πίνω
Ancient Greek
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”). Cognates include Sanskrit पिबति (pibati), Latin pōtō and bibō, and Albanian pi.[1]
The present tense system includes a N progressive aspect marker.
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pǐː.nɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpi.no/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpi.no/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpi.no/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpi.no/
Verb
editπῑ́νω • (pī́nō)
- to drink
- 6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 959
- (absolute)
- (figuratively)
- to carouse
Inflection
edit Present: πῑ́νω, πῑ́νομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | πῑ́νω | πῑ́νεις | πῑ́νει | πῑ́νετον | πῑ́νετον | πῑ́νομεν | πῑ́νετε | πῑ́νουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | πῑ́νω | πῑ́νῃς | πῑ́νῃ | πῑ́νητον | πῑ́νητον | πῑ́νωμεν | πῑ́νητε | πῑ́νωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | πῑ́νοιμῐ | πῑ́νοις | πῑ́νοι | πῑ́νοιτον | πῑνοίτην | πῑ́νοιμεν | πῑ́νοιτε | πῑ́νοιεν | |||||
imperative | πῖνε | πῑνέτω | πῑ́νετον | πῑνέτων | πῑ́νετε | πῑνόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | πῑ́νομαι | πῑ́νῃ, πῑ́νει |
πῑ́νεται | πῑ́νεσθον | πῑ́νεσθον | πῑνόμεθᾰ | πῑ́νεσθε | πῑ́νονται | ||||
subjunctive | πῑ́νωμαι | πῑ́νῃ | πῑ́νηται | πῑ́νησθον | πῑ́νησθον | πῑνώμεθᾰ | πῑ́νησθε | πῑ́νωνται | |||||
optative | πῑνοίμην | πῑ́νοιο | πῑ́νοιτο | πῑ́νοισθον | πῑνοίσθην | πῑνοίμεθᾰ | πῑ́νοισθε | πῑ́νοιντο | |||||
imperative | πῑ́νου | πῑνέσθω | πῑ́νεσθον | πῑνέσθων | πῑ́νεσθε | πῑνέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | πῑ́νειν | πῑ́νεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | πῑ́νων | πῑνόμενος | ||||||||||
f | πῑ́νουσᾰ | πῑνομένη | |||||||||||
n | πῖνον | πῑνόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Present: πῑ́ομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | πῑ́ομαι | πῑ́ῃ, πῑ́ει |
πῑ́εται | πῑ́εσθον | πῑ́εσθον | πῑόμεθᾰ | πῑ́εσθε | πῑ́ονται | ||||
subjunctive | πῑ́ωμαι | πῑ́ῃ | πῑ́ηται | πῑ́ησθον | πῑ́ησθον | πῑώμεθᾰ | πῑ́ησθε | πῑ́ωνται | |||||
optative | πῑοίμην | πῑ́οιο | πῑ́οιτο | πῑ́οισθον | πῑοίσθην | πῑοίμεθᾰ | πῑ́οισθε | πῑ́οιντο | |||||
imperative | πῑ́ου | πῑέσθω | πῑ́εσθον | πῑέσθων | πῑ́εσθε | πῑέσθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | πῑ́εσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | πῑόμενος | |||||||||||
f | πῑομένη | ||||||||||||
n | πῑόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔπῑνον | ἔπῑνες | ἔπῑνε(ν) | ἐπῑ́νετον | ἐπῑνέτην | ἐπῑ́νομεν | ἐπῑ́νετε | ἔπῑνον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπῑνόμην | ἐπῑ́νου | ἐπῑ́νετο | ἐπῑ́νεσθον | ἐπῑνέσθην | ἐπῑνόμεθᾰ | ἐπῑ́νεσθε | ἐπῑ́νοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | πῖνον | πῖνες | πῖνε(ν) | πῑ́νετον | πῑνέτην | πῑ́νομεν | πῑ́νετε | πῖνον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | πῑνόμην | πῑ́νου | πῑ́νετο | πῑ́νεσθον | πῑνέσθην | πῑνόμε(σ)θᾰ | πῑ́νεσθε | πῑ́νοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | πίνεσκον | πίνεσκες | πίνεσκε(ν) | πινέσκετον | πινεσκέτην | πινέσκομεν | πινέσκετε | πίνεσκον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | πινεσκόμην | πινέσκου | πινέσκετο | πινέσκεσθον | πινεσκέσθην | πινεσκόμεθᾰ | πινέσκεσθε | πινέσκοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | πῑ́ομαι | πῑ́ῃ, πῑ́ει |
πῑ́εται | πῑ́εσθον | πῑ́εσθον | πῑόμεθᾰ | πῑ́εσθε | πῑ́ονται | ||||
