نفس

See also: نقس‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

From the root ن ف س‎ (n-f-s).

Verb

نَفُسَ • (nafusa) I, non-past يَنْفُسُ‎‎ (yanfusu)

1. to be priceless, to be precious, to be valuable

Conjugation

Conjugation of

نَفُسَ

(form-I sound, verbal nouns نَفَس or نِفَاس or نَفَاسَة)

verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر						نَفَس or نِفَاس‎ or نَفَاسَة‎ nafas or nifās or nafāsa
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						نَافِس‎ nāfis
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	نَفُسْتُ‎ nafustu	نَفُسْتَ‎ nafusta	نَفُسَ nafusa		نَفُسْتُمَا‎ nafustumā	نَفُسَا‎ nafusā		نَفُسْنَا‎ nafusnā	نَفُسْتُمْ‎ nafustum	نَفُسُوا‎ nafusū
	f		نَفُسْتِ‎ nafusti	نَفُسَتْ‎ nafusat			نَفُسَتَا‎ nafusatā			نَفُسْتُنَّ‎ nafustunna	نَفُسْنَ‎ nafusna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَنْفُسُ‎ ʔanfusu	تَنْفُسُ‎ tanfusu	يَنْفُسُ‎ yanfusu		تَنْفُسَانِ‎ tanfusāni	يَنْفُسَانِ‎ yanfusāni		نَنْفُسُ‎ nanfusu	تَنْفُسُونَ‎ tanfusūna	يَنْفُسُونَ‎ yanfusūna
	f		تَنْفُسِينَ‎ tanfusīna	تَنْفُسُ‎ tanfusu			تَنْفُسَانِ‎ tanfusāni			تَنْفُسْنَ‎ tanfusna	يَنْفُسْنَ‎ yanfusna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَنْفُسَ‎ ʔanfusa	تَنْفُسَ‎ tanfusa	يَنْفُسَ‎ yanfusa		تَنْفُسَا‎ tanfusā	يَنْفُسَا‎ yanfusā		نَنْفُسَ‎ nanfusa	تَنْفُسُوا‎ tanfusū	يَنْفُسُوا‎ yanfusū
	f		تَنْفُسِي‎ tanfusī	تَنْفُسَ‎ tanfusa			تَنْفُسَا‎ tanfusā			تَنْفُسْنَ‎ tanfusna	يَنْفُسْنَ‎ yanfusna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَنْفُسْ‎ ʔanfus	تَنْفُسْ‎ tanfus	يَنْفُسْ‎ yanfus		تَنْفُسَا‎ tanfusā	يَنْفُسَا‎ yanfusā		نَنْفُسْ‎ nanfus	تَنْفُسُوا‎ tanfusū	يَنْفُسُوا‎ yanfusū
	f		تَنْفُسِي‎ tanfusī	تَنْفُسْ‎ tanfus			تَنْفُسَا‎ tanfusā			تَنْفُسْنَ‎ tanfusna	يَنْفُسْنَ‎ yanfusna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُنْفُسْ‎ unfus			اُنْفُسَا‎ unfusā				اُنْفُسُوا‎ unfusū
	f		اُنْفُسِي‎ unfusī							اُنْفُسْنَ‎ unfusna

Verb

نَفِسَ • (nafisa) I, non-past يَنْفَسُ‎‎ (yanfasu)

