дремя
Bulgarian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *drěmati, through Old Church Slavonic дрѣмати (drěmati, “to drowse, doze”). Cognates include Czech dřímat, Polish drzemać, Russian дрема́ть (dremátʹ), Serbo-Croatian drijemati, Slovene dremati and more distantly Latin dormiō and Sanskrit द्रायते (drāyate).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
дре́мя • (drémja) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective дряма)
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of дре́мя (conjugation 1.3, irregular, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | дре́мещ drémešt |
дря́мал, дрема́л1 drjámal, dremál1 |
дре́мел drémel |
— | дре́мейки drémejki | |
| definite subject form | дре́мещият drémeštijat |
дря́малият, дрема́лият1 drjámalijat, dremálijat1 |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | дре́мещия drémeštija |
дря́малия, дрема́лия1 drjámalija, dremálija1 |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | дре́меща drémešta |
дря́мала, дрема́ла1 drjámala, dremála1 |
дре́мела drémela |
— | ||
| definite | дре́мещата drémeštata |
дря́малата, дрема́лата1 drjámalata, dremálata1 |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | дре́мещо drémešto |
дря́мало, дрема́ло1 drjámalo, dremálo1 |
дре́мело drémelo |
— | дря́мане, дре́мене drjámane, drémene | |
| definite | дре́мещото drémeštoto |
дря́малото, дрема́лото1 drjámaloto, dremáloto1 |
— | — | дря́мането, дре́менето drjámaneto, drémeneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | дре́мещи drémešti |
дря́мали, дрема́ли1 drjámali, dremáli1 |
дре́мели drémeli |
— | дря́мания, дре́мения, дря́манета, дре́менета drjámanija, drémenija, drjámaneta, drémeneta | |
| definite | дре́мещите drémeštite |
дря́малите, дрема́лите1 drjámalite, dremálite1 |
— | — | дря́манията, дре́менията, дря́манетата, дре́менетата drjámanijata, drémenijata, drjámanetata, drémenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | дре́мя drémja |
дре́меш drémeš |
дре́ме dréme |
дре́мем drémem |
дре́мете drémete |
дре́мят drémjat | |
| imperfect | дре́мех drémeh |
дре́меше drémeše |
дре́меше drémeše |
дре́мехме drémehme |
дре́мехте drémehte |
дре́меха drémeha | |
| aorist | дря́мах, дрема́х1 drjámah, dremáh1 |
дря́ма, дрема́1 drjáma, dremá1 |
дря́ма, дрема́1 drjáma, dremá1 |
дря́махме, дрема́хме1 drjámahme, dremáhme1 |
дря́махте, дрема́хте1 drjámahte, dremáhte1 |
дря́маха, дрема́ха1 drjámaha, dremáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and дря́мал/дрема́л1 m, дря́мала/дрема́ла1 f, дря́мало/дрема́ло1 n, or дря́мали/дрема́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and дря́мал/дрема́л1 m, дря́мала/дрема́ла1 f, дря́мало/дрема́ло1 n, or дря́мали/дрема́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and дря́мал/дрема́л1 m, дря́мала/дрема́ла1 f, дря́мало/дрема́ло1 n, or дря́мали/дрема́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and дря́мал/дрема́л1 m, дря́мала/дрема́ла1 f, дря́мало/дрема́ло1 n, or дря́мали/дрема́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and дре́мел m, дре́мела f, дре́мело n, or дре́мели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and дря́мал/дрема́л1 m, дря́мала/дрема́ла1 f, дря́мало/дрема́ло1 n, or дря́мали/дрема́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and дря́мал/дрема́л1 m, дря́мала/дрема́ла1 f, дря́мало/дрема́ло1 n, or дря́мали/дрема́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and дря́мал/дрема́л1 m, дря́мала/дрема́ла1 f, дря́мало/дрема́ло1 n, or дря́мали/дрема́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and дре́мел m, дре́мела f, дре́мело n, or дре́мели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and дря́мал/дрема́л1 m, дря́мала/дрема́ла1 f, дря́мало/дрема́ло1 n, or дря́мали/дрема́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and дря́мал/дрема́л1 m, дря́мала/дрема́ла1 f, дря́мало/дрема́ло1 n, or дря́мали/дрема́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and дре́мел m, дре́мела f, дре́мело n, or дре́мели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and дря́мал/дрема́л1 m, дря́мала/дрема́ла1 f, дря́мало/дрема́ло1 n, or дря́мали/дрема́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and дря́мал/дрема́л1 m, дря́мала/дрема́ла1 f, дря́мало/дрема́ло1 n, or дря́мали/дрема́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and дря́мал/дрема́л1 m, дря́мала/дрема́ла1 f, дря́мало/дрема́ло1 n, or дря́мали/дрема́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and дря́мал/дрема́л1 m, дря́мала/дрема́ла1 f, дря́мало/дрема́ло1 n, or дря́мали/дрема́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| дреми́ dremí |
дреме́те dreméte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
References edit
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “драмя, дрѐмвам, дрѐмна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 425
- “дремя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014