στρυφνός
Ancient Greek edit
Etymology edit
No convincing etymology. Clearly reminiscent of στύφω (stúphō, “to astringe”). Perhaps it derives from the same root, influenced by στριφνός (striphnós, “firm, hard, solid”) or στρηνής (strēnḗs, “hard, harsh”). The comparison with Proto-West Germanic *strūb (“stiff, rough, bristly”), Lithuanian strùbas (“cut short, curtailed”) and Proto-Slavic *strupъ (“scab, crust of a wound”) is not semantically compelling and therefore uncertain.
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /stry.pʰnós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /stryˈpʰnos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /stryˈɸnos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /stryˈfnos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /striˈfnos/
Adjective edit
στρῠφνός • (struphnós) m (feminine στρῠφνή, neuter στρῠφνόν); first/second declension
- sour, bitter, harsh, astringent
- Synonym: στυφελός (stuphelós)
- (figuratively) harsh, severe, austere
Inflection edit
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | στρῠφνός struphnós |
στρῠφνή struphnḗ |
στρῠφνόν struphnón |
στρῠφνώ struphnṓ |
στρῠφνᾱ́ struphnā́ |
στρῠφνώ struphnṓ |
στρῠφνοί struphnoí |
στρῠφναί struphnaí |
στρῠφνᾰ́ struphná | |||||
Genitive | στρῠφνοῦ struphnoû |
στρῠφνῆς struphnês |
στρῠφνοῦ struphnoû |
στρῠφνοῖν struphnoîn |
στρῠφναῖν struphnaîn |
στρῠφνοῖν struphnoîn |
στρῠφνῶν struphnôn |
στρῠφνῶν struphnôn |
στρῠφνῶν struphnôn | |||||
Dative | στρῠφνῷ struphnôi |
στρῠφνῇ struphnêi |
στρῠφνῷ struphnôi |
στρῠφνοῖν struphnoîn |
στρῠφναῖν struphnaîn |
στρῠφνοῖν struphnoîn |
στρῠφνοῖς struphnoîs |
στρῠφναῖς struphnaîs |
στρῠφνοῖς struphnoîs | |||||
Accusative | στρῠφνόν struphnón |
στρῠφνήν struphnḗn |
στρῠφνόν struphnón |
στρῠφνώ struphnṓ |
στρῠφνᾱ́ struphnā́ |
στρῠφνώ struphnṓ |
στρῠφνούς struphnoús |
στρῠφνᾱ́ς struphnā́s |
στρῠφνᾰ́ struphná | |||||
Vocative | στρῠφνέ struphné |
στρῠφνή struphnḗ |
στρῠφνόν struphnón |
στρῠφνώ struphnṓ |
στρῠφνᾱ́ struphnā́ |
στρῠφνώ struphnṓ |
στρῠφνοί struphnoí |
στρῠφναί struphnaí |
στρῠφνᾰ́ struphná | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
στρῠφνῶς struphnôs |
στρῠφνότερος struphnóteros |
στρῠφνότᾰτος struphnótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms edit
- στρυφνότης (struphnótēs)
- στρυφνόω (struphnóō)
Further reading edit
- “στρυφνός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “στρυφνός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- στρυφνός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN