Belarusian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Belarusian вы (vy), from Old East Slavic вы (vy), from Proto-Slavic *vy.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [vɨ]
  • Audio:(file)

Pronoun

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вы (vy)

  1. you (plural or formal)

Declension

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Declension of Belarusian personal pronouns
singular plural reflexive
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
m n f
nominative я (ja) ты (ty) ён (jon) яно́ (janó) яна́ (janá) мы (my) вы (vy) яны́ (janý)
genitive мяне́ (mjanjé) цябе́ (cjabjé) яго́ (jahó) яе́ (jajé) нас (nas) вас (vas) іх (ix) сябе́ (sjabjé)
dative мне (mnje) табе́ (tabjé) яму́ (jamú) ёй (joj) нам (nam) вам (vam) ім (im) сабе́ (sabjé)
accusative мяне́ (mjanjé) цябе́ (cjabjé) яго́ (jahó) яе́ (jajé) нас (nas) вас (vas) іх (ix) сябе́ (sjabjé)
instrumental мной, мно́ю (mnoj, mnóju) табо́й, табо́ю (tabój, tabóju) ім (im) ёй, ёю (joj, jóju) на́мі (námi) ва́мі (vámi) і́мі (ími) сабо́й, сабо́ю (sabój, sabóju)
locative мне (mnje) табе́ (tabjé) ім (im) ёй (joj) нас (nas) вас (vas) іх (ix) сабе́ (sabjé)

Carpathian Rusyn

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *vy, from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈvɤ]
  • Rhymes:
  • Syllabification: вы

Pronoun

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вы ()

  1. second-person singular formal, as well as second-person plural, nominative case:you
    Як ся Вы сам чуєте в ролї учітеля материньского языка?Jak sja sam čujete v rolji učitelja materynʹskoho jazŷka?How do you feel in the role of a teacher of your native language?

Further reading

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Kabardian

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Etymology

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Compare Adyghe цу (cʷu).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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вы ()

  1. ox
  2. bull (Animal)

Declension

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Declension of вы
case singular plural
indefinite
nominative выр (vər) выхэр (vəxɛr)
ergative вым (vəm) выхэмэ (vəxɛmɛ)
instrumental вы(м)кӏэ (və(m)kʼɛ) выхэ(м)кӏэ (vəxɛ(m)kʼɛ)
invertive выу (vəwu) выхыу (vəxəwu)

Russian

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Alternative forms

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  • Вы (Vy)alternative capitalisation in formal writing

Etymology

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From Old East Slavic вꙑ (vy), from Proto-Slavic *vy, from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs. Cognate with Sanskrit यूयम् (yūyam) and English you.

Use of Вы as a formal singular is attested in East Slavic literature from the 11th-16th century, under influence of Byzantine speech. It started becoming widespread in Russian society during the rule of Peter the Great, under French and German influence, and became ingrained by the 19th century.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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вы (vy)

  1. you (plural or formal singular)

Usage notes

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The personal pronoun вы is comparable to French vous, German Sie, Italian Voi, Spanish usted, Portuguese vós, and is used not only in the plural sense, but also as the formal singular. The formal вы is appropriate with strangers, business contacts, neighbors, and friends. (The informal ты (ty) should only be used with family and friends. Even then, a speaker may suddenly switch to вы in order to broach an especially serious topic, or to indicate displeasure or anger.) For more information, see Appendix:Russian pronouns

Declension

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Declension of Russian personal pronouns
singular plural reflexive
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
m n f
nominative я
(ja)
ты
(ty)
он
(on)
оно́
(onó)
она́
(oná)
мы
(my)
вы
(vy)
они́1
(oní)
genitive меня́
(menjá)
тебя́
(tebjá)
его́2, него́2 3
(jevó, nevó)
её4, неё3 4
(jejó, nejó)
нас
(nas)
вас
(vas)
их, них3
(ix, nix)
себя́
(sebjá)
dative мне
(mne)
тебе́
(tebé)
ему́, нему́3
(jemú, nemú)
ей, ней3
(jej, nej)
нам
(nam)
вам
(vam)
им, ним3
(im, nim)
себе́
(sebé)
accusative меня́
(menjá)
тебя́
(tebjá)
его́2, него́2 3
(jevó, nevó)
её, неё3
(jejó, nejó)
нас
(nas)
вас
(vas)
их, них3
(ix, nix)
себя́
(sebjá)
instrumental мной, мно́ю5
(mnoj, mnóju)
тобо́й, тобо́ю5
(tobój, tobóju)
им, ним3
(im, nim)
ей, ней3, е́ю5, не́ю3 5
(jej, nej, jéju, néju)
на́ми
(námi)
ва́ми
(vámi)
и́ми, ни́ми3
(ími, ními)
собо́й, собо́ю5
(sobój, sobóju)
prepositional 6 мне
(mne)
тебе́
(tebé)
нём3
(njom)
ней3
(nej)
нас
(nas)
вас
(vas)
них3
(nix)
себе́
(sebé)
  1. Archaic feminine form: оне́ (oné).
  2. The letter г (g) in the genitive/accusative case ending is pronounced as /v/.
  3. The alternative forms starting with н- (n-) are used after a preposition.
  4. Archaic forms: ея́ (jejá), нея́ (nejá).
  5. Instrumental forms ending in (-ju) are either dated, poetic, or dialectal.
  6. The prepositional case is never used without a preposition.
Pre-1918 declension of Russian personal pronouns
singular plural reflexive
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
m n f m / n f
nominative я
(ja)
ты
(ty)
онъ
(on)
оно́
(onó)
она́
(oná)
мы
(my)
вы
(vy)
они́
(oní)
онѣ́
(oně́)
genitive меня́
(menjá)
тебя́
(tebjá)
его́1, него́1 2
(jevó, nevó)
ея́3, нея́2 3
(jejá, nejá)
насъ
(nas)
васъ
(vas)
ихъ, нихъ2
(ix, nix)
себя́
(sebjá)
dative мнѣ
(mně)
тебѣ́
(tebě́)
ему́, нему́2
(jemú, nemú)
ей, ней2
(jej, nej)
намъ
(nam)
вамъ
(vam)
имъ, нимъ2
(im, nim)
себѣ́
(sebě́)
accusative меня́
(menjá)
тебя́
(tebjá)
его́1, него́1 2
(jevó, nevó)
её, неё2
(jejó, nejó)
насъ
(nas)
васъ
(vas)
ихъ, нихъ2
(ix, nix)
себя́
(sebjá)
instrumental мной, мно́ю4
(mnoj, mnóju)
тобо́й, тобо́ю4
(tobój, tobóju)
имъ, нимъ2
(im, nim)
ей, ней2, е́ю4, не́ю2 4
(jej, nej, jéju, néju)
на́ми
(námi)
ва́ми
(vámi)
и́ми, ни́ми2
(ími, ními)
собо́й, собо́ю4
(sobój, sobóju)
prepositional5 мнѣ
(mně)
тебѣ́
(tebě́)
нёмъ2
(njom)
ней2
(nej)
насъ
(nas)
васъ
(vas)
нихъ2
(nix)
себѣ́
(sebě́)
  1. Letter г (g) in the genitive/accusative case ending is pronounced as /v/.
  2. The alternative forms starting with н- (n-) are used after a preposition.
  3. Archaic forms: ея́ (jejá), нея́ (nejá).
  4. Instrumental forms ending in (-ju) are either dated, poetic, or dialectal.
  5. The prepositional case is never used without a preposition.
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