λάρναξ
Ancient Greek edit
Alternative forms edit
- νάρναξ (nárnax)
Etymology edit
Unknown. The suffix "-ακ-" is seen in other instrument names like πίναξ (pínax), κάμαξ (kámax), δίφραξ (díphrax). According to Beekes, this suffix is typical of Pre-Greek, as is also the cluster -ρν-.[1][2] He considers νάρναξ (nárnax) a variant of this word, explaining the intial consonant from dissimilation (l-r > n-r).
Likely related to Etruscan 𐌋𐌀𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌑 (larnaś), suggested to have been borrowed from Greek, if it denotes a type of vessel.[3][4]
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /lár.naks/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈlar.naks/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈlar.naks/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈlar.naks/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈlar.naks/
Noun edit
λάρναξ • (lárnax) f (genitive λάρνακος); third declension
- coffer, box, chest
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.412–413:
- φύσας μέν ῥ’ ἀπάνευθε τίθει πυρός, ὅπλά τε πάντα
λάρνακ’ ἐς ἀργυρέην συλλέξατο, τοῖς ἐπονεῖτο·- phúsas mén rh’ apáneuthe títhei purós, hóplá te pánta
lárnak’ es arguréēn sulléxato, toîs eponeîto; - The bellows he placed away from the fire, and all his tools
he gathered into a silver box, those with which he worked.
- phúsas mén rh’ apáneuthe títhei purós, hóplá te pánta
- φύσας μέν ῥ’ ἀπάνευθε τίθει πυρός, ὅπλά τε πάντα
- cinerary urn, coffin, larnax
- bathtub
- Hesychius Π:
- πύαλος: ἡ ἀσάμινθος, ἡ λάρναξ
- púalos: hē asáminthos, hē lárnax
- πύαλος: ἡ ἀσάμινθος, ἡ λάρναξ
Declension edit
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ λᾰ́ρνᾰξ hē lárnax |
τὼ λᾰ́ρνᾰκε tṑ lárnake |
αἱ λᾰ́ρνᾰκες hai lárnakes | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς λᾰ́ρνᾰκος tês lárnakos |
τοῖν λᾰρνᾰ́κοιν toîn larnákoin |
τῶν λᾰρνᾰ́κων tôn larnákōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ λᾰ́ρνᾰκῐ têi lárnaki |
τοῖν λᾰρνᾰ́κοιν toîn larnákoin |
ταῖς λᾰ́ρνᾰξῐ / λᾰ́ρνᾰξῐν taîs lárnaxi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν λᾰ́ρνᾰκᾰ tḕn lárnaka |
τὼ λᾰ́ρνᾰκε tṑ lárnake |
τᾱ̀ς λᾰ́ρνᾰκᾰς tā̀s lárnakas | ||||||||||
Vocative | λᾰ́ρνᾰξ lárnax |
λᾰ́ρνᾰκε lárnake |
λᾰ́ρνᾰκες lárnakes | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms edit
- λαρνάκιον (larnákion)
- λαρνακοφθόρος (larnakophthóros)
Descendants edit
- → English: larnax
- → Old Armenian: լեառնակ (leaṙnak)
- → Old Georgian: ლარნაკი (larnaḳi)
- Georgian: ლარნაკი (larnaḳi)
References edit
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “λάρναξ, -ᾱκος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 834–835
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2014), Stefan Norbruis, editor, Pre-Greek: Phonology, Morphology, Lexicon, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Bellelli, Vincenzo; Benelli, Enrico (2009), “Un settore “specializzato” del lessico etrusco: una messa a punto sui nomi di vasi”, in Mediterranea, volume 6, page 140 of 139–152
- ^ Perkins, Phil (2020), “The Etruscan pithos revolution”, in Gleba, Margarita, editor, Making Cities, Cambridge: McDonald Institute
Further reading edit
- “λάρναξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN