عشق
Arabic edit
Etymology edit
From the root ع ش ق (ʕ-š-q).
Pronunciation 1 edit
Noun edit
عِشْق • (ʕišq) m
- verbal noun of عَشِقَ (ʕašiqa) (form I)
- liking with desire(lust), being in love; romantic love (particularly when very strong)
- عِشْقِي لَكِ كَالْوَرْدِ فِي حَدِيقَةِ قَلْبِي، يَنْمُو بِجَمَالٍ وَرَائِحَةٍ تَمْلَأ كُلِّ الزَّوَايَا.
- ʕišqī laki kālwardi fī ḥadīqati qalbī, yanmū bijamālin warāʔiḥatin tamlaʔ kulli z-zawāyā.
- My love for you is like a rose in the garden of my heart, it grows with beauty and a fragrance that fills every corner.
- 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi, ديوان أبي الطيب المتنبي, volume 2:
- لِعَيْنَيْكِ مَا يَلْقَى ٱلْفُؤَادُ وَمَا لَقِي / وَلِلْحُبِّ مَا لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنِّي وَمَا بَقِي / وَمَا كُنْتُ مِِمَّنْ يَدْخُلُ ٱلْعِشْقُ قَلْبَهُ / وَلَٰكِنَّ مَنْ يُبْصِرْ جُفُونَكِ يَعْشَقِ
- liʕaynayki mā yalqā l-fuʔādu wamā laqī / walilḥubbi mā lam yabqa minnī wamā baqī / wamā kuntu miimman yadḵulu l-ʕišqu qalbahu / walākinna man yubṣir jufūnaki yaʕšaqi
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- passion
Declension edit
Declension of noun عِشْق (ʕišq)
Descendants edit
- Maltese: għaxqa
- → Azerbaijani: eşq
- → Bashkir: ғишыҡ (ğişıq)
- → Ottoman Turkish: عشق (ʿaşḳ)
- > Turkish: aşk (inherited)
- → Persian: عِشْق ('ešq)
- → Uyghur: ئىشق (ishq)
- → Uzbek: ishq
Pronunciation 2 edit
Verb edit
عَشِقَ • (ʕašiqa) I, non-past يَعْشَقُ (yaʕšaqu)
- to fall in love; to love excessively; to adore
- 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi, ديوان أبي الطيب المتنبي, volume 2:
- لِعَيْنَيْكِ مَا يَلْقَى ٱلْفُؤَادُ وَمَا لَقِي / وَلِلْحُبِّ مَا لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنِّي وَمَا بَقِي / وَمَا كُنْتُ مِِمَّنْ يَدْخُلُ ٱلْعِشْقُ قَلْبَهُ / وَلَٰكِنَّ مَنْ يُبْصِرْ جُفُونَكِ يَعْشَقِ
- liʕaynayki mā yalqā l-fuʔādu wamā laqī / walilḥubbi mā lam yabqa minnī wamā baqī / wamā kuntu miimman yadḵulu l-ʕišqu qalbahu / walākinna man yubṣir jufūnaki yaʕšaqi
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of
عَشِقَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun عِشْق)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
عِشْق ʕišq | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
ʕāšiq | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
maʕšūq | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕašiqtu |
ʕašiqta |
عَشِقَ ʕašiqa |
ʕašiqtumā |
ʕašiqā |
ʕašiqnā |
ʕašiqtum |
ʕašiqū | |||
f | ʕašiqti |
ʕašiqat |
ʕašiqatā |
ʕašiqtunna |
ʕašiqna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔaʕšaqu |
taʕšaqu |
yaʕšaqu |
taʕšaqāni |
yaʕšaqāni |
naʕšaqu |
taʕšaqūna |
yaʕšaqūna | |||
f | taʕšaqīna |
taʕšaqu |
taʕšaqāni |
taʕšaqna |
yaʕšaqna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔaʕšaqa |
taʕšaqa |
yaʕšaqa |
taʕšaqā |
yaʕšaqā |
naʕšaqa |
taʕšaqū |
yaʕšaqū | |||
f | taʕšaqī |
taʕšaqa |
taʕšaqā |
taʕšaqna |
yaʕšaqna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔaʕšaq |
taʕšaq |
yaʕšaq |
taʕšaqā |
yaʕšaqā |
naʕšaq |
taʕšaqū |
yaʕšaqū | |||
f | taʕšaqī |
taʕšaq |
taʕšaqā |
taʕšaqna |
yaʕšaqna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | iʕšaq |
iʕšaqā |
iʕšaqū |
||||||||
f | iʕšaqī |
iʕšaqna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕušiqtu |
ʕušiqta |
عُشِقَ ʕušiqa |
ʕušiqtumā |
ʕušiqā |
ʕušiqnā |
ʕušiqtum |
ʕušiqū | |||
f | ʕušiqti |
ʕušiqat |
ʕušiqatā |
ʕušiqtunna |
ʕušiqna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuʕšaqu |
tuʕšaqu |
yuʕšaqu |
tuʕšaqāni |
yuʕšaqāni |
nuʕšaqu |
tuʕšaqūna |
yuʕšaqūna | |||
f | tuʕšaqīna |
tuʕšaqu |
tuʕšaqāni |
tuʕšaqna |
