حريف

See also: خريف, حریق, حریف, and حريق

Arabic

Etymology 1

From حَرْف (ḥarf, “sharp edge”) from the root ح ر ف (ḥ r f), or probably from Aramaic חריף / ܚܪܝܦ (ḥarrīp̄) found in broader meaning, also literally “sharp”, of smell, high-pitched voices, “current” in application to a silver coin etc., from the cognate root ח־ר־ף / ܚ ܪ ܦ related to sharpness, probably related to Proto-Semitic *x̣arb- (“sharp blade”) whence Arabic حَرْب (ḥarb, “war”), حَرْبَة (ḥarba, “spear”), and also conceivable in the source of Aramaic-borrowed حُرْف (ḥurf, “cress”), since cress is described as of mustard- to radish-like, slightly pungent to peppery taste and smell.

Compare also Hebrew חריף (kharíf, “spicy, sharp”).

Adjective

حِرِّيف • (ḥirrīf)

1. pungent, acrid (taste)
   • 850–861, علي بن سهل ربن الطبري [ʿAlī ibn Sahl Rabban aṭ-Ṭabarī], edited by Oliver Kahl, ʿAlī ibn Sahl Rabban aṭ-Ṭabarī’s Health Regimen or “Book of the Pearl” كتاب اللؤلؤة (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies; 115), Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →ISBN, § 80–81, page 102:

     إن من أراد الصحة فينبغي أن يقوم من نومه في السُبْع الأخير من الليل وليسبغ وُضُوءَه ويلبس أنظف ثيابه ويبدأ بحمد الله والتضرع إليه في حاجاته. ويستاك من أشجار مُرّة أو حِرِّيفة.

     He who desires to stay healthy should rise from sleep in the last seventh of the night, expand into a proper ablution, put on his tidiest garment, and begin by praising God and imploring him to provide help when needs befall. He cleans his teeth with a twig from bitter or pungent trees.

Declension

Declension of adjective حِرِّيف (ḥirrīf)

singular	masculine		feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
informal	حِرِّيف ḥirrīf	الْحِرِّيف al-ḥirrīf	حِرِّيفَة ḥirrīfa	الْحِرِّيفَة al-ḥirrīfa
nominative	حِرِّيفٌ ḥirrīfun	الْحِرِّيفُ al-ḥirrīfu	حِرِّيفَةٌ ḥirrīfatun	الْحِرِّيفَةُ al-ḥirrīfatu
accusative	حِرِّيفًا ḥirrīfan	الْحِرِّيفَ al-ḥirrīfa	حِرِّيفَةً ḥirrīfatan	الْحِرِّيفَةَ al-ḥirrīfata
genitive	حِرِّيفٍ ḥirrīfin	الْحِرِّيفِ al-ḥirrīfi	حِرِّيفَةٍ ḥirrīfatin	الْحِرِّيفَةِ al-ḥirrīfati
dual	masculine		feminine
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
informal	حِرِّيفَيْن ḥirrīfayn	الْحِرِّيفَيْن al-ḥirrīfayn	حِرِّيفَتَيْن ḥirrīfatayn	الْحِرِّيفَتَيْن al-ḥirrīfatayn
nominative	حِرِّيفَانِ ḥirrīfāni	الْحِرِّيفَانِ al-ḥirrīfāni	حِرِّيفَتَانِ ḥirrīfatāni	الْحِرِّيفَتَانِ al-ḥirrīfatāni
accusative	حِرِّيفَيْنِ ḥirrīfayni	الْحِرِّيفَيْنِ al-ḥirrīfayni	حِرِّيفَتَيْنِ ḥirrīfatayni	الْحِرِّيفَتَيْنِ al-ḥirrīfatayni
genitive	حِرِّيفَيْنِ ḥirrīfayni	الْحِرِّيفَيْنِ al-ḥirrīfayni	حِرِّيفَتَيْنِ ḥirrīfatayni	الْحِرِّيفَتَيْنِ al-ḥirrīfatayni
plural	masculine		feminine
	sound masculine plural		sound feminine plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
informal	حِرِّيفِين ḥirrīfīn	الْحِرِّيفِين al-ḥirrīfīn	حِرِّيفَات ḥirrīfāt	الْحِرِّيفَات al-ḥirrīfāt
nominative	حِرِّيفُونَ ḥirrīfūna	الْحِرِّيفُونَ al-ḥirrīfūna	حِرِّيفَاتٌ ḥirrīfātun	الْحِرِّيفَاتُ al-ḥirrīfātu
accusative	حِرِّيفِينَ ḥirrīfīna	الْحِرِّيفِينَ al-ḥirrīfīna	حِرِّيفَاتٍ ḥirrīfātin	الْحِرِّيفَاتِ al-ḥirrīfāti
genitive	حِرِّيفِينَ ḥirrīfīna	الْحِرِّيفِينَ al-ḥirrīfīna	حِرِّيفَاتٍ ḥirrīfātin	الْحِرِّيفَاتِ al-ḥirrīfāti

