خطيئة
Arabic edit
Etymology edit
Belongs to the root خ ط ء (ḵ-ṭ-ʔ), from which the verb form I خَطِئَ (ḵaṭiʔa, “to err”). Schwally proposed that this concrete noun – and Ge'ez ኀጢአት (ḫäṭiʾät, “sin”) – is borrowed from Classical Syriac ܚܛܝܬܐ (ḥəṭīṯɑ, ḥəṭʾīṯɑ, “sin”). This seems likely as there must be in Geʿez a borrowing because the root there means “to lack, to be in want”.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
خَطِيئَة • (ḵaṭīʔa) f (plural خَطِيئَات (ḵaṭīʔāt) or خَطَايَا (ḵaṭāyā))
- (countable) sin, offense, fault, act of disobedience for which one deserves punishment
- (uncountable, especially Christianity) sin as a continuing state
- يَعِيشُ فِي الخَطِيئة. ― yaʕīšu fī l-ḵaṭīʔa. ― He’s living in sin.
Declension edit
Declension of noun خَطِيئَة (ḵaṭīʔa)
| Singular | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | خَطِيئَة ḵaṭīʔa |
الْخَطِيئَة al-ḵaṭīʔa |
خَطِيئَة ḵaṭīʔat |
| Nominative | خَطِيئَةٌ ḵaṭīʔatun |
الْخَطِيئَةُ al-ḵaṭīʔatu |
خَطِيئَةُ ḵaṭīʔatu |
| Accusative | خَطِيئَةً ḵaṭīʔatan |
الْخَطِيئَةَ al-ḵaṭīʔata |
خَطِيئَةَ ḵaṭīʔata |
| Genitive | خَطِيئَةٍ ḵaṭīʔatin |
الْخَطِيئَةِ al-ḵaṭīʔati |
خَطِيئَةِ ḵaṭīʔati |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | خَطِيئَتَيْن ḵaṭīʔatayn |
الْخَطِيئَتَيْن al-ḵaṭīʔatayn |
خَطِيئَتَيْ ḵaṭīʔatay |
| Nominative | خَطِيئَتَانِ ḵaṭīʔatāni |
الْخَطِيئَتَانِ al-ḵaṭīʔatāni |
خَطِيئَتَا ḵaṭīʔatā |
| Accusative | خَطِيئَتَيْنِ ḵaṭīʔatayni |
الْخَطِيئَتَيْنِ al-ḵaṭīʔatayni |
خَطِيئَتَيْ ḵaṭīʔatay |
| Genitive | خَطِيئَتَيْنِ ḵaṭīʔatayni |
الْخَطِيئَتَيْنِ al-ḵaṭīʔatayni |
خَطِيئَتَيْ ḵaṭīʔatay |
| Plural | sound feminine plural; broken plural invariable | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | خَطِيئَات; خَطَايَا ḵaṭīʔāt; ḵaṭāyā |
الْخَطِيئَات; الْخَطَايَا al-ḵaṭīʔāt; al-ḵaṭāyā |
خَطِيئَات; خَطَايَا ḵaṭīʔāt; ḵaṭāyā |
| Nominative | خَطِيئَاتٌ; خَطَايَا ḵaṭīʔātun; ḵaṭāyā |
الْخَطِيئَاتُ; الْخَطَايَا al-ḵaṭīʔātu; al-ḵaṭāyā |
خَطِيئَاتُ; خَطَايَا ḵaṭīʔātu; ḵaṭāyā |
| Accusative | خَطِيئَاتٍ; خَطَايَا ḵaṭīʔātin; ḵaṭāyā |
الْخَطِيئَاتِ; الْخَطَايَا al-ḵaṭīʔāti; al-ḵaṭāyā |
خَطِيئَاتِ; خَطَايَا ḵaṭīʔāti; ḵaṭāyā |
| Genitive | خَطِيئَاتٍ; خَطَايَا ḵaṭīʔātin; ḵaṭāyā |
الْخَطِيئَاتِ; الْخَطَايَا al-ḵaṭīʔāti; al-ḵaṭāyā |
خَطِيئَاتِ; خَطَايَا ḵaṭīʔāti; ḵaṭāyā |
Alternative forms edit
- خَطِيَّة (ḵaṭiyya)
Related terms edit
- خَطِيئَة أَصْلِيَّة (ḵaṭīʔa ʔaṣliyya, “original sin”)
References edit
- Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 268
- Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft[1] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 36
- Schwally, Friedrich (1898) “Lexikalische Studien”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft[2] (in German), volume 52, page 132