قان
Arabic edit
Etymology 1 edit
From the root ق ي ن (q-y-n), or denominal verb of قَيْن (qayn, “smith”), an ur-Semitic noun.
Verb edit
قَانَ • (qāna) I, non-past يَقِينُ (yaqīnu)
Conjugation edit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
qayn | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
qāʔin | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
maqīn | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | qintu |
qinta |
قَانَ qāna |
qintumā |
qānā |
qinnā |
qintum |
qānū | |||
f | qinti |
qānat |
qānatā |
qintunna |
qinna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔaqīnu |
taqīnu |
yaqīnu |
taqīnāni |
yaqīnāni |
naqīnu |
taqīnūna |
yaqīnūna | |||
f | taqīnīna |
taqīnu |
taqīnāni |
taqinna |
yaqinna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔaqīna |
taqīna |
yaqīna |
taqīnā |
yaqīnā |
naqīna |
taqīnū |
yaqīnū | |||
f | taqīnī |
taqīna |
taqīnā |
taqinna |
yaqinna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔaqin |
taqin |
yaqin |
taqīnā |
yaqīnā |
naqin |
taqīnū |
yaqīnū | |||
f | taqīnī |
taqin |
taqīnā |
taqinna |
yaqinna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | qin |
qīnā |
qīnū |
||||||||
f | qīnī |
qinna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | qintu |
qinta |
qīna |
qintumā |
qīnā |
qinnā |
qintum |
qīnū | |||
f | qinti |
qīnat |
qīnatā |
qintunna |
qinna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuqānu |
tuqānu |
yuqānu |
tuqānāni |
yuqānāni |
nuqānu |
tuqānūna |
yuqānūna | |||
f | tuqānīna |
tuqānu |
tuqānāni |
tuqanna |
yuqanna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuqāna |
tuqāna |
yuqāna |
tuqānā |
yuqānā |
nuqāna |
tuqānū |
yuqānū | |||
f | tuqānī |
tuqāna |
tuqānā |
tuqanna |
yuqanna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuqan |
tuqan |
yuqan |
tuqānā |
yuqānā |
nuqan |
tuqānū |
yuqānū | |||
f | tuqānī |
tuqan |
tuqānā |
tuqanna |
yuqanna |
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
قَان • (qān) m
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular diptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | — | قَان qān |
— |
Nominative | — | قَانُ qānu |
— |
Accusative | — | قَانَ qāna |
— |
Genitive | — | قَانَ qāna |
— |
Etymology 3 edit
Derived from the active participle of قَنَا (qanā, “to reach out to, to acquire”).
Noun edit
قانٍ • (qānin) m (plural قَانِيَة (qāniya))
Declension edit
Singular | singular triptote in ـٍ (-in) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | قانِي qānī |
الْقانِي al-qānī |
قانِي qānī |
Nominative | قانٍ qānin |
الْقانِي al-qānī |
قانِي qānī |
Accusative | قانِيًا qāniyan |
الْقانِيَ al-qāniya |
قانِيَ qāniya |
Genitive | قانٍ qānin |
الْقانِي al-qānī |
قانِي qānī |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | قانِيَيْن qāniyayn |
الْقانِيَيْن al-qāniyayn |
قانِيَيْ qāniyay |
Nominative | قانِيَانِ qāniyāni |
الْقانِيَانِ al-qāniyāni |
قانِيَا qāniyā |
Accusative | قانِيَيْنِ qāniyayni |
الْقانِيَيْنِ al-qāniyayni |
قانِيَيْ qāniyay |
Genitive | قانِيَيْنِ qāniyayni |
الْقانِيَيْنِ al-qāniyayni |
قانِيَيْ qāniyay |
Plural | broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | قَانِيَة qāniya |
الْقَانِيَة al-qāniya |
قَانِيَة qāniyat |
Nominative | قَانِيَةٌ qāniyatun |
الْقَانِيَةُ al-qāniyatu |
قَانِيَةُ qāniyatu |
Accusative | قَانِيَةً qāniyatan |
الْقَانِيَةَ al-qāniyata |
قَانِيَةَ qāniyata |
Genitive | قَانِيَةٍ qāniyatin |
الْقَانِيَةِ al-qāniyati |
قَانِيَةِ qāniyati |
Etymology 4 edit
Apparently borrowed from Khorezmian Turkic, from Proto-Turkic *kiān (“blood”).