Noun

حِرِّيف • (ḥirrīf) m (plural حِرِّيفَات (ḥirrīfāt))

1. (usually in the plural) spicy food, delicacies

Declension

Declension of noun حِرِّيف (ḥirrīf)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	حِرِّيف ḥirrīf	الْحِرِّيف al-ḥirrīf	حِرِّيف ḥirrīf
nominative	حِرِّيفٌ ḥirrīfun	الْحِرِّيفُ al-ḥirrīfu	حِرِّيفُ ḥirrīfu
accusative	حِرِّيفًا ḥirrīfan	الْحِرِّيفَ al-ḥirrīfa	حِرِّيفَ ḥirrīfa
genitive	حِرِّيفٍ ḥirrīfin	الْحِرِّيفِ al-ḥirrīfi	حِرِّيفِ ḥirrīfi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	حِرِّيفَيْن ḥirrīfayn	الْحِرِّيفَيْن al-ḥirrīfayn	حِرِّيفَيْ ḥirrīfay
nominative	حِرِّيفَانِ ḥirrīfāni	الْحِرِّيفَانِ al-ḥirrīfāni	حِرِّيفَا ḥirrīfā
accusative	حِرِّيفَيْنِ ḥirrīfayni	الْحِرِّيفَيْنِ al-ḥirrīfayni	حِرِّيفَيْ ḥirrīfay
genitive	حِرِّيفَيْنِ ḥirrīfayni	الْحِرِّيفَيْنِ al-ḥirrīfayni	حِرِّيفَيْ ḥirrīfay
plural	sound feminine plural
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	حِرِّيفَات ḥirrīfāt	الْحِرِّيفَات al-ḥirrīfāt	حِرِّيفَات ḥirrīfāt
nominative	حِرِّيفَاتٌ ḥirrīfātun	الْحِرِّيفَاتُ al-ḥirrīfātu	حِرِّيفَاتُ ḥirrīfātu
accusative	حِرِّيفَاتٍ ḥirrīfātin	الْحِرِّيفَاتِ al-ḥirrīfāti	حِرِّيفَاتِ ḥirrīfāti
genitive	حِرِّيفَاتٍ ḥirrīfātin	الْحِرِّيفَاتِ al-ḥirrīfāti	حِرِّيفَاتِ ḥirrīfāti

Etymology 2

Root
ح ر ف (ḥ r f)
13 terms

Compare اِحْتَرَفَ (iḥtarafa, “to do professionally”).

Noun

حَرِيف • (ḥarīf) m (plural حُرَفَاء (ḥurafāʔ))

1. (Tunisia, Morocco) customer, patron, client

   Synonym: زَبُون (zabūn)

Declension

Declension of noun حَرِيف (ḥarīf)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	حَرِيف ḥarīf	الْحَرِيف al-ḥarīf	حَرِيف ḥarīf
nominative	حَرِيفٌ ḥarīfun	الْحَرِيفُ al-ḥarīfu	حَرِيفُ ḥarīfu
accusative	حَرِيفًا ḥarīfan	الْحَرِيفَ al-ḥarīfa	حَرِيفَ ḥarīfa
genitive	حَرِيفٍ ḥarīfin	الْحَرِيفِ al-ḥarīfi	حَرِيفِ ḥarīfi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	حَرِيفَيْن ḥarīfayn	الْحَرِيفَيْن al-ḥarīfayn	حَرِيفَيْ ḥarīfay
nominative	حَرِيفَانِ ḥarīfāni	الْحَرِيفَانِ al-ḥarīfāni	حَرِيفَا ḥarīfā
accusative	حَرِيفَيْنِ ḥarīfayni	الْحَرِيفَيْنِ al-ḥarīfayni	حَرِيفَيْ ḥarīfay
genitive	حَرِيفَيْنِ ḥarīfayni	الْحَرِيفَيْنِ al-ḥarīfayni	حَرِيفَيْ ḥarīfay
plural	basic broken plural diptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	حُرَفَاء ḥurafāʔ	الْحُرَفَاء al-ḥurafāʔ	حُرَفَاء ḥurafāʔ
nominative	حُرَفَاءُ ḥurafāʔu	الْحُرَفَاءُ al-ḥurafāʔu	حُرَفَاءُ ḥurafāʔu
accusative	حُرَفَاءَ ḥurafāʔa	الْحُرَفَاءَ al-ḥurafāʔa	حُرَفَاءَ ḥurafāʔa
genitive	حُرَفَاءَ ḥurafāʔa	الْحُرَفَاءِ al-ḥurafāʔi	حُرَفَاءِ ḥurafāʔi

Descendants

• → Karakhanid: حريف
• → Old Anatolian Turkish: حریف (ḥärīf)
  • Azerbaijani: hərif
  • Gagauz: erif
  • Ottoman Turkish: حریف (herif, harif)
    • Turkish: herif
    • → Armenian: հարիֆ (harif)
• → Persian: حریف (harif)