optative | πῑοίμην | πῑ́οιο | πῑ́οιτο | πῑ́οισθον | πῑοίσθην | πῑοίμεθᾰ | πῑ́οισθε | πῑ́οιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | ποθήσομαι | ποθήσῃ | ποθήσεται | ποθήσεσθον | ποθήσεσθον | ποθησόμεθᾰ | ποθήσεσθε | ποθήσονται | ||||
optative | ποθησοίμην | ποθήσοιο | ποθήσοιτο | ποθήσοισθον | ποθησοίσθην | ποθησοίμεθᾰ | ποθήσοισθε | ποθήσοιντο | |||||
middle | passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | πῑ́εσθαι | ποθήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | πῑόμενος | ποθησόμενος | ||||||||||
f | πῑομένη | ποθησομένη | |||||||||||
n | πῑόμενον | ποθησόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | πῐ́ομαι | πῐ́ῃ, πῐ́ει |
πῐ́εται | πῐ́εσθον | πῐ́εσθον | πῐόμεθᾰ | πῐ́εσθε | πῐ́ονται | ||||
optative | πῐοίμην | πῐ́οιο | πῐ́οιτο | πῐ́οισθον | πῐοίσθην | πῐοίμεθᾰ | πῐ́οισθε | πῐ́οιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | ποθήσομαι | ποθήσῃ | ποθήσεται | ποθήσεσθον | ποθήσεσθον | ποθησόμεθᾰ | ποθήσεσθε | ποθήσονται | ||||
optative | ποθησοίμην | ποθήσοιο | ποθήσοιτο | ποθήσοισθον | ποθησοίσθην | ποθησοίμεθᾰ | ποθήσοισθε | ποθήσοιντο | |||||
middle | passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | πῐ́εσθαι | ποθήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | πῐόμενος | ποθησόμενος | ||||||||||
f | πῐομένη | ποθησομένη | |||||||||||
n | πῐόμενον | ποθησόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | πῐέομαι | πῐέῃ, πῐέει |
πῐέεται | πῐέεσθον | πῐέεσθον | πῐεόμεθᾰ | πῐέεσθε | πῐέονται | ||||
optative | πῐεοίμην | πῐέοιο | πῐέοιτο | πῐέοισθον | πῐεοίσθην | πῐεοίμεθᾰ | πῐέοισθε | πῐέοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | ποθήσομαι | ποθήσῃ | ποθήσεται | ποθήσεσθον | ποθήσεσθον | ποθησόμεθᾰ | ποθήσεσθε | ποθήσονται | ||||
optative | ποθησοίμην | ποθήσοιο | ποθήσοιτο | ποθήσοισθον | ποθησοίσθην | ποθησοίμεθᾰ | ποθήσοισθε | ποθήσοιντο | |||||
middle | passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | πῐέεσθαι | ποθήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | πῐεόμενος | ποθησόμενος | ||||||||||
f | πῐεομένη | ποθησομένη | |||||||||||
n | πῐεόμενον | ποθησόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | πῐοῦμαι | πῐῇ | πῐεῖται | πῐεῖσθον | πῐεῖσθον | πῐούμεθᾰ | πῐεῖσθε | πῐοῦνται | ||||
optative | πῐοίμην | πῐοῖο | πῐοῖτο | πῐοῖσθον | πῐοίσθην | πῐοίμεθᾰ | πῐοῖσθε | πῐοῖντο | |||||
passive | indicative | ποθήσομαι | ποθήσῃ | ποθήσεται | ποθήσεσθον | ποθήσεσθον | ποθησόμεθᾰ | ποθήσεσθε | ποθήσονται | ||||
optative | ποθησοίμην | ποθήσοιο | ποθήσοιτο | ποθήσοισθον | ποθησοίσθην | ποθησοίμεθᾰ | ποθήσοισθε | ποθήσοιντο | |||||
middle | passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | πῐεῖσθαι | ποθήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | πῐούμενος | ποθησόμενος | ||||||||||
f | πῐουμένη | ποθησομένη | |||||||||||
n | πῐούμενον | ποθησόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
edit- ἀμετροπότης (ametropótēs)
- ἀνᾰπίνω (anapínō)
- ἀντῐπίνω (antipínō)
- ἀποπίνω (apopínō)
- ἄποτος (ápotos)
- βρᾰχύποτος (brakhúpotos)
- γάποτος (gápotos)
- δῐᾰπίνω (diapínō)
- δύσποτος (dúspotos)
- ἐκπίνω (ekpínō)
- ἐμπίνω (empínō)
- ἐπῐπίνω (epipínō)
- εὔποτος (eúpotos)
- ζωροπότης (zōropótēs)
- ἡδυπότης (hēdupótēs)
- ἡδύποτος (hēdúpotos)
- θερείποτος (thereípotos)
- κᾰτᾰπίνω (katapínō)
- λαβροποτέω (labropotéō)
- μετᾰπίνω (metapínō)
- μετριοπότης (metriopótēs)
- νεόποτος (neópotos)
- ὀλῐγόποτος (oligópotos)
- περίποτος (perípotos)
- πολύποτος (polúpotos)
- προπίνω (propínō)
- προσπίνω (prospínō)
- σεμνόποτος (semnópotos)
- σῠμπίνω (sumpínō)
- ὑπερπίνω (huperpínō)
- ὑποπίνω (hupopínō)
- φῐλοπότης (philopótēs)
- ψῡχοπότης (psūkhopótēs)
