penn Radio‎[2]:
      I was in the Woodley Park–Zoo in D.C. and mom and sister were waiting to see the pandas, so me and my pops broke away to check out the monkey house. Well, there was a beautiful teacher, I mean we're talking a ten, she was blond, had a low-cut dress on, just gorgeous. And she has about eight or nine students and she's pointing out all the different monkeys. And me and my dad noticed this huge orangutan kind of fiddling with himself. And on close [censored] And we kept checking it out and he was looking directly at the teacher. Well, a couple minutes passed by [censored] he proceeds to [censored] that's when the teacher noticed and, you know, took the kids away very hurriedly. But I looked at my dad and said, you know, they're so much like us.
    • 2023 September 11, Danielle Cohen, “Why Am I Attracted to My Coworker? Meet ‘The Office Ten’”, in New York Magazine‎[3]:
      An Office Ten is a person who falls somewhere between average to mildly good-looking in the world at large but skyrockets to wildly attractive within the confines of an open-concept desk plan.
  6. (countable, US, slang) A high level of intensity. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
  7. (countable, rowing) The act of rowing ten strokes flat out.
    • 1911, The Cambridge Review, volume 32, page 486:
      At the 1,000-metres post we gave a ten, which raised our lead to 1⅔ lengths; the Belgians were rowing hard, but one felt that they still had plenty of spurting power.
    • 1982, Stanley French, Aspects of Downing history, page 105:
      Morris gave a ten, and an unbelievable surge ran through the boat, one that I had never felt before.

Coordinate terms

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Derived terms

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Terms derived from the numeral or noun ten
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Translations

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See also

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Playing cards in English · playing cards (layout · text)
             
ace deuce, two three four five six seven
             
eight nine ten jack, knave queen king joker

Anagrams

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Atong (India)

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Etymology

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From English ten.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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ten (Bengali script তেন)

  1. ten

Synonyms

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References

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Bislama

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Bislama cardinal numbers
 <  9 10 11  > 
    Cardinal : ten

Etymology

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From English ten.

Numeral

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ten

  1. ten

Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ten

  1. second-person singular imperative of tenir
  2. second-person singular imperative of tindre

Usage notes

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Generally, the imperative form ten is a contextual form of té used when clitic pronouns (e.g., te) are attached to the end of the verb.

Cornish

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Noun

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ten

  1. Hard mutation of den.
  2. Mixed mutation of den.

Czech

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Czech ten, from Proto-Slavic *tъ.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ten

  1. the; this; that

Declension

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Declension of ten (irregular)
singular
masculine animate masculine inanimate feminine neuter
nominative ten ta to
genitive toho té toho
dative tomu té tomu
accusative toho ten tu to
locative tom té tom
instrumental tím tou tím
plural
masculine animate masculine inanimate feminine neuter
nominative ti ty ta
genitive těch
dative těm
accusative ty ta
locative těch
instrumental těmi

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • ten in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • ten in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • ten in Internetová jazyková příručka

Danish

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Etymology

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From Old Norse teinn (“stick”).

Noun

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ten

  1. a spindle; a rod or stick used together with a distaff to spin yarn
  2. in a spinning wheel or similar machine: the reel on which the finished yarn is spooled

Declension

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Declension of ten
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ten tenen tene tenene
genitive tens tenens tenes tenenes

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Dutch

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Etymology

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A contraction of te + den.

Pronunciation

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Contraction

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ten

  1. to the, at the (followed by a masculine or neuter word)
    ten goede of ten kwade ― for better or for worse
    ten dele ― partly
    ten tijde van ― during the time of

Usage notes

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ten is part of many fossilized idiomatic expressions. Being derived in part from te, it is followed by the (similarly fossilized) dative case.
ten is commonly used in Dutch family names such as Corrie ten Boom, Bernhard ten Brink, Marti ten Kate, and Simeon ten Holt.

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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Galician

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Alternative forms

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  • tem (Reintegrationist)

Pronunciation

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Verb

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ten

  1. has; third-person singular present indicative of ter
    A cervexa ten en Galicia unha longa historia.
    Beer has a long history in Galicia.
  2. inflection of ter:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

References

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  • “ten” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.

Japanese

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Romanization

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  • Romanization of 天

ten

  1. Rōmaji transcription of てん
  2. Rōmaji transcription of テン

Kabuverdianu

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Etymology

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From Portuguese ter.

Verb

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ten

  1. to have
  2. to possess

Karaim

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Etymology

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From Ultimately from Middle Chinese 等 (MC tojX|tongX, “to equate”).

Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (teŋ, “equal, equivalent, appropriate”); Crimean Tatar teñ, Karachay-Balkar тенг (teñ), Kumyk тенг (teñ), Urum тэнг (teŋ), Kazakh тең (teñ, “equal”), Southern Altai теҥ (teŋ, “equal”) Uzbek teng (“equal”), Turkish denk (“equal, equivalent”), Shor тең, Yakut тэҥ (teñ, “equal”).

Adjective

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ten

  1. equal

References

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  • N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “ten”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Kashubian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъ.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈtɛn/
  • Rhymes: -ɛn
  • Syllabification: ten

Pronoun

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ten

  1. this (nearby)

Further reading

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  • Stefan Ramułt (1893) “ten”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego‎[4] (in Kashubian), page 213
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “ten”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[5]
  • “ten”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Lithuanian

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Adverb

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ten

  1. there

Lower Sorbian

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Pronunciation

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Determiner

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ten (feminine ta, neuter to, dual tej, plural te)

  1. this

Declension

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Declension of ten
Masculine singular Feminine singular Neuter singular Dual Plural
Nominative ten ta to tej te
Genitive togo teje togo teju tych
Dative tomu tej tomu tyma tym
Accusative ten
togo (animate) 		tu to tej
teju (animate) 		te
tych (optional animate form)
Instrumental tym teju tym tyma tymi
Locative tom tej tom tyma tych

Middle Dutch

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Contraction

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ten

  1. Contraction of te den.

Middle English

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Middle English numbers (edit)
100
[a], [b] ←  1  ←  9 10 11  →  20  → 
1[a], [b]
    Cardinal: ten
    Ordinal: tenthe, tithe

Etymology 1

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From Old English tīen.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Numeral

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ten

  1. ten
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Descendants
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  • English: ten
  • Scots: ten
  • Yola: dhen
References
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Etymology 2

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From Old English tēon, from Proto-West Germanic *teuhan (“to pull, lead”), from Proto-Germanic *teuhaną (“to draw, lead, bring, pull, help”), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to pull, lead”).

Alternative forms

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Verb

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ten (third-person singular simple present teth, present participle teende, teynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative tegh, past participle towen)

  1. (transitive) To draw; lead.
  2. (intransitive) To draw away; go; proceed.
Conjugation
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Conjugation of ten (strong class 2)
infinitive (to) ten, te
present tense past tense
1st-person singular te tegh
2nd-person singular test towe, tegh
3rd-person singular teth tegh
subjunctive singular te towe1
imperative singular —
plural2 ten, te towen, towe
imperative plural teth, te —
participles teynge, tende towen, towe

1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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From Old Norse tennr, nominative indefinite plural of tǫnn (“tooth”).

Noun

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ten

  1. plural of tothe

Northern Kurdish

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Etymology

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From Arabic طَعْن (ṭaʕn, “piercing, attack, criticism”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ten m or f

  1. scolding, reproach, censure, blame, criticism, mockery, ridicule
  2. threat

References

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  • Chyet, Michael L. (2003) “ten”, in Kurdish–English Dictionary‎[6], with selected etymologies by Martin Schwartz, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, page 604

Old Czech

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъ.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ten

  1. this (nearby)

Declension

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Declension of ten (irregular)
singular
masculine feminine neuter
nominative ten ta to
genitive toho té toho
dative tomu tej, téj tomu
accusative toho, ten tu to
locative tom tej, téj tom
instrumental tiem tú tiem
dual
masculine feminine neuter
nominative ta tě
genitive tú
dative těma
accusative ta tě
locative tú
instrumental těma
plural
masculine feminine neuter
nominative ti ty ta
genitive těch
dative těm
accusative ty ta
locative těch
instrumental těmi