1. to be niggardly, to be stingy, to be sparing

Conjugation

Conjugation of

نَفِسَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun نَفَس)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						نَفَس nafas
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						نَافِس‎ nāfis
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	نَفِسْتُ‎ nafistu	نَفِسْتَ‎ nafista	نَفِسَ nafisa		نَفِسْتُمَا‎ nafistumā	نَفِسَا‎ nafisā		نَفِسْنَا‎ nafisnā	نَفِسْتُمْ‎ nafistum	نَفِسُوا‎ nafisū
	f		نَفِسْتِ‎ nafisti	نَفِسَتْ‎ nafisat			نَفِسَتَا‎ nafisatā			نَفِسْتُنَّ‎ nafistunna	نَفِسْنَ‎ nafisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَنْفَسُ‎ ʔanfasu	تَنْفَسُ‎ tanfasu	يَنْفَسُ‎ yanfasu		تَنْفَسَانِ‎ tanfasāni	يَنْفَسَانِ‎ yanfasāni		نَنْفَسُ‎ nanfasu	تَنْفَسُونَ‎ tanfasūna	يَنْفَسُونَ‎ yanfasūna
	f		تَنْفَسِينَ‎ tanfasīna	تَنْفَسُ‎ tanfasu			تَنْفَسَانِ‎ tanfasāni			تَنْفَسْنَ‎ tanfasna	يَنْفَسْنَ‎ yanfasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَنْفَسَ‎ ʔanfasa	تَنْفَسَ‎ tanfasa	يَنْفَسَ‎ yanfasa		تَنْفَسَا‎ tanfasā	يَنْفَسَا‎ yanfasā		نَنْفَسَ‎ nanfasa	تَنْفَسُوا‎ tanfasū	يَنْفَسُوا‎ yanfasū
	f		تَنْفَسِي‎ tanfasī	تَنْفَسَ‎ tanfasa			تَنْفَسَا‎ tanfasā			تَنْفَسْنَ‎ tanfasna	يَنْفَسْنَ‎ yanfasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَنْفَسْ‎ ʔanfas	تَنْفَسْ‎ tanfas	يَنْفَسْ‎ yanfas		تَنْفَسَا‎ tanfasā	يَنْفَسَا‎ yanfasā		نَنْفَسْ‎ nanfas	تَنْفَسُوا‎ tanfasū	يَنْفَسُوا‎ yanfasū
	f		تَنْفَسِي‎ tanfasī	تَنْفَسْ‎ tanfas			تَنْفَسَا‎ tanfasā			تَنْفَسْنَ‎ tanfasna	يَنْفَسْنَ‎ yanfasna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِنْفَسْ‎ infas			اِنْفَسَا‎ infasā				اِنْفَسُوا‎ infasū
	f		اِنْفَسِي‎ infasī							اِنْفَسْنَ‎ infasna

Verb

نَفِسَ • (nafisa) I, non-past يَنْفَسُ‎‎ (yanfasu)

