Wiktionary

user

See also: US'er and useR

English edit

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology edit

From Middle English usere, equivalent to use +‎ -er. Cognate with Scots usar, uiser (“user”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

user (plural users)

  1. One who uses or makes use of something, a consumer/client or an express or implied licensee (free user) or a trespasser.
    • 2013 July 20, “Out of the gloom”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:
      [Rural solar plant] schemes are of little help to industry or other heavy users of electricity. Nor is solar power yet as cheap as the grid. For all that, the rapid arrival of electric light to Indian villages is long overdue. When the national grid suffers its next huge outage, as it did in July 2012 when hundreds of millions were left in the dark, look for specks of light in the villages.
    • 2019, The Highway Code (United Kingdom) Road Users Requiring Extra Care
      The most vulnerable road users are pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and horse riders. It is particularly important to be aware of children, older and disabled people, and learner and inexperienced drivers and riders. https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/road-users-requiring-extra-care-204-to-225
  2. A person who uses drugs, especially illegal drugs.
  3. (computing) A person who uses a computer or a computing network, especially a person who has received a user account.
  4. (derogatory) An exploiter, an abuser (a person who "uses" people, that is treats and regards people unfairly, selfishly or unethically).
  5. (law, dated) In land law, meaning either 1. or 2. above or use. Usually in singular form to mean use wherever there is assiduous re-use of precedents and aloof textbooks verbatim.
    • 2012, R. (Stephen Malpass) v Durham County Council, [2012] EWHC 1934 (Admin) http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2012/1934.html
      As to evidence of user...
      As to quality of user (i.e. was use by the public "as of right"), the inspector found that the grass over the whole of the application land has been regularly cut...
      ...which the inspector did not find sufficient of itself to render user permissive. Moreover, the defendant could not, the inspector advised, rely on communication to users that access to the land was regulated. Deferment to users of the organised pitches...

Usage notes edit

In modern law, the legal sense is widely disfavored in order to guard against ambiguity.

Synonyms edit

  • (one that unfairly takes advantage of or exploits): parasite

Antonyms edit

Hypernyms edit

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Translations edit

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Anagrams edit

Blagar edit

Adjective edit

user

  1. fast

References edit

Czech edit

Verb edit

user

  1. (vulgar) second-person singular imperative of usrat

French edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Old French user, from Early Medieval Latin ūsāre, frequentative from Latin ūtī.

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

user

  1. to wear, wear down, wear off, wear out, grind down, run in
    Trois kilomètres à pied, ça use les souliers.
    Three kilometers on foot wears out the shoes.
  2. to use (used with de)
    Ne m’obligez pas à user de la force.
    Don't make me use force.

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of user (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple user
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple usant
/y.zɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle usé
/y.ze/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present use
/yz/ 		uses
/yz/ 		use
/yz/ 		usons
/y.zɔ̃/ 		usez
/y.ze/ 		usent
/yz/
imperfect usais
/y.zɛ/ 		usais
/y.zɛ/ 		usait
/y.zɛ/ 		usions
/y.zjɔ̃/ 		usiez
/y.zje/ 		usaient
/y.zɛ/
past historic2 usai
/y.ze/ 		usas
/y.za/ 		usa
/y.za/ 		usâmes
/y.zam/ 		usâtes
/y.zat/ 		usèrent
/y.zɛʁ/
future userai
/yz.ʁe/ 		useras
/yz.ʁa/ 		usera
/yz.ʁa/ 		userons
/yz.ʁɔ̃/ 		userez
/yz.ʁe/ 		useront
/yz.ʁɔ̃/
conditional userais
/yz.ʁɛ/ 		userais
/yz.ʁɛ/ 		userait
/yz.ʁɛ/ 		userions
/y.zə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		useriez
/y.zə.ʁje/ 		useraient
/yz.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present use
/yz/ 		uses
/yz/ 		use
/yz/ 		usions
/y.zjɔ̃/ 		usiez
/y.zje/ 		usent
/yz/
imperfect2 usasse
/y.zas/ 		usasses
/y.zas/ 		usât
/y.za/ 		usassions
/y.za.sjɔ̃/ 		usassiez
/y.za.sje/ 		usassent
/y.zas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — use
/yz/ 		— usons
/y.zɔ̃/ 		usez
/y.ze/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

  • → Romanian: uza

References edit

Anagrams edit

Gallo edit

Etymology edit

From Old French user, from Early Medieval Latin ūsāre, frequentative from Latin ūtī.

Verb edit

user

  1. (transitive, cooking) to boil down

Middle English edit

Etymology 1 edit

Noun edit

user

  1. Alternative form of usere

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

user

  1. Alternative form of usure

Old English edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Germanic *unseraz (“of us, our”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥s-ero- (“our”). Cognate with Old Frisian ūse(r) (“our”), Old Saxon ūser (“our”), Old High German unsēr, unsār (“our”), Old Norse órr, várr (“our”), Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐍂 (unsar, “our”). Related to Old English ūs (“us”).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈuː.ser/, [ˈuː.zer]

Pronoun edit

ūser (possessive)

  1. (Northumbrian or poetic) Alternative form of ūre

Usage notes edit

In poetry, only the nominative singular and accusative singular neuter ūser, and the accusative singular masculine ūserne are found. In other cases, forms of ūre or usser are used

Old French edit

Etymology edit

From Early Medieval Latin ūsāre, frequentative from Latin ūtī.

Verb edit

user

  1. to use; to employ; to make use of

Conjugation edit

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ss, *-st are modified to s, st. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of user (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive user avoir usé
gerund en usant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle usant
past participle usé
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses 		present us uses use usons usez usent
imperfect usoie, useie, usoe, useve usoies, useies, usoes, useves usoit, useit, usot, useve usiiens, usiens usiiez, usiez usoient, useient, usoent, usevent
preterite usai usas usa usames usastes userent
future userai useras usera userons useroiz, usereiz, userez useront
conditional useroie, usereie useroies, usereies useroit, usereit useriiens, useriens useriiez, useriez useroient, usereient
compound
tenses 		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses 		present us us ust usons usez usent
imperfect usasse usasses usast usissons, usissiens usissoiz, usissez, usissiez usassent
compound
tenses 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— use — usons usez —

Descendants edit

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