Derived terms

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Descendants

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See also

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References

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Old English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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See tien

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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tēn

  1. (Mercian) ten

References

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  1. A. L. Mayhew, M. A. Synopsis of Old English Phonology, 123

Old Polish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъ. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /tɛːn/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ten/

Pronoun

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ten

  1. this (nearby)

Declension

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This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

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References

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Pipil

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Etymology

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From Proto-Nahuan *teːn-, from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *tïni. Compare Classical Nahuatl tēntli (“lips”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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-tēn (plural -tejtēn)

  1. mouth
    Muchi tikishtukak tik muten kwak tishulutzin katka
    You used to put everything in your mouth when you were a little baby
  2. edge, brim
    Shiktema ishta ma ne at ajsi ne iten ne tzutzukul
    Fill it up until the water reaches the edge of the jug
  3. opening
    Inat ka ini tepet kishtia pukti tik iten
    They say this volcano expels smoke form its “opening” (its crater)

Derived terms

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Noun

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-tēn

  1. on the edge, outside
    Tejchishket ka iten ne shaput
    They waited outside the cave
Declension of -ten
Person Number
singular plural
first nuten tuten
second muten anmuten
third iten inten

Polish

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Polish ten. Cognate with Russian тот (tot), Lithuanian tas, Ancient Greek ὁ (ho, “the”), German der (“the”), English the.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ten

  1. this (nearby)

Usage notes

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1The feminine accusative singular form tą is proscribed, but overall much more common.

Declension

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Declension of ten
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine virile nonvirile
nominative ten to ta ci te
genitive tego tej tych
dative temu tym
accusative animate tego to tę/tą1 tych te
inanimate ten
instrumental tym tą tymi
locative tym tej tych
vocative ten to ta ci te

Derived terms

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pronouns
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Particle

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ten

  1. filler word
    A no, ten... ― Ah, yeah...

Trivia

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According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), ten is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1196 times in scientific texts, 782 times in news, 1457 times in essays, 1080 times in fiction, and 1228 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 5743 times, making it the 10th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

References

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  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “ten”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 600

Further reading

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Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French teint.

Noun

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ten n (plural tenuri)

  1. color of the face

Declension

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Declension of ten
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) ten tenul (niște) tenuri tenurile
genitive/dative (unui) ten tenului (unor) tenuri tenurilor
vocative tenule tenurilor

Scots

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Scots numbers (edit)
 ←  1  ←  9 10 11  → 
1
    Cardinal: ten
    Ordinal: tent

Etymology

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Inherited from Middle English ten, tene, from Old English tīen, from Proto-West Germanic *tehun, from Proto-Germanic *tehun, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥.

Numeral

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ten

  1. ten

References

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Slovak

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъ, from Proto-Indo-European *só.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ten m

  1. the; this; that
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Further reading

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  • “ten”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ten

  1. second-person singular imperative of tener

Sranan Tongo

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Etymology

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From English time.

Noun

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ten

  1. time
    • 1975, Mighty Botai (lyrics and music), “Sranang Kong Fri”, in Onafhankelijkheid (Srefidensi) Suriname:
      Atleba ten no sa de moro ini Sranan / Den bakra, den ben hori wi na baka / Den de bow den kondre kon na fesi / Meki wi e pina
      The period of toiling will be no more in Suriname / The Dutch, they held us back / They built up their country successfully / Made us suffer

Sumerian

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Romanization

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ten

  1. Romanization of 𒋼 (ten)

Swedish

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Etymology

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From Old Swedish ten, from Old Norse teinn (“sprout, twig, branch”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ten c

  1. a thin metal rod
  2. (spinning) the shaft of a spindle (in any material)

Declension

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Declension of ten 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ten tenen tenar tenarna
Genitive tens tenens tenars tenarnas

See also

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References

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Tiang

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Noun

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ten

  1. woman

Further reading

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  • Malcolm Ross, Proto Oceanic and the Austronesian Languages of Western Melanesia, Pacific Linguistics, series C-98 (1988)

Tok Pisin

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Tok Pisin numbers (edit)
100
 ←  1  ←  9 10 11  →  20  → 
1
    Cardinal: ten

Etymology

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From English ten.