Related terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πίνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1194-5
Further reading
edit- “πίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “πίνω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- πίνω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- πίνω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “πίνω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G4095 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Greek
editEtymology
editFrom Ancient Greek πῑ́νω (pī́nō).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editπίνω • (píno) (past ήπια, passive πίνομαι)
- to drink (water, coffee, beers, etc)
- to toast (drink to someone's health)
- to drink (to be a drinker of alcoholic drinks)
- (colloquial) to smoke tobacco, use drugs
Conjugation
editπίνω, πίνομαι (irregular)
Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
1 sg | πίνω | πιω | πίνομαι | πιωθώ1 |
2 sg | πίνεις | πιεις | πίνεσαι | πιωθείς |
3 sg | πίνει | πιει | πίνεται | πιωθεί |
1 pl | πίνουμε, [‑ομε] | πιούμε | πινόμαστε | πιωθούμε |
2 pl | πίνετε | πιείτε | πίνεστε, πινόσαστε | πιωθείτε |
3 pl | πίνουν(ε) | πιουν(ε) | πίνονται | πιωθούν(ε) |
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
1 sg | έπινα | ήπια | πινόμουν(α) | πιώθηκα1 |
2 sg | έπινες | ήπιες | πινόσουν(α) | πιώθηκες |
3 sg | έπινε | ήπιε | πινόταν(ε) | πιώθηκε |
1 pl | πίναμε | ήπιαμε | πινόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) | πιωθήκαμε |
2 pl | πίνατε | ήπιατε | πινόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) | πιωθήκατε |
3 pl | έπιναν, πίναν(ε) | ήπιαν, ήπιανε | πίνονταν, (πινόντουσαν) | πιώθηκαν, πιωθήκαν(ε) |
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
1 sg | θα πίνω ➤ | θα πιω ➤ | θα πίνομαι ➤ | θα πιωθώ ➤ |
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα πίνεις, … | θα πιεις, … | θα πίνεσαι, … | θα πιωθείς, … |
Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … πιει έχω, έχεις, … πιωμένο, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ |
— είμαι, είσαι, … πιωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … πιει είχα, είχες, … πιωμένο, ‑η, ‑ο |
— ήμουν, ήσουν, … πιωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … πιει θα έχω, θα έχεις, … πιωμένο, ‑η, ‑ο |
— θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … πιωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
2 sg | πίνε | πιες, (πιε)2 | — | — |
2 pl | πίνετε | πιείτε, πιέστε, (πιέτε)2 | πίνεστε | πιωθείτε |
Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
Present participle➤ | πίνοντας ➤ | — | ||
Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας πιει ➤ | πιωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Nonfinite form➤ | πιει | πιωθεί | ||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
1. Passive forms πιωθ- are very rare, colloquial. 2. Rare, colloquial form. • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Related terms
editCompound forms
- αποπίνω (apopíno, “to drink up”)
- καταπίνω (katapíno, “to swallow”)
- κουτσοπίνω (koutsopíno, “to gossip, to drink slowly”)
- μπεκροπίνω (bekropíno, “to carouse, to booze”)
- ξαναπίνω (xanapíno, “to drink again”)
- ξεροκαταπίνω (xerokatapíno, “to drink often”)
- παραπίνω (parapíno, “to drink too much”)
- προπίνω (propíno, “to drink health”)
- στραβοκαταπίνω (stravokatapíno)
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₃-
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek verbs with a progressive nu marker
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek colloquialisms
- Greek irregular verbs