تمغا

Chagatai

Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *tamga.

Noun

تمغا (tamğa)

1. stamp, pressed mark

Derived terms

• تمغاچی (tamğaçı)

Descendants

• Uyghur:

  Arabic script: تامغا (tamgha)

  Cyrillic script: тамға (tamgha)

  • → Tibetan: ཐམ་ཀ (tham ka)
• Uzbek:

  Cyrillic script: тамға (tamgʻa)

  Latin script: tamgʻa

• → Persian: تمغا (tamğâ)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: तमग़ा (tamġā)

    Urdu: تمغا, تمغہ

  • → Middle Armenian: դամղայ (damġay)
  • → Punjabi: ਤਮਗ਼ਾ (tamġā)

Ottoman Turkish

تمغا

Alternative forms

• طمغا (tamga, damga), طمغه (tamga, damga), طامغه (tamga, damga), دامغه (damga), دمغه (damga)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *tamga (“brand, seal”); cognate with Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰢𐰍𐰀 (tamγa), Azerbaijani damğa, Bashkir тамға (tamğa), Kazakh таңба (tañba), Kyrgyz тамга (tamga), Turkmen tagma, Tuvan таңма (tañma), Uyghur تامغا (tamgha) and Uzbek tamg'a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɑmˈɡɑ/, /dɑmˈɡɑ/

Noun

تمغا • (tamga)

1. stamp, any device used to impress or stamp a design on a surface

   Synonyms: طبع (tabʼ), مهر (mühür)

2. mark, an impressed symbol used to indicate some trait of an item

   Synonym: نشان (nişan)

Derived terms

• ترازو تمغاسی (terazi tamgası, “balance mark”)
• تمغا اورمك (tamga örmek, “to impress a stamp”)
• تمغا رسمی (tamga resimi, “right of stamping”)
• تمغا پولی (tamga pulu, “kind of stamp”)
• تمغاجی (tamgacı, “stamper”)
• تمغاخانه (tamgahane, “stamp office”)
• تمغاسز (tamgasız, “unstamped”)
• تمغالامق (tamgalamak, “to mark with a stamp”)
• تمغالو (tamgalı, “marked with a stamp”)

Descendants

• Gagauz: damga, tamga
• Turkish: damga
• → Arabic: دَمْغَة (damḡa)
• → Bulgarian: дамга́ (damgá)
• → Georgian: დამღა (damɣa) (or from Azerbaijani)
• → Middle Armenian: տամղա (tamġa)
  • Armenian: տամղա (tamġa), դամկա (damka), թամղա (tʻamġa)
• → Romanian: danga
• → Macedonian: дамка (damka)
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: да̏нга

  Latin script: dȁnga

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “damga”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1093
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “تمغا”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 166b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “تمغا”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 402
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Insigne”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 826
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “تمغا”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 1394
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “damga”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “تمغا”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 593

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian تمغا (tamğā), from Chagatai تمغا (tamğā).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /t̪əm.ɣɑː/

Noun

تَمْغا • (tamğā) m (Hindi spelling तमग़ा)

1. tax on travellers, a stamp-tax for imported goods, toll tax
2. medal, decoration, diploma

References

• “تمغا”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “تمغا”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.