Numeral

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ten

  1. ten

Usage notes

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Used when counting; see also tenpela.

Coordinate terms

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Tok Pisin cardinal numbers from 1 to 99
—0 —1 —2 —3 —4 —5 —6 —7 —8 —9
0— — wan tu tri foa faiv sikis seven et nain
1— ten eleven twelv tetin fotin fiftin sikistin seventin etin naintin
2— twenti tupela ten wan tupela ten tu tupela ten tri tupela ten foa tupela ten faiv tupela ten sikis tupela ten seven tupela ten et tupela ten nain
3— teti tripela ten wan tripela ten tu tripela ten tri tripela ten foa tripela ten faiv tripela ten sikis tripela ten seven tripela ten et tripela ten nain
4— foti fopela ten wan fopela ten tu fopela ten tri fopela ten foa fopela ten faiv fopela ten sikis fopela ten seven fopela ten et fopela ten nain
5— fifti faivpela ten wan faivpela ten tu faivpela ten tri faivpela ten foa faivpela ten faiv faivpela ten sikis faivpela ten seven faivpela ten et faivpela ten nain
6— sikisti sikispela ten wan sikispela ten tu sikispela ten tri sikispela ten foa sikispela ten faiv sikispela ten sikis sikispela ten seven sikispela ten et sikispela ten nain
7— seventi sevenpela ten wan sevenpela ten tu sevenpela ten tri sevenpela ten foa sevenpela ten faiv sevenpela ten sikis sevenpela ten seven sevenpela ten et sevenpela ten nain
8— eti etpela ten wan etpela ten tu etpela ten tri etpela ten foa etpela ten faiv etpela ten sikis etpela ten seven etpela ten et etpela ten nain
9— nainti nainpela ten wan nainpela ten tu nainpela ten tri nainpela ten foa nainpela ten faiv nainpela ten sikis nainpela ten seven nainpela ten et nainpela ten nain

Turkish

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Etymology

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Inherited from Ottoman Turkish تن (ten), from Persian تن (tan).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ten (definite accusative teni, plural tenler)

  1. skin
  2. body
  3. (dialectal) vulva of a cow

Declension

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Inflection
Nominative ten
Definite accusative teni
Singular Plural
Nominative ten tenler
Definite accusative teni tenleri
Dative tene tenlere
Locative tende tenlerde
Ablative tenden tenlerden
Genitive tenin tenlerin
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular tenim tenlerim
2nd singular tenin tenlerin
3rd singular teni tenleri
1st plural tenimiz tenlerimiz
2nd plural teniniz tenleriniz
3rd plural tenleri tenleri
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular tenimi tenlerimi
2nd singular tenini tenlerini
3rd singular tenini tenlerini
1st plural tenimizi tenlerimizi
2nd plural teninizi tenlerinizi
3rd plural tenlerini tenlerini
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular tenime tenlerime
2nd singular tenine tenlerine
3rd singular tenine tenlerine
1st plural tenimize tenlerimize
2nd plural teninize tenlerinize
3rd plural tenlerine tenlerine
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular tenimde tenlerimde
2nd singular teninde tenlerinde
3rd singular teninde tenlerinde
1st plural tenimizde tenlerimizde
2nd plural teninizde tenlerinizde
3rd plural tenlerinde tenlerinde
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular tenimden tenlerimden
2nd singular teninden tenlerinden
3rd singular teninden tenlerinden
1st plural tenimizden tenlerimizden
2nd plural teninizden tenlerinizden
3rd plural tenlerinden tenlerinden
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular tenimin tenlerimin
2nd singular teninin tenlerinin
3rd singular teninin tenlerinin
1st plural tenimizin tenlerimizin
2nd plural teninizin tenlerinizin
3rd plural tenlerinin tenlerinin

References

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  • “ten”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü [Compilation Dictionary of Popular Speech in Turkey] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1982
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