yuʕšaqna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuʕšaqa |
tuʕšaqa |
yuʕšaqa |
tuʕšaqā |
yuʕšaqā |
nuʕšaqa |
tuʕšaqū |
yuʕšaqū | |||
f | tuʕšaqī |
tuʕšaqa |
tuʕšaqā |
tuʕšaqna |
yuʕšaqna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuʕšaq |
tuʕšaq |
yuʕšaq |
tuʕšaqā |
yuʕšaqā |
nuʕšaq |
tuʕšaqū |
yuʕšaqū | |||
f | tuʕšaqī |
tuʕšaq |
tuʕšaqā |
tuʕšaqna |
yuʕšaqna |
Pronunciation 3 edit
Verb edit
عَشَّقَ • (ʕaššaqa) II, non-past يُعَشِّقُ (yuʕaššiqu)
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of
عَشَّقَ
(form-II sound)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
taʕšīq | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
muʕaššiq | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
muʕaššaq | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕaššaqtu |
ʕaššaqta |
عَشَّقَ ʕaššaqa |
ʕaššaqtumā |
ʕaššaqā |
ʕaššaqnā |
ʕaššaqtum |
ʕaššaqū | |||
f | ʕaššaqti |
ʕaššaqat |
ʕaššaqatā |
ʕaššaqtunna |
ʕaššaqna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuʕaššiqu |
tuʕaššiqu |
yuʕaššiqu |
tuʕaššiqāni |
yuʕaššiqāni |
nuʕaššiqu |
tuʕaššiqūna |
yuʕaššiqūna | |||
f | tuʕaššiqīna |
tuʕaššiqu |
tuʕaššiqāni |
tuʕaššiqna |
yuʕaššiqna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuʕaššiqa |
tuʕaššiqa |
yuʕaššiqa |
tuʕaššiqā |
yuʕaššiqā |
nuʕaššiqa |
tuʕaššiqū |
yuʕaššiqū | |||
f | tuʕaššiqī |
tuʕaššiqa |
tuʕaššiqā |
tuʕaššiqna |
yuʕaššiqna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuʕaššiq |
tuʕaššiq |
yuʕaššiq |
tuʕaššiqā |
yuʕaššiqā |
nuʕaššiq |
tuʕaššiqū |
yuʕaššiqū | |||
f | tuʕaššiqī |
tuʕaššiq |
tuʕaššiqā |
tuʕaššiqna |
yuʕaššiqna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | عَشِّقْ ʕaššiq |
ʕaššiqā |
ʕaššiqū |
||||||||
f | ʕaššiqī |
ʕaššiqna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕuššiqtu |
ʕuššiqta |
عُشِّقَ ʕuššiqa |
ʕuššiqtumā |
ʕuššiqā |
ʕuššiqnā |
ʕuššiqtum |
ʕuššiqū | |||
f | ʕuššiqti |
ʕuššiqat |
ʕuššiqatā |
ʕuššiqtunna |
ʕuššiqna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuʕaššaqu |
tuʕaššaqu |
yuʕaššaqu |
tuʕaššaqāni |
yuʕaššaqāni |
nuʕaššaqu |
tuʕaššaqūna |
yuʕaššaqūna | |||
f | tuʕaššaqīna |
tuʕaššaqu |
tuʕaššaqāni |
tuʕaššaqna |
yuʕaššaqna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuʕaššaqa |
tuʕaššaqa |
yuʕaššaqa |
tuʕaššaqā |
yuʕaššaqā |
nuʕaššaqa |
tuʕaššaqū |
yuʕaššaqū | |||
f | tuʕaššaqī |
tuʕaššaqa |
tuʕaššaqā |
tuʕaššaqna |
yuʕaššaqna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuʕaššaq |
tuʕaššaq |
yuʕaššaq |
tuʕaššaqā |
yuʕaššaqā |
nuʕaššaq |
tuʕaššaqū |
yuʕaššaqū | |||
f | tuʕaššaqī |
tuʕaššaq |
tuʕaššaqā |
tuʕaššaqna |
yuʕaššaqna |
Hijazi Arabic edit
Root |
---|
ع ش ق |
2 terms |
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
عِشْق • (ʕišg) m
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
عِشِق • (ʕišig) I (non-past يِعْشَق (yiʕšag))
- to fall in love; to love excessively; to adore
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of عشق (ʕišig) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | عشقت (ʕišigt) | عشقت (ʕišigt) | عشق (ʕišig) | عشقنا (ʕišigna) | عشقتوا (ʕišigtu) | عشقوا (ʕišgu) | |
f | عشقتي (ʕišigti) | عشقت (ʕišgat) | ||||||
non-past | m | أعشق (ʔaʕšag) | تعشق (tiʕšag) | يعشق (yiʕšag) | نعشق (niʕšag) | تعشقوا (tiʕšagu) | يعشقوا (yiʕšagu) | |
f | تعشقي (tiʕšagi) | تعشق (tiʕšag) | ||||||
imperative | m | اعشق (aʕšag) | اعشقوا (aʕšagu) | |||||
f | اعشقي (aʕšagi) |
Etymology 3 edit
From Arabic عَشَّقَ (ʕaššaqa).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
عَشَّق • (ʕaššag) II (non-past يِعَشِّق (yiʕaššig))
- to connect (used with vehicle's gear)
