եմ
ArmenianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- յեմ (yem) – reformed orthography spelling in 1922–1940, following a vowel
EtymologyEdit
From Old Armenian եմ (em).
PronunciationEdit
- (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [ɛm], (following a vowel) IPA(key): [jɛm]
- (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [ɛm], (following a vowel) IPA(key): [jɛm]
Audio (file)
VerbEdit
եմ • (em)
- I am
ConjugationEdit
defective conjugation (Eastern Armenian)
defective negative conjugation (Eastern Armenian)
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
| present | չեմ (čʿem) | չես (čʿes) | չէ (čʿē), չի (čʿi)* | չենք (čʿenkʿ) | չեք (čʿekʿ) | չեն (čʿen) |
| imperfective | չէի (čʿēi) | չէիր (čʿēir) | չէր (čʿēr) | չէինք (čʿēinkʿ) | չէիք (čʿēikʿ) | չէին (čʿēin) |
| *colloquial More complex tenses are formed with the verb չլինել (čʿlinel) | ||||||
defective conjugation (Western Armenian)
SynonymsEdit
- լինել (linel)
Old ArmenianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi. See also ես (es), է (ē), են (en).
VerbEdit
եմ • (em)
- to be
- է զի, էր զի, է ուրեք, է երբէք զի... ― ē zi, ēr zi, ē urekʿ, ē erbēkʿ zi... ― sometimes; it happens, it turns out...
- Ես եմ Աստուած՝ որ Էն։ ― Es em Astuac, or Ēn. ― I am that I am.
- Ես եմ՝ ես եմ նոյն որ ջնջեմ։ ― Es em, es em noyn or ǰnǰem. ― I am, it is I, it is I who blot out and pardon.
- Առն միոջ էին երկու որդիք։ ― Aṙn mioǰ ēin erku ordikʿ. ― A certain man had two sons. (literally, “There were two sons of one man.”)
- Էր ամաց երկոտասանից։ ― Ēr amacʿ erkotasanicʿ. ― He was twelve years old.
- Յուտել եմ։ ― Yutel em. ― I am eating.
- է զի, է երբեմն, է ուրէք, էր զի ― ē zi, ē erbemn, ē urēkʿ, ēr zi ― sometimes; now and then
- է որ, են որ ― ē or, en or ― some, some one; one ... and the other; some ... others; some... some; sometimes
- ողջ ե՛ր ― ołǰ ér ― live, fare thee well
- Են նորա երկու որդիք։ ― En nora erku ordikʿ. ― He has two sons. (literally, “There are two sons of him.”)
- իցեն այսոքիկ որպէս եւ են ― icʿen aysokʿik orpēs ew en ― whatever it may be
ConjugationEdit
active
| infinitive | — | participle | — | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| causative | — | aorist stem | - | ||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | ես | դու | նա | մեք | դուք | նոքա | |
| present | եմ (em) | ես (es) | է (ē) | եմք (emkʿ) | էք (ēkʿ) | են (en) | |
| imperfect | էի, եի* ( ēi, ei*) | էիր, եիր* ( ēir, eir*) | էր (ēr) | էաք, եաք* ( ēakʿ, eakʿ*) | էիք, եիք* ( ēikʿ, eikʿ*) | էին, եին* ( ēin, ein*) | |
| aorist | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| subjunctive | ես | դու | նա | մեք | դուք | նոքա | |
| present | իցեմ (icʿem) | իցես (icʿes) | իցէ (icʿē) | իցեմք (icʿemkʿ) | իցէք (icʿēkʿ) | իցեն (icʿen) | |
| aorist | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| imperatives | — | (դու) | — | — | (դուք) | — | |
| imperative | — | ե՛ր (ér) | — | — | է՛ք, երո՛ւք (ḗkʿ, erúkʿ) | — | |
| cohortative | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| prohibitive | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| *rare the verb is defective subjunctive aorist իցէի (icʿēi) and an infinitive ել (el) are attested from the Hellenizing and Latinizing schools | |||||||
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Armenian: եմ (em)
ReferencesEdit
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979), “եմ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
- Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “եմ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “եմ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy