Ancient Greek edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Hellenic *génos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os (genus, clan, family), from *ǵenh₁- (to give birth) (whence γίγνομαι (gígnomai)). Cognate with Latin genus, Sanskrit जनस् (jánas), Old Armenian ծին (cin) and others.

Pronunciation edit

 

Noun edit

γένος (génosn (genitive γένεος or γένους); third declension

  1. race, stock, kin
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.354:
      ἀμφοτέροισιν ὁμὸν γένος ἠδ᾽ ἴα πάτρη
    1. direct descent, as opposed to collateral relationship
      • 4th century BC, Isaeus, Ciron 33:
        γένος γὰρ ἀλλ᾽ οὐχὶ συγγένεια τοῦτ᾽ ἐστίν
  2. offspring, descendant
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.180:
      ἣ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἔην θεῖον γένος οὐδ᾽ ἀνθρώπων
    1. (collective) offspring, posterity
  3. (in general) race of beings
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.23:
      ἡμιθέων γένος ἀνδρῶν
      hēmithéōn génos andrôn
    1. family, clan, house
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.35.1:
        Φρὺξ μὲν γενεῇ, γένεος δὲ τοῦ βασιληΐου
        Phrùx mèn geneêi, géneos dè toû basilēḯou
    2. tribe, nation, race, as a subdivision of ἔθνος (éthnos)
    3. caste
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.164.1:
        ἔστι δὲ Αἰγυπτίων ἑπτὰ γένεα
        ésti dè Aiguptíōn heptà génea
        The Egyptians are divided into seven classes
    4. breed of animals
  4. age, generation, time of life
  5. sex, gender
    1. (grammar) grammatical gender
  6. class, sort, kind
    • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cynegeticus 3.1:
      Τὰ δὲ γένη τῶν κυνῶν διττά
      Tà dè génē tôn kunôn dittá
      The hounds used are of two kinds
    1. (logic) the opposite of εἶδος (eîdos, species)
    2. (taxonomy) class
      1. (taxonomy) genus
      2. species of plant; crop, produce; material
        • 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 4.8.13
        • PTeb. 66.43:
          ἄλλοις γένεσι τοῖς πρὸς πυρὸν διοικουμένοις
          állois génesi toîs pròs puròn dioikouménois
    3. element

Declension edit

Related terms edit

Descendants edit

  • Aramaic: גניסא, גנסא
  • Greek: γένος (génos)

References edit

Greek edit

Etymology edit

From Ancient Greek γένος (génos). Also see γίγνομαι (gígnomai, I am born).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ʝenos/
  • (file)
  • Hyphenation: γέ‧νος

Noun edit

γένος (génosn (plural γένη)

  1. family
  2. nation
  3. (taxonomy, biology) genus
  4. (grammar) gender (masculine, feminine, etc)
  5. maiden name, née
    Η Ελένη Παπαδοπούλου, το γένος Μενεγάκη.
    I Eléni Papadopoúlou, to génos Menegáki.
    Eleni Papadopoulou née Menegaki.

Declension edit

Coordinate terms edit

Related terms edit

and see

Further reading edit