اقتصاد

Arabic

Root
ق ص د (q-ṣ-d)

Etymology

Verbal noun of اِقْتَصَدَ (iqtaṣada).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iq.ti.sˤaːd/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

اِقْتِصَاد • (iqtiṣād) m

1. verbal noun of اِقْتَصَدَ (iqtaṣada) (form VIII)
2. economy (“frugal use of resources”)

   Antonyms: إِسْرَاف (ʔisrāf), سَرَف (saraf), تَبْذِير (tabḏīr)

   • a. 869, Al-Jāḥiẓ, quoting Sahl ibn Hārūn, “رسالة سهل بن هارون”, in Muḥammad Fatḥī ʾAbū Bakr, editor, Al-Buḵalāʾ, 5th edition, Egyptian-Lebanese Publishing House, published 2021, →ISBN, page 48:

     وَعِبْتُمْ عَلَيَّ قَوْلِي: مَنْ لَمْ يَتَعَرَّفْ مَوَاقِعَ السَّرَفِ فِي الْمَوْجُودِ الرَّخِيصِ، لَمْ يَعْرِفْ مَوَاقِعَ ٱلِٱقْتِصَادِ فِي الْمُمْتَنِعِ الْغَالِي

     waʕibtum ʕalayya qawlī: man lam yataʕarraf mawāqiʕa s-sarafi fī l-mawjūdi r-raḵīṣi, lam yaʕrif mawāqiʕa l-iqtiṣādi fī l-mumtaniʕi l-ḡālī

     You mocked me for saying that the man who does not know how to economise with inexpensive things will be ignorant of thrift when it comes to items hors de prix.

     Translated by Jim Colville

3. economy (“system of production and distribution”)
4. economics

Declension

Declension of noun اِقْتِصَاد (iqtiṣād)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	اِقْتِصَاد iqtiṣād	الِاقْتِصَاد al-iqtiṣād	اِقْتِصَاد iqtiṣād
Nominative	اِقْتِصَادٌ iqtiṣādun	الِاقْتِصَادُ al-iqtiṣādu	اِقْتِصَادُ iqtiṣādu
Accusative	اِقْتِصَادًا iqtiṣādan	الِاقْتِصَادَ al-iqtiṣāda	اِقْتِصَادَ iqtiṣāda
Genitive	اِقْتِصَادٍ iqtiṣādin	الِاقْتِصَادِ al-iqtiṣādi	اِقْتِصَادِ iqtiṣādi

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: iqtisad
• → Bashkir: иҡтисад (iqtisad)
• → Chagatai: اقتصاد
  • Uyghur: ئىقتىساد (iqtisad)
  • Uzbek: iqtisod
• → Crimean Tatar: iqtisat
• → Dhivehi: އިޤްތިޞާދު (iqtişādu)
• → Ottoman Turkish: اقتصاد (iktisâd)
  • Turkish: iktisat
• → Pashto: اقتصاد
• → Persian: اقتصاد (eqtesâd)
  • Tajik: иқтисод (iqtisod)
• → Punjabi: اِقْتِصاد (iqtiṣād)
• → Sindhi: اقتصاد
• → Swahili: iktisadi
• → Tatar: икътисад (iqtisad)
• → Turkmen: ykdysat
• → Urdu: اقتصاد (iqtisād)

References

• Haywood, J.A., Nahmad, H.M. (1965) “اقتصاد”, in A new Arabic grammar, 2^nd edition, London: Lund Humphries, →ISBN

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ق ص د
4 terms

Etymology

From Arabic اِقْتِصَاد (iqtiṣād).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iɡ.ti.ˈsˤaːd/, [ɪq.tɪ.ˈsˤaːd]

Noun

اِقْتِصَاد • (iɡtiṣād) m (plural اِقْتِصَادات (iɡtiṣādāt))

1. economy
2. economics

Usage notes

Both [q] and [g] are common pronunciations.

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِقْتِصَاد (iqtiṣād).

Noun

اقتصاد • (iktisâd)

1. an acting with moderation
2. an inditing a poem (قصیده)

Descendants

• Turkish: iktisat

Further reading

• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “اقتصاد”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 163

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِقْتِصَاد (iqtiṣād).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔiq.ti.ˈsɑːð]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪq.t̪ʰɪ.sɑ́ːd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪq.t̪ʰɪ.sɑ́ːd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪq.t̪ʰɪ.sɑ́ːd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔiq.t̪ʰi.sɔ́ːd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔex.t̪ʰe.sɒ́ːd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔiq.t̪ʰi.sɔ́d̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	iqtisāḏ
Dari reading?	iqtisād
Iranian reading?	eğtesâd
Tajik reading?	iqtisod

Noun

Dari	اقتصاد
Iranian Persian
Tajik	иқтисод

اِقتِصاد • (eqtesâd)

1. economy

Derived terms

• اقتصاد خرد (eqtesâd-e xord)
• اقتصاد کلان (eqtesâd-e kalân)
• اقتصاددان (eqtesâd-dân)
• اقتصادی (eqtesâdi)
• اقتصادیات (eqtesâdiyyat)