1. to envy, to begrudge

Conjugation

Conjugation of

نَفِسَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun نَفَاسَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						نَفَاسَة‎ nafāsa
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						نَافِس‎ nāfis
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَنْفُوس‎ manfūs
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	نَفِسْتُ‎ nafistu	نَفِسْتَ‎ nafista	نَفِسَ nafisa		نَفِسْتُمَا‎ nafistumā	نَفِسَا‎ nafisā		نَفِسْنَا‎ nafisnā	نَفِسْتُمْ‎ nafistum	نَفِسُوا‎ nafisū
	f		نَفِسْتِ‎ nafisti	نَفِسَتْ‎ nafisat			نَفِسَتَا‎ nafisatā			نَفِسْتُنَّ‎ nafistunna	نَفِسْنَ‎ nafisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَنْفَسُ‎ ʔanfasu	تَنْفَسُ‎ tanfasu	يَنْفَسُ‎ yanfasu		تَنْفَسَانِ‎ tanfasāni	يَنْفَسَانِ‎ yanfasāni		نَنْفَسُ‎ nanfasu	تَنْفَسُونَ‎ tanfasūna	يَنْفَسُونَ‎ yanfasūna
	f		تَنْفَسِينَ‎ tanfasīna	تَنْفَسُ‎ tanfasu			تَنْفَسَانِ‎ tanfasāni			تَنْفَسْنَ‎ tanfasna	يَنْفَسْنَ‎ yanfasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَنْفَسَ‎ ʔanfasa	تَنْفَسَ‎ tanfasa	يَنْفَسَ‎ yanfasa		تَنْفَسَا‎ tanfasā	يَنْفَسَا‎ yanfasā		نَنْفَسَ‎ nanfasa	تَنْفَسُوا‎ tanfasū	يَنْفَسُوا‎ yanfasū
	f		تَنْفَسِي‎ tanfasī	تَنْفَسَ‎ tanfasa			تَنْفَسَا‎ tanfasā			تَنْفَسْنَ‎ tanfasna	يَنْفَسْنَ‎ yanfasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَنْفَسْ‎ ʔanfas	تَنْفَسْ‎ tanfas	يَنْفَسْ‎ yanfas		تَنْفَسَا‎ tanfasā	يَنْفَسَا‎ yanfasā		نَنْفَسْ‎ nanfas	تَنْفَسُوا‎ tanfasū	يَنْفَسُوا‎ yanfasū
	f		تَنْفَسِي‎ tanfasī	تَنْفَسْ‎ tanfas			تَنْفَسَا‎ tanfasā			تَنْفَسْنَ‎ tanfasna	يَنْفَسْنَ‎ yanfasna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِنْفَسْ‎ infas			اِنْفَسَا‎ infasā				اِنْفَسُوا‎ infasū
	f		اِنْفَسِي‎ infasī							اِنْفَسْنَ‎ infasna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	نُفِسْتُ‎ nufistu	نُفِسْتَ‎ nufista	نُفِسَ nufisa		نُفِسْتُمَا‎ nufistumā	نُفِسَا‎ nufisā		نُفِسْنَا‎ nufisnā	نُفِسْتُمْ‎ nufistum	نُفِسُوا‎ nufisū
	f		نُفِسْتِ‎ nufisti	نُفِسَتْ‎ nufisat			نُفِسَتَا‎ nufisatā			نُفِسْتُنَّ‎ nufistunna	نُفِسْنَ‎ nufisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُنْفَسُ‎ ʔunfasu	تُنْفَسُ‎ tunfasu	يُنْفَسُ‎ yunfasu		تُنْفَسَانِ‎ tunfasāni	يُنْفَسَانِ‎ yunfasāni		نُنْفَسُ‎ nunfasu	تُنْفَسُونَ‎ tunfasūna	يُنْفَسُونَ‎ yunfasūna
	f		تُنْفَسِينَ‎ tunfasīna	تُنْفَسُ‎ tunfasu			تُنْفَسَانِ‎ tunfasāni			تُنْفَسْنَ‎ tunfasna	يُنْفَسْنَ‎ yunfasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُنْفَسَ‎ ʔunfasa	تُنْفَسَ‎ tunfasa	يُنْفَسَ‎ yunfasa		تُنْفَسَا‎ tunfasā	يُنْفَسَا‎ yunfasā		نُنْفَسَ‎ nunfasa	تُنْفَسُوا‎ tunfasū	يُنْفَسُوا‎ yunfasū
	f		تُنْفَسِي‎ tunfasī	تُنْفَسَ‎ tunfasa			تُنْفَسَا‎ tunfasā			تُنْفَسْنَ‎ tunfasna	يُنْفَسْنَ‎ yunfasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُنْفَسْ‎ ʔunfas	تُنْفَسْ‎ tunfas	يُنْفَسْ‎ yunfas		تُنْفَسَا‎ tunfasā	يُنْفَسَا‎ yunfasā		نُنْفَسْ‎ nunfas	تُنْفَسُوا‎ tunfasū	يُنْفَسُوا‎ yunfasū
	f		تُنْفَسِي‎ tunfasī	تُنْفَسْ‎ tunfas			تُنْفَسَا‎ tunfasā			تُنْفَسْنَ‎ tunfasna	يُنْفَسْنَ‎ yunfasna

Verb

نَفِسَ • (nafisa) I, non-past يَنْفَسُ‎‎ (yanfasu)
نُفِسَ • (nufisa) I, non-past يُنْفَسُ‎‎ (yunfasu) (passive)

1. to be in childbed

Conjugation

Conjugation of

نَفِسَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun نِفَاس)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						نِفَاس‎ nifās
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						نَافِس‎ nāfis
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	نَفِسْتُ‎ nafistu	نَفِسْتَ‎ nafista	نَفِسَ nafisa		نَفِسْتُمَا‎ nafistumā	نَفِسَا‎ nafisā		نَفِسْنَا‎ nafisnā	نَفِسْتُمْ‎ nafistum	نَفِسُوا‎ nafisū
	f		نَفِسْتِ‎ nafisti	نَفِسَتْ‎ nafisat			نَفِسَتَا‎ nafisatā			نَفِسْتُنَّ‎ nafistunna	نَفِسْنَ‎ nafisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَنْفَسُ‎ ʔanfasu	تَنْفَسُ‎ tanfasu	يَنْفَسُ‎ yanfasu		تَنْفَسَانِ‎ tanfasāni	يَنْفَسَانِ‎ yanfasāni		نَنْفَسُ‎ nanfasu	تَنْفَسُونَ‎ tanfasūna	يَنْفَسُونَ‎ yanfasūna
	f		تَنْفَسِينَ‎ tanfasīna	تَنْفَسُ‎ tanfasu			تَنْفَسَانِ‎ tanfasāni			تَنْفَسْنَ‎ tanfasna	يَنْفَسْنَ‎ yanfasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَنْفَسَ‎ ʔanfasa	تَنْفَسَ‎ tanfasa	يَنْفَسَ‎ yanfasa		تَنْفَسَا‎ tanfasā	يَنْفَسَا‎ yanfasā		نَنْفَسَ‎ nanfasa	تَنْفَسُوا‎ tanfasū	يَنْفَسُوا‎ yanfasū
	f		تَنْفَسِي‎ tanfasī	تَنْفَسَ‎ tanfasa			تَنْفَسَا‎ tanfasā			تَنْفَسْنَ‎ tanfasna	يَنْفَسْنَ‎ yanfasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَنْفَسْ‎ ʔanfas	تَنْفَسْ‎ tanfas	يَنْفَسْ‎ yanfas		تَنْفَسَا‎ tanfasā	يَنْفَسَا‎ yanfasā		نَنْفَسْ‎ nanfas	تَنْفَسُوا‎ tanfasū	يَنْفَسُوا‎ yanfasū
	f		تَنْفَسِي‎ tanfasī	تَنْفَسْ‎ tanfas			تَنْفَسَا‎ tanfasā			تَنْفَسْنَ‎ tanfasna	يَنْفَسْنَ‎ yanfasna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِنْفَسْ‎ infas			اِنْفَسَا‎ infasā				اِنْفَسُوا‎ infasū
	f		اِنْفَسِي‎ infasī							اِنْفَسْنَ‎ infasna

