لگام

Persian edit

Müller derives from Latin ligāmen.^[1]
Fraenkel sees a Semitic origin in that the Aramaic forms means the maxillary, and Arabic لَقِمَ (laqima) means “to swallow” – cognate to Ge'ez ለቀመ (läḳämä, “to chew on, to eat”), Tigrinya ለቐመ (läḳʰämä, “to chew on, to eat”), and probably identical to Ge'ez ለቀመ (läḳämä, “to pick, to choose”), Tigrinya ለቐመ (läḳʰämä, “to pick, to peck, to graze”), Amharic ለቀመ (läḳämä, “to peck, to glean, to graze”)^[2] –, with Nöldeke thus seeing Aramaic origin as secured; but the rarity and late attestation of the Aramaic words raises doubts, and for the same reason it is difficult to explain that the Ethiopian Semitic word for the bridle is attested in pre-Islamic times already.^[3]^[4]^[5]

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [lä.ɡɑ́ːm]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [lä.ɡɑ́ːm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [lä.ɡɔ́ːm]

لگام • (legâm)

Descendants

→ Arabic: لِجَام (lijām)
- Maltese: lġiem
- → Amharic: ልጓም (ləgʷam)
- → Argobba: ልጓም (ləgʷam)
- → Gafat: ልጓም (ləgʷam)
- → Ge'ez: ልጓም (ləgʷam)
- → Persian: لجام (lejâm)
  - Tajik: лаҷом (lajom)
- → Tigre: ልጋም (ləgam)
- → Tigrinya: ልጓም (ləgʷam)
→ Middle Armenian: լկամ (lkam)
→ Bengali: লাগাম (lagam)
→ Gujarati: લગામ (lagām)
→ Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: לוּגְמׇא (lūḡmā)
→ Georgian: ლაგამი (lagami)
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਲਗਾਮ (lagām)

Shahmukhi script: لگام (lagām)
→ Classical Syriac: ܠܓܡܐ (lgāmā), ܠܘܓܡܐ (lūḡmā, luḡmā)
→ Urdu: لگام (lagām)
- → Telugu: లగాము (lagāmu)
- → Kolami: లగ్గం (laggaṁ)
- → Kannada: ಲಗಾಮು (lagāmu)
- → Malayalam: ലഗാന് (lagānŭ)

^ Müller, Friedrich (1896) “Armeniaca. — Zu Mīnōīg Chrat II, 37”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes (in German), volume 10, page 181 of 349-356
^ Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 317
^ Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 100
^ Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[1] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, pages 41–42
^ Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 307

لَگام • (lagām) f (Hindi spelling लगाम)