кошмар
Bulgarian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French cauchemar, from Middle French cauchemare, from Old French cauquemare. First element from Latin calcō (“I trample, tread on”); second element from Middle Dutch mare (“phantom, spirit, nightmare”), from Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”). See cauchemar.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
кошма́р • (košmár) m (relational adjective кошма́рен)
Declension edit
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | кошма́р košmár |
кошма́ри košmári |
| definite (subject form) |
кошма́рят košmárjat |
кошма́рите košmárite |
| definite (object form) |
кошма́ря košmárja | |
| count form | — | кошма́ря košmárja |
Macedonian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French cauchemar, from Middle French cauchemare, from Old French cauquemare. First element from Latin calcare (“I trample, tread on”); second element from Middle Dutch mare (“phantom, spirit, nightmare”), from Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”). See cauchemar.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
кошмар • (košmar) m (plural кошмари, relational adjective кошмарен)
Declension edit
Russian edit
Alternative forms edit
- кошма́ръ (košmár) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology edit
Connected to French cauchemar, from Middle French cauchemare, from Old French cauquemare. First element from Latin calcare (“I trample, tread on”); second element from Middle Dutch mare (“phantom, spirit, nightmare”), from Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”). See cauchemar.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
кошма́р • (košmár) m inan (genitive кошма́ра, nominative plural кошма́ры, genitive plural кошма́ров, relational adjective кошма́рный)
- nightmare
- (figuratively) disaster, horror (something extremely unpleasant)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
- кошма́рный (košmárnyj)
Descendants edit
- → Belarusian: кашмар (kašmar)
- → Georgian: კოშმარი (ḳošmari), კაშმარი (ḳašmari)
- → Kazakh: кошмар (koşmar)
- → Polish: koszmar
Interjection edit
кошма́р • (košmár)
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French cauchemar, from Middle French cauchemare, from Old French cauquemare. First element from Latin calcare (“I trample, tread on”); second element from Middle Dutch mare (“phantom, spirit, nightmare”), from Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”). See cauchemar.
Noun edit
ко̏шма̄р m (Latin spelling kȍšmār)
Declension edit
Ukrainian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French cauchemar, from Middle French cauchemare, from Old French cauquemare. First element from Latin calcare (“I trample, tread on”); second element from Middle Dutch mare (“phantom, spirit, nightmare”), from Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
кошма́р • (košmár) m inan (genitive кошма́ру, nominative plural кошма́ри, genitive plural кошма́рів, relational adjective кошма́рний)
Declension edit
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | кошма́р košmár |
кошма́ри košmáry |
| genitive | кошма́ру košmáru |
кошма́рів košmáriv |
| dative | кошма́рові, кошма́ру košmárovi, košmáru |
кошма́рам košmáram |
| accusative | кошма́р košmár |
кошма́ри košmáry |
| instrumental | кошма́ром košmárom |
кошма́рами košmáramy |
| locative | кошма́рі košmári |
кошма́рах košmárax |
| vocative | кошма́ре košmáre |
кошма́ри košmáry |
Further reading edit
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “кошмар”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “кошмар”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
- “кошмар”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
- “кошмар”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
- “кошмар”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)