جيش

See also: چیش, خیس, چىش, and جیش

Arabic

Etymology

Root
ج ي ش (j y š)
2 terms

Central Semitic isogloss with Aramaic גַּיָּיסָא (gayyāsā), ܓܝܣܐ (gaysā, “troop; band of raiders”), Hebrew גַּיִס (gáyis), גַּיָּיסָא (gayyāsā, “troop; band of invaders”), and Sabaean 𐩴𐩺𐩦 (gys²), 𐩴𐩦 (gs², “unit, detachment”), explained as a derivation from the base verb found in Arabic as جَاشَ (jāša, “to be excited, to be agitated, to storm, to rage”), which means in this context to heave or rise up suddenly, hence inciting troops to action, raise military forces, to muster or rally, to incite a war or raise up arms, and can be further related to Ge'ez ጌሰ (gesä, “to rise early”), ገይስ (gäys, “departure, journey particularly at the beginning of the day”). Can be borrowed from Aramaic into Arabic and Old South Arabian if this happened in a century before the Common Era, when Proto-Semitic ś was still distinguished in Aramaic, for which age this term must be imagined in any case.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒajʃ/
  • (Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɡeːʃ/
  • (Morocco) IPA^(key): /ʒajʃ/, /ʒiːʃ/, (archaic) /ɡiːʃ/

Noun

جَيْش • (jayš) m (plural جُيُوش (juyūš))

1. verbal noun of جَاشَ (jāša)
2. an army, a military force

Declension

Declension of noun جَيْش (jayš)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جَيْش jayš	الْجَيْش al-jayš	جَيْش jayš
nominative	جَيْشٌ jayšun	الْجَيْشُ al-jayšu	جَيْشُ jayšu
accusative	جَيْشًا jayšan	الْجَيْشَ al-jayša	جَيْشَ jayša
genitive	جَيْشٍ jayšin	الْجَيْشِ al-jayši	جَيْشِ jayši
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جَيْشَيْن jayšayn	الْجَيْشَيْن al-jayšayn	جَيْشَيْ jayšay
nominative	جَيْشَانِ jayšāni	الْجَيْشَانِ al-jayšāni	جَيْشَا jayšā
accusative	جَيْشَيْنِ jayšayni	الْجَيْشَيْنِ al-jayšayni	جَيْشَيْ jayšay
genitive	جَيْشَيْنِ jayšayni	الْجَيْشَيْنِ al-jayšayni	جَيْشَيْ jayšay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جُيُوش juyūš	الْجُيُوش al-juyūš	جُيُوش juyūš
nominative	جُيُوشٌ juyūšun	الْجُيُوشُ al-juyūšu	جُيُوشُ juyūšu
accusative	جُيُوشًا juyūšan	الْجُيُوشَ al-juyūša	جُيُوشَ juyūša
genitive	جُيُوشٍ juyūšin	الْجُيُوشِ al-juyūši	جُيُوشِ juyūši

Descendants

• → Swahili: jeshi

References

• “gys²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Bauer, Hans (1915) “Kleine Mitteilungen”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[1] (in German), volume 69, page 566
• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 303
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 238
• Garosi, Eugenio (2022 December 1) “Regional Diversity in the Use of Administrative Loanwords in Early Islamic Arabic Documentary Sources (632–800 CE): A Preliminary Survey”, in Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean World. From Constantinople to Baghdad, 500-1000 CE, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 416
• Lagarde, Paul de (1866) Gesammelte Abhandlungen (in German), Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, page 28
• Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “جيش”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 493-494.
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “جيش”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Verb

جَيَّشَ • (jayyaša) II (non-past يُجَيِّشُ (yujayyišu), verbal noun تَجْيِيش (tajyīš))