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of عشق (ʕaššag) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | عشقت (ʕaššagt) | عشقت (ʕaššagt) | عشق (ʕaššag) | عشقنا (ʕaššagna) | عشقتوا (ʕaššagtu) | عشقوا (ʕaššagu) | |
f | عشقتي (ʕaššagti) | عشقت (ʕaššagat) | ||||||
non-past | m | أعشق (ʔaʕaššig) | تعشق (tiʕaššig) | يعشق (yiʕaššig) | نعشق (niʕaššig) | تعشقوا (tiʕaššigu) | يعشقوا (yiʕaššigu) | |
f | تعشقي (tiʕaššigi) | تعشق (tiʕaššig) | ||||||
imperative | m | عشق (ʕaššig) | عشقوا (ʕaššigu) | |||||
f | عشقي (ʕaššigi) |
Persian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Arabic عِشْق (ʕišq, “love, passion”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔiʃq]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔeʃɢ̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔiʃq]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | išq |
Dari reading? | išq |
Iranian reading? | ešğ |
Tajik reading? | išq |
Audio (Iran) (file)
Noun edit
Dari | عشق |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | ишқ |
عِشْق • ('ešq) (plural عشقها ('ešq-hâ))
- love (romantic emotion); passion
- دَرْدِ عِشْق ― dard-e 'ešq ― pain of love
- late 14th century, Xāja Shams-ud-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī, “اگر آن ترک شیرازی به دست آرد دل ما را (Shirazi Turk)”, in دیوان حافظ:
- ز عشق ناتمام ما جمال یار مستغنی است
- ze 'ešq-e nâtamâm-e mâ jamâl-e yâr mostağni ast
- Of my imperfect love the glory of the beloved is independent
- 1915, محمود طرزی (Mahmud Tarzi), translated by Wali Ahmadi (Modern Persian Literature in Afghanistan), پراکنده: مجموعه اشعار [Collection of Scatted Poems], Kabul: 'Ināyat Press:
- هر کس که دل به عشق وطن کرد مبتلا، ایمان و عقل و دین نشود هیچ از و جدا.
- har kas ke del be 'ešq-e vatan kard mobtalâ, imân o 'aql o din na-šavad hič az u jodâ.
- That one who is ever consumed by love for his homeland: faith, reason, and belief shall never abandon him.
- one's love, the beloved
- عِشْقِ مَن ― 'ešq-e man ― my love
Usage notes edit
- Unlike the Arabic word, Persian عشق does not have an overtone of “excessive” or “crazy love”.
Derived terms edit
- عشقی ('ešqi)
(others)
South Levantine Arabic edit
Root |
---|
ع ش ق |
1 term |
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
عشق • (ʕišiʔ) I (present بعشق (biʕšaʔ))
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of عشق (ʕišiʔ) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | عشقت (ʕšiʔt) | عشقت (ʕšiʔt) | عشق (ʕišiʔ) | عشقنا (ʕšiʔna) | عشقتو (ʕšiʔtu) | عشقو (ʕišʔu) | |
f | عشقتي (ʕšiʔti) | عشقت (ʕišʔat) | ||||||
present | m | بعشق (baʕšaʔ) | بتعشق (btiʕšaʔ) | بعشق (biʕšaʔ) | منعشق (mniʕšaʔ) | بتعشقو (btiʕšaʔu) | بعشقو (biʕšaʔu) | |
f | بتعشقي (btiʕšaʔi) | بتعشق (btiʕšaʔ) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | أعشق (ʔaʕšaʔ) | تعشق (tiʕšaʔ) | يعشق (yiʕšaʔ) | نعشق (niʕšaʔ) | تعشقو (tiʕšaʔu) | يعشقو (yiʕšaʔu) | |
f | تعشقي (tiʕšaʔi) | تعشق (tiʕšaʔ) | ||||||
imperative | m | اعشق (iʕšaʔ) | اعشقو (iʕšaʔu) | |||||
f | اعشقي (iʕšaʔi) |
Etymology 2 edit
Learned borrowing from Arabic عِشْق (ʕišq).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
عشق • (ʕišq) m
- love, passion, infatuation
- Synonym: غرام (ḡarām)
See also edit
Urdu edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian عشق (išq), from Arabic عِشْق (ʕišq, “love, passion”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /(ʔ)ɪʃq/
Audio (PK) (file) - Rhymes: -ɪʃq
Noun edit
عِشْق • ('iśq) m (Hindi spelling इश्क़)
- love
- (figuratively) passion
- Synonym: جَذْبَہ (jazba)
Declension edit
Declension of عشق | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | عِشْق ('iśq) | عِشْق ('iśq) |
oblique | عِشْق ('iśq) | عِشْقوں ('iśqō̃) |
vocative | عِشْق ('iśq) | عِشْقو ('iśqō) |