Noun edit
قَان • (qān) m
- (obsolete, only genitive attribute of أَحْمَر (ʔaḥmar, “red”)) blood
- 975–997, محمد بن أحمد الخوارزمي [muḥammad ibn ʕaḥmad al-ḵwārizmī], edited by Gerlof van Vloten, مفاتيح العلوم [mafātīḥ al-ʕulūm], Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1895, pages 169 line 12–170 line 2:
- الَوْرْس يجلب من اليمن أحمر قانٍ يوجد على قشور شجر ينحت منها ويجمع وهو شبيه بالزعفران المسحوق
- Wars is imported from Yemen, blood-red, produces a tree-rind hewn out and collected and it is similar to brayed saffron.
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular diptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | — | أَحْمَر قَان ʔaḥmar qān |
— |
Nominative | — | أَحْمَرُ قَانٍ ʔaḥmaru qānin |
— |
Accusative | — | أَحْمَرَ قَانٍ ʔaḥmara qānin |
— |
Genitive | — | أَحْمَرِ قَانٍ ʔaḥmari qānin |
— |
Etymology 5 edit
Unknown, probably an Old South Arabian borrowing, possibly related to قَنَا (qanā), قَنَى (qanā, “to acquire, to obtain”), or to قَنَاة (qanāh, “spear”).
Noun edit
قَان • (qān) m (collective, singulative قَانَة f (qāna))
- (obsolete, Tihāma) a kind of hardwood tree from which bows are made
- a. 869, الْجَاحِظ [al-jāḥiẓ], “باب ما يُجلب من البلدان من طرائف السلع والأمتعة والجواري والأحجار وغير ذلك [What one imports from strange countries in items, commodities, she-slaves, stones and else.]”, in التَبَصُّر بِٱلتِّجَارَة [at-tabaṣṣur bi-t-tijāra][2]:
- ومن أرض العرب: الخيل العِراب والنَّعَام والنَّجائب والقانة والأَدَم.
- From the Arabian lands one gets: Pure-bred horses, ostrichs, female Arabian camels, the qāna, and tanned hides.
Declension edit
Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | قَان qān |
الْقَان al-qān |
قَان qān |
Nominative | قَانٌ qānun |
الْقَانُ al-qānu |
قَانُ qānu |
Accusative | قَانًا qānan |
الْقَانَ al-qāna |
قَانَ qāna |
Genitive | قَانٍ qānin |
الْقَانِ al-qāni |
قَانِ qāni |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | قَانَة qāna |
الْقَانَة al-qāna |
قَانَة qānat |
Nominative | قَانَةٌ qānatun |
الْقَانَةُ al-qānatu |
قَانَةُ qānatu |
Accusative | قَانَةً qānatan |
الْقَانَةَ al-qānata |
قَانَةَ qānata |
Genitive | قَانَةٍ qānatin |
الْقَانَةِ al-qānati |
قَانَةِ qānati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | قَانَتَيْن qānatayn |
الْقَانَتَيْن al-qānatayn |
قَانَتَيْ qānatay |
Nominative | قَانَتَانِ qānatāni |
الْقَانَتَانِ al-qānatāni |
قَانَتَا qānatā |
Accusative | قَانَتَيْنِ qānatayni |
الْقَانَتَيْنِ al-qānatayni |
قَانَتَيْ qānatay |
Genitive | قَانَتَيْنِ qānatayni |
الْقَانَتَيْنِ al-qānatayni |
قَانَتَيْ qānatay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | قَانَات qānāt |
الْقَانَات al-qānāt |
قَانَات qānāt |
Nominative | قَانَاتٌ qānātun |
الْقَانَاتُ al-qānātu |
قَانَاتُ qānātu |
Accusative | قَانَاتٍ qānātin |
الْقَانَاتِ al-qānāti |
قَانَاتِ qānāti |
Genitive | قَانَاتٍ qānātin |
الْقَانَاتِ al-qānāti |
قَانَاتِ qānāti |
Azerbaijani edit
Noun edit
قان (countable and uncountable, definite accusative قانی)
Chagatai edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *kiān (“blood”).
Noun edit
قان (qan)
Descendants edit
Kazakh edit
Alternative scripts | |
---|---|
Arabic | قان |
Cyrillic | қан |
Latin | qan |
Noun edit
قان • (transliteration needed)
- Arabic spelling of қан (qan).
Khalaj edit
Noun edit
قان (qân, qâan) (definite accusative قانؽ, plural قانلار)
Declension edit
Kipchak edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *kiān (“blood”).
Noun edit
قان (kan)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- North Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
References edit
- Houtsma, Martin Theodor (1894) Ein türkisch-arabisches Glossar, nach der Leidener Handschrift herausgegeben und erläutert[3], Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 86
- Houtsma, Martin Theodor (1894) Ein türkisch-arabisches Glossar, nach der Leidener Handschrift herausgegeben und erläutert[4], Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 21 (٢١) line 18
Kyrgyz edit
Noun edit
قان • (qan)
- Arabic spelling of кан (kan).
Ottoman Turkish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kiān (“blood”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰴𐰣 (qan), Azerbaijani qan, Bashkir ҡан (qan), Chuvash юн (jun), Kazakh қан (qan), Kyrgyz кан (kan), Turkmen gan, Uyghur قان (qan), Uzbek qon and Yakut хаан (qaan).
Noun edit
قان • (kan) (definite accusative قانی (kanı), plural قانلر (kanlar))
- blood, a vital bodily fluid flowing in the bodies of many types of animals
- (by extension) venesection, phlebotomy, the cutting open or exposing a vein
- (by extension) bloodshed, bloodbath, carnage, any slaughter on a large scale
Derived terms edit
- بورون قانی (burun kanı, “bright scarlet color”)
- قان آرامق (kan aramak, “to seek the death of a person”)
- قان آغلامق (kan ağlamak, “to shed bitter tears”)
- قان آلمق (kan almak, “to take blood”)
- قان ایتمك (kan etmek, “to put to death”)
- قان ترلمك (kan terlemek, “to sweat profusely”)
- قان دوكمك (kan dökmek, “to spill blood”)
- قان دوكیجی (kan dökücü, “bloodthirsty”)
- قان صوجوغی (kan sucuğu, “blood pudding”)
- قان صیچمق (kan sıçmak, “to suffer from dysentery”)
- قان طاشی (kan taşı, “haematite”)
- قان طوتمق (kan tutmak, “to have a stroke of apoplexy”)
- قان قورودان (kan kurudan, “mandrake”)
- قان قورومق (kan kurumak, “for blood, to dry”)
- قان قوصمق (kan kusmak, “to vomit blood”)
- قان چناغی (kan çanağı, “bleeding basin”)
- قان گیتمك (kan gitmek, “to be made miserable with anxiety”)
- قان یوتمق (kan yutmak, “to suffer extremely”)
- قانجی (kancı, “phlebotomist”)
- قانلاتمق (kanlatmak, “to make or let be smeared with blood”)
- قانلامق (kanlamak, “to smear with blood”)
- قانلانمق (kanlanmak, “to become smeared with blood”)
- قانلو (kanlı, “blooded”)
- قانه گیرمك (kana girmek, “to become a murderer”)
- قانی قاینامق (kanı kaynamak, “to be lively”)
Descendants edit
- Turkish: kan
Further reading edit
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kan1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2373
- Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “قان”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français[5], Vienna: F. Beck, page 353a
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[6], Constantinople: Mihran, page 936
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Sanguis”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[7], Vienna, column 1508
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “قان”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[8], Vienna, column 3598
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[9], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1424
Persian edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [qɑːn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [qɒːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [qɔn]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | qān |
Dari reading? | qān |
Iranian reading? | ğân |
Tajik reading? | qon |
Noun edit
قان • (qân)
- Alternative form of غان (ğân, “birch”)
Uyghur edit
Alternative forms edit
- қан (qan) — Cyrillic
Etymology edit
From Chagatai قان (qan), from Proto-Turkic *kiān (“blood”).