تمر
Arabic edit
Etymology 1 edit
As a widely cultivated plant, the native distribution of the date-palm even in earlier antiquity is questionable. Particular terms relating to date culture, like شِيص (šīṣ, “unfecundated dates”), قَسْب (qasb, “dried dates”), and كَافُور (kāfūr, “bract of the inflorescence of the date palm”) can be borrowed. Assuming that ثَمَر (ṯamar, “fruits”), and Old South Arabian 𐩻𐩣𐩧 (ṯmr /ṯamar/, “fruits”), is the same word generalized from an original meaning “dates”, the present word تَمْر (tamr) and Old South Arabian 𐩩𐩣𐩧 (tmr /tamr/, “dates”) are declared, together with Hebrew תָּמָר (tāmār), reborrowed from Aramaic תמרא / ܬܡܪܐ (tamrē, “dates”), in which language only Proto-Semitic *ṯ /θ/ becomes t /t/, and the vowel a is reduced to ə and then ∅ in such position.
Noun edit
تَمْر • (tamr) m (collective, singulative تَمْرَة f (tamra), plural تُمُور (tumūr))
- date (fruit)
Declension edit
Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | تَمْر tamr |
التَّمْر at-tamr |
تَمْر tamr |
Nominative | تَمْرٌ tamrun |
التَّمْرُ at-tamru |
تَمْرُ tamru |
Accusative | تَمْرًا tamran |
التَّمْرَ at-tamra |
تَمْرَ tamra |
Genitive | تَمْرٍ tamrin |
التَّمْرِ at-tamri |
تَمْرِ tamri |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | تَمْرَة tamra |
التَّمْرَة at-tamra |
تَمْرَة tamrat |
Nominative | تَمْرَةٌ tamratun |
التَّمْرَةُ at-tamratu |
تَمْرَةُ tamratu |
Accusative | تَمْرَةً tamratan |
التَّمْرَةَ at-tamrata |
تَمْرَةَ tamrata |
Genitive | تَمْرَةٍ tamratin |
التَّمْرَةِ at-tamrati |
تَمْرَةِ tamrati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | تَمْرَتَيْن tamratayn |
التَّمْرَتَيْن at-tamratayn |
تَمْرَتَيْ tamratay |
Nominative | تَمْرَتَانِ tamratāni |
التَّمْرَتَانِ at-tamratāni |
تَمْرَتَا tamratā |
Accusative | تَمْرَتَيْنِ tamratayni |
التَّمْرَتَيْنِ at-tamratayni |
تَمْرَتَيْ tamratay |
Genitive | تَمْرَتَيْنِ tamratayni |
التَّمْرَتَيْنِ at-tamratayni |
تَمْرَتَيْ tamratay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | تَمْرَات tamrāt |
التَّمْرَات at-tamrāt |
تَمْرَات tamrāt |
Nominative | تَمْرَاتٌ tamrātun |
التَّمْرَاتُ at-tamrātu |
تَمْرَاتُ tamrātu |
Accusative | تَمْرَاتٍ tamrātin |
التَّمْرَاتِ at-tamrāti |
تَمْرَاتِ tamrāti |
Genitive | تَمْرَاتٍ tamrātin |
التَّمْرَاتِ at-tamrāti |
تَمْرَاتِ tamrāti |
Plural of variety | basic broken plural triptote; sound feminine plural | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | تُمُور; تَمَرَات tumūr; tamarāt |
التُّمُور; التَّمَرَات at-tumūr; at-tamarāt |
تُمُور; تَمَرَات tumūr; tamarāt |
Nominative | تُمُورٌ; تَمَرَاتٌ tumūrun; tamarātun |
التُّمُورُ; التَّمَرَاتُ at-tumūru; at-tamarātu |
تُمُورُ; تَمَرَاتُ tumūru; tamarātu |
Accusative | تُمُورًا; تَمَرَاتٍ tumūran; tamarātin |
التُّمُورَ; التَّمَرَاتِ at-tumūra; at-tamarāti |
تُمُورَ; تَمَرَاتِ tumūra; tamarāti |
Genitive | تُمُورٍ; تَمَرَاتٍ tumūrin; tamarātin |
التُّمُورِ; التَّمَرَاتِ at-tumūri; at-tamarāti |
تُمُورِ; تَمَرَاتِ tumūri; tamarāti |
Derived terms edit
- تَمَر هِنْدِيّ (tamar hindiyy, “tamarind”, literally “Indian date”)
Descendants edit
- → Amharic: ተምር (tämər)
- → Argobba: ትምር (təmər)
- → Ge'ez: ተምር (tämr)
- → Gurage: ተምሪ (tämər)
- → Malay: tamar
- → Mehri: تومر (tōmər)
- → Portuguese: tâmara
- → Somali: timir
- → Soqotri: timreh
- → Tigre: ተመር (tämär)
- → Tigrinya: ተምሪ (tämri)
References edit
- Barton, George Aaron (1902) A sketch of Semitic origins, social and religious[1], New York and London: The Macmillan Company, page 76
- Fischer, Theobald (1881) Die Dattelpalme. Ihre geographische Verbreitung und culturhistorische Bedeutung[2] (in German), Gotha: Justus Perthes Verlag
- Guidi, Ignazio (1879) Della sede primitiva dei popoli semitici (in Italian), Rome: Tipi del Salviucci, pages 21–22
- Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 204
- Leslau, Wolf (1991) “tamr ተምር”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 576
- Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden[3] (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 316
- Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden[4] (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 528
- Nöldeke, Theodor (1875) Mandäische Grammatik[5] (in German), Halle: Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, page 107
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
- second-person masculine singular non-past active indicative of مَرَّ (marra)
- third-person feminine singular non-past active indicative of مَرَّ (marra)
Verb edit
- second-person masculine singular non-past active subjunctive of مَرَّ (marra)
- second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of مَرَّ (marra)
- third-person feminine singular non-past active subjunctive of مَرَّ (marra)
- third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive of مَرَّ (marra)
Verb edit
Malay edit
Noun edit
تمر (plural تمر-تمر or تمر۲, informal 1st possessive تمرکو, 2nd possessive تمرمو, 3rd possessive تمرڽ)
Persian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Turkic. Compare Azerbaijani dəmir, Crimean Tatar temir, Tatar timer, Turkish demir.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ta.muɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰæ.moɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰä.muɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | tamur |
Dari reading? | tamur |
Iranian reading? | tamor |
Tajik reading? | tamur |
Noun edit
تمر • (tamor)
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [tamɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰæmɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰämɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | tamr |
Dari reading? | tamr |
Iranian reading? | tamr |
Tajik reading? | tamr |
Noun edit
تمر • (tamr)
Etymology 3 edit
Cognate with Sanskrit तिमिर (timira, “dark, gloomy; darkness”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ti.miɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰe.meɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰi.miɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | timir |
Dari reading? | timir |
Iranian reading? | temer |
Tajik reading? | timir |
Noun edit
تمر • (temer)
South Levantine Arabic edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
تمر • (tamr) m (collective, singulative تمرة f (tamra))
- (uncountable) dried dates
Derived terms edit
- تمر هندي (tamr hindi, “tamarind”)