1. to mobilize troops

Conjugation

Conjugation of جَيَّشَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَجْيِيش)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَجْيِيش tajyīš
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُجَيِّش mujayyiš
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُجَيَّش mujayyaš
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جَيَّشْتُ jayyaštu	جَيَّشْتَ jayyašta	جَيَّشَ jayyaša		جَيَّشْتُمَا jayyaštumā	جَيَّشَا jayyašā		جَيَّشْنَا jayyašnā	جَيَّشْتُمْ jayyaštum	جَيَّشُوا jayyašū
	f		جَيَّشْتِ jayyašti	جَيَّشَتْ jayyašat			جَيَّشَتَا jayyašatā			جَيَّشْتُنَّ jayyaštunna	جَيَّشْنَ jayyašna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُجَيِّشُ ʔujayyišu	تُجَيِّشُ tujayyišu	يُجَيِّشُ yujayyišu		تُجَيِّشَانِ tujayyišāni	يُجَيِّشَانِ yujayyišāni		نُجَيِّشُ nujayyišu	تُجَيِّشُونَ tujayyišūna	يُجَيِّشُونَ yujayyišūna
	f		تُجَيِّشِينَ tujayyišīna	تُجَيِّشُ tujayyišu			تُجَيِّشَانِ tujayyišāni			تُجَيِّشْنَ tujayyišna	يُجَيِّشْنَ yujayyišna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُجَيِّشَ ʔujayyiša	تُجَيِّشَ tujayyiša	يُجَيِّشَ yujayyiša		تُجَيِّشَا tujayyišā	يُجَيِّشَا yujayyišā		نُجَيِّشَ nujayyiša	تُجَيِّشُوا tujayyišū	يُجَيِّشُوا yujayyišū
	f		تُجَيِّشِي tujayyišī	تُجَيِّشَ tujayyiša			تُجَيِّشَا tujayyišā			تُجَيِّشْنَ tujayyišna	يُجَيِّشْنَ yujayyišna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُجَيِّشْ ʔujayyiš	تُجَيِّشْ tujayyiš	يُجَيِّشْ yujayyiš		تُجَيِّشَا tujayyišā	يُجَيِّشَا yujayyišā		نُجَيِّشْ nujayyiš	تُجَيِّشُوا tujayyišū	يُجَيِّشُوا yujayyišū
	f		تُجَيِّشِي tujayyišī	تُجَيِّشْ tujayyiš			تُجَيِّشَا tujayyišā			تُجَيِّشْنَ tujayyišna	يُجَيِّشْنَ yujayyišna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		جَيِّشْ jayyiš			جَيِّشَا jayyišā				جَيِّشُوا jayyišū
	f		جَيِّشِي jayyišī							جَيِّشْنَ jayyišna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جُيِّشْتُ juyyištu	جُيِّشْتَ juyyišta	جُيِّشَ juyyiša		جُيِّشْتُمَا juyyištumā	جُيِّشَا juyyišā		جُيِّشْنَا juyyišnā	جُيِّشْتُمْ juyyištum	جُيِّشُوا juyyišū
	f		جُيِّشْتِ juyyišti	جُيِّشَتْ juyyišat			جُيِّشَتَا juyyišatā			جُيِّشْتُنَّ juyyištunna	جُيِّشْنَ juyyišna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُجَيَّشُ ʔujayyašu	تُجَيَّشُ tujayyašu	يُجَيَّشُ yujayyašu		تُجَيَّشَانِ tujayyašāni	يُجَيَّشَانِ yujayyašāni		نُجَيَّشُ nujayyašu	تُجَيَّشُونَ tujayyašūna	يُجَيَّشُونَ yujayyašūna
	f		تُجَيَّشِينَ tujayyašīna	تُجَيَّشُ tujayyašu			تُجَيَّشَانِ tujayyašāni			تُجَيَّشْنَ tujayyašna	يُجَيَّشْنَ yujayyašna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُجَيَّشَ ʔujayyaša	تُجَيَّشَ tujayyaša	يُجَيَّشَ yujayyaša		تُجَيَّشَا tujayyašā	يُجَيَّشَا yujayyašā		نُجَيَّشَ nujayyaša	تُجَيَّشُوا tujayyašū	يُجَيَّشُوا yujayyašū
	f		تُجَيَّشِي tujayyašī	تُجَيَّشَ tujayyaša			تُجَيَّشَا tujayyašā			تُجَيَّشْنَ tujayyašna	يُجَيَّشْنَ yujayyašna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُجَيَّشْ ʔujayyaš	تُجَيَّشْ tujayyaš	يُجَيَّشْ yujayyaš		تُجَيَّشَا tujayyašā	يُجَيَّشَا yujayyašā		نُجَيَّشْ nujayyaš	تُجَيَّشُوا tujayyašū	يُجَيَّشُوا yujayyašū
	f		تُجَيَّشِي tujayyašī	تُجَيَّشْ tujayyaš			تُجَيَّشَا tujayyašā			تُجَيَّشْنَ tujayyašna	يُجَيَّشْنَ yujayyašna

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ج ي ش
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic جَيْش (jayš).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒeːʃ/, [d͡ʒe̞ːʃ], [ʒe̞ːʃ]

Noun

جيش • (jēš) m (plural جيوش (juyūš))

1. an army, a military force