Conjugation of

نُفِسَ

(form-I sound passive, verbal noun نِفَاس)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						نِفَاس‎ nifās
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَنْفُوس‎ manfūs
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	نُفِسْتُ‎ nufistu	نُفِسْتَ‎ nufista	نُفِسَ nufisa		نُفِسْتُمَا‎ nufistumā	نُفِسَا‎ nufisā		نُفِسْنَا‎ nufisnā	نُفِسْتُمْ‎ nufistum	نُفِسُوا‎ nufisū
	f		نُفِسْتِ‎ nufisti	نُفِسَتْ‎ nufisat			نُفِسَتَا‎ nufisatā			نُفِسْتُنَّ‎ nufistunna	نُفِسْنَ‎ nufisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُنْفَسُ‎ ʔunfasu	تُنْفَسُ‎ tunfasu	يُنْفَسُ‎ yunfasu		تُنْفَسَانِ‎ tunfasāni	يُنْفَسَانِ‎ yunfasāni		نُنْفَسُ‎ nunfasu	تُنْفَسُونَ‎ tunfasūna	يُنْفَسُونَ‎ yunfasūna
	f		تُنْفَسِينَ‎ tunfasīna	تُنْفَسُ‎ tunfasu			تُنْفَسَانِ‎ tunfasāni			تُنْفَسْنَ‎ tunfasna	يُنْفَسْنَ‎ yunfasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُنْفَسَ‎ ʔunfasa	تُنْفَسَ‎ tunfasa	يُنْفَسَ‎ yunfasa		تُنْفَسَا‎ tunfasā	يُنْفَسَا‎ yunfasā		نُنْفَسَ‎ nunfasa	تُنْفَسُوا‎ tunfasū	يُنْفَسُوا‎ yunfasū
	f		تُنْفَسِي‎ tunfasī	تُنْفَسَ‎ tunfasa			تُنْفَسَا‎ tunfasā			تُنْفَسْنَ‎ tunfasna	يُنْفَسْنَ‎ yunfasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُنْفَسْ‎ ʔunfas	تُنْفَسْ‎ tunfas	يُنْفَسْ‎ yunfas		تُنْفَسَا‎ tunfasā	يُنْفَسَا‎ yunfasā		نُنْفَسْ‎ nunfas	تُنْفَسُوا‎ tunfasū	يُنْفَسُوا‎ yunfasū
	f		تُنْفَسِي‎ tunfasī	تُنْفَسْ‎ tunfas			تُنْفَسَا‎ tunfasā			تُنْفَسْنَ‎ tunfasna	يُنْفَسْنَ‎ yunfasna

Verb

نَفَّسَ • (naffasa) II, non-past يُنَفِّسُ‎‎ (yunaffisu)

1. to comfort, to cheer up, to reassure, to appease
2. to relieve, to dispel, to banish
3. to air, to vent
4. to uncover, to reveal, to voice
5. to cease, to desist
6. to let out air
7. to be in childbed

Conjugation

Conjugation of

نَفَّسَ

(form-II sound)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَنْفِيس‎ tanