παχύς

See also: πᾶχυς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *pəkʰús, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰn̥ǵʰús, from *bʰenǵʰ- (“thick, fat”). Cognates include Sanskrit बहु (bahu) and Avestan 𐬠𐬄𐬰𐬀𐬵 (bązah).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pa.kʰýs/ → /paˈçys/ → /paˈçis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pa.kʰýs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /paˈkʰys/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /paˈçys/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /paˈçys/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /paˈçis/

Adjective

πᾰχῠ́ς • (păkhŭ́s) m (feminine πᾰχεῖᾰ, neuter πᾰχῠ́); first/third declension

1. thick, large, stout
2. coarse
3. curdled, clotted
4. fat
5. great
6. thick-witted, dull, stupid

Declension

First and third declension of πᾰχῠ́ς; πᾰχεῖᾰ; πᾰχῠ́ (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		πᾰχῠ́ς păkhŭ́s	πᾰχεῖᾰ păkheîă	πᾰχῠ́ păkhŭ́		πᾰχέε păkhée	πᾰχείᾱ păkheíā	πᾰχέε păkhée		πᾰχεῖς păkheîs	πᾰχεῖαι păkheîai	πᾰχέᾰ păkhéă
Genitive		πᾰχέος păkhéos	πᾰχείᾱς păkheíās	πᾰχέος păkhéos		πᾰχέοιν păkhéoin	πᾰχείαιν păkheíain	πᾰχέοιν păkhéoin		πᾰχέων păkhéōn	πᾰχειῶν păkheiôn	πᾰχέων păkhéōn
Dative		πᾰχεῖ păkheî	πᾰχείᾳ păkheíāi	πᾰχεῖ păkheî		πᾰχέοιν păkhéoin	πᾰχείαιν păkheíain	πᾰχέοιν păkhéoin		πᾰχέσῐ / πᾰχέσῐν păkhésĭ(n)	πᾰχείαις păkheíais	πᾰχέσῐ / πᾰχέσῐν păkhésĭ(n)
Accusative		πᾰχῠ́ν păkhŭ́n	πᾰχεῖᾰν păkheîăn	πᾰχῠ́ păkhŭ́		πᾰχέε păkhée	πᾰχείᾱ păkheíā	πᾰχέε păkhée		πᾰχεῖς păkheîs	πᾰχείᾱς păkheíās	πᾰχέᾰ păkhéă
Vocative		πᾰχῠ́ păkhŭ́	πᾰχεῖᾰ păkheîă	πᾰχῠ́ păkhŭ́		πᾰχέε păkhée	πᾰχείᾱ păkheíā	πᾰχέε păkhée		πᾰχεῖς păkheîs	πᾰχεῖαι păkheîai	πᾰχέᾰ păkhéă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		πᾰχέως păkhéōs				πᾰχῠ́τερος / πᾰχῐ́ων păkhŭ́teros / păkhĭ́ōn				πᾰχῠ́τᾰτος / πᾰ́χῐστος păkhŭ́tătos / pắkhĭstos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and third declension of πᾰχῠ́ς; πᾰχεῖᾰ; πᾰχῠ́ (Epic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		πᾰχῠ́ς păkhŭ́s	πᾰχεῖᾰ păkheîă	πᾰχῠ́ păkhŭ́		πᾰχέε păkhée	πᾰχείᾱ păkheíā	πᾰχέε păkhée		πᾰχέες păkhées	πᾰχεῖαι păkheîai	πᾰχέᾰ păkhéă
Genitive		πᾰχέος păkhéos	πᾰχείης păkheíēs	πᾰχέος păkhéos		πᾰχέοιῐν păkhéoiĭn	πᾰχείαιν / πᾰχείαιῐν / πᾰχείῃῐν păkheíai(ĭ)n / păkheíēiĭn	πᾰχέοιῐν păkhéoiĭn		πᾰχέων păkhéōn	πᾰχειᾱ́ων / πᾰχειέ͜ων / πᾰχειῶν păkheiā́ōn / păkheié͜ōn / păkheiôn	πᾰχέων păkhéōn
Dative		πᾰχεῖ păkheî	πᾰχείῃ păkheíēi	πᾰχεῖ păkheî		πᾰχέοιῐν păkhéoiĭn	πᾰχείαιν / πᾰχείαιῐν / πᾰχείῃῐν păkheíai(ĭ)n / păkheíēiĭn	πᾰχέοιῐν păkhéoiĭn		πᾰχέεσσῐ / πᾰχέεσσῐν / πᾰχέεσῐ / πᾰχέεσῐν / πᾰχέσῐ / πᾰχέσῐν păkhéessĭ(n) / păkhéesĭ(n) / păkhésĭ(n)	πᾰχείῃσῐ / πᾰχείῃσῐν / πᾰχείῃς / πᾰχείαις păkheíēisĭ(n) / păkheíēis / păkheíais	πᾰχέεσσῐ / πᾰχέεσσῐν / πᾰχέεσῐ / πᾰχέεσῐν / πᾰχέσῐ / πᾰχέσῐν păkhéessĭ(n) / păkhéesĭ(n) / păkhésĭ(n)
Accusative		πᾰχῠ́ν păkhŭ́n	πᾰχεῖᾰν păkheîăn	πᾰχῠ́ păkhŭ́		πᾰχέε păkhée	πᾰχείᾱ păkheíā	πᾰχέε păkhée		πᾰχέᾰς păkhéăs	πᾰχείᾱς păkheíās	πᾰχέᾰ păkhéă
Vocative		πᾰχῠ́ păkhŭ́	πᾰχεῖᾰ păkheîă	πᾰχῠ́ păkhŭ́		πᾰχέε păkhée	πᾰχείᾱ păkheíā	πᾰχέε păkhée		πᾰχέες păkhées	πᾰχεῖαι păkheîai	πᾰχέᾰ păkhéă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		πᾰχέως păkhéōs				πᾰ́σσων pắssōn				πᾰ́χῐστος pắkhĭstos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• πάχος (pákhos)
• πᾰχῠδᾰ́κτῠλος (păkhŭdắktŭlos)
• πᾰχῠ́δερμος (păkhŭ́dermos)

Descendants

• Greek: παχύς (pachýs)
• → English: pachy-
• → Portuguese: paqui-

References

• “πᾰχύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “παχύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “παχύς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• παχύς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• παχύς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • big idem, page 78.
  • bouncing idem, page 90.
  • bulky idem, page 103.
  • burly idem, page 105.
  • chubby idem, page 132.
  • corpulent idem, page 174.
  • dumpy idem, page 256.
  • fat idem, page 309.
  • plump idem, page 622.
  • stout idem, page 821.
  • sturdy idem, page 830.
  • thick idem, page 865.
  • thick-headed idem, page 865.

Greek

Etymology

Inherited from Ancient Greek πᾰχῠ́ς (păkhŭ́s).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paˈçis/
• Hyphenation: πα‧χύς

Adjective

παχύς • (pachýs) m (feminine παχιά, neuter παχύ)

1. fat, a formal synonym of χοντρός (chontrós)
2. incrassate
3. overweight
4. thick

Declension

Declension of παχύς

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	παχύς (pachýs)	παχιά (pachiá)	παχύ (pachý)		παχιοί (pachioí)	παχιές (pachiés)	παχιά (pachiá)
genitive	παχιού (pachioú) παχύ (pachý)	παχιάς (pachiás)	παχιού (pachioú) παχύ (pachý)		παχιών (pachión)	παχιών (pachión)	παχιών (pachión)
accusative	παχύ (pachý)	παχιά (pachiá)	παχύ (pachý)		παχιούς (pachioús)	παχιές (pachiés)	παχιά (pachiá)
vocative	παχύ (pachý)	παχιά (pachiá)	παχύ (pachý)		παχιοί (pachioí)	παχιές (pachiés)	παχιά (pachiá)

Notes: There are in use some learned forms:
παχέος: masculine and neuter genitive singular
παχείς: masculine plural
Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο παχύς, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο παχύς, etc.)

Degrees of comparison by suffixation

comparative (?) singular plural masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter nominative παχύτερος (pachýteros) παχύτερη (pachýteri) παχύτερο (pachýtero) παχύτεροι (pachýteroi) παχύτερες (pachýteres) παχύτερα (pachýtera) genitive παχύτερου (pachýterou) παχύτερης (pachýteris) παχύτερου (pachýterou) παχύτερων (pachýteron) παχύτερων (pachýteron) παχύτερων (pachýteron) accusative παχύτερο (pachýtero) παχύτερη (pachýteri) παχύτερο (pachýtero) παχύτερους (pachýterous) παχύτερες (pachýteres) παχύτερα (pachýtera) vocative παχύτερε (pachýtere) παχύτερη (pachýteri) παχύτερο (pachýtero) παχύτεροι (pachýteroi) παχύτερες (pachýteres) παχύτερα (pachýtera) Derivations: relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο παχύτερος", etc) absolute superlative (?) singular plural masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter nominative παχύτατος (pachýtatos) παχύτατη (pachýtati) παχύτατο (pachýtato) παχύτατοι (pachýtatoi) παχύτατες (pachýtates) παχύτατα (pachýtata) genitive παχύτατου (pachýtatou) παχύτατης (pachýtatis) παχύτατου (pachýtatou) παχύτατων (pachýtaton) παχύτατων (pachýtaton) παχύτατων (pachýtaton) accusative παχύτατο (pachýtato) παχύτατη (pachýtati) παχύτατο (pachýtato) παχύτατους (pachýtatous) παχύτατες (pachýtates) παχύτατα (pachýtata) vocative παχύτατε (pachýtate) παχύτατη (pachýtati) παχύτατο (pachýtato) παχύτατοι (pachýtatoi) παχύτατες (pachýtates) παχύτατα (pachýtata)

Antonyms

• λεπτός (leptós), λιπόσαρκος (lipósarkos)
• less frequent: άπαχος (ápachos) in sense: "not fat, thin"

Related terms

• ανισοπαχής (anisopachís), ανσιόπαχος (ansiópachos)
• αντιπαχυντικός (antipachyntikós)
• άπαχος (ápachos, “thin, lean”)
• απάχυντος (apáchyntos, “unfattened”)
• γεροντόπαχο n (gerontópacho)
• ισοπαχής (isopachís), ισόπαχος (isópachos)
• παχαίνω (pachaíno)
• παχάκι n (pacháki) (diminutive)
• παχόμετρο n (pachómetro)
• πάχος n (páchos, “fatness”)
• παχουλός (pachoulós)
• παχύ έντερο (pachý éntero)
• παχυδερμία f (pachydermía)
• παχυδερμισμός m (pachydermismós)
• παχύδερμο n (pachýdermo)
• παχύδερμος (pachýdermos)
• παχυλός (pachylós)
• παχύμετρο n (pachýmetro)
• πάχυνση f (páchynsi, “fattening”)
• παχυντικός (pachyntikós, “fattening”)
• παχύνω (pachýno)
• παχύρρευστος (pachýrrefstos)
• παχυσαρκία f (pachysarkía, “obesity”)
• παχύσαρκος (pachýsarkos, “obese”)
• παχύσωμος (pachýsomos)
• παχύτητα f (pachýtita)
• τετράπαχος (tetrápachos)

Further reading

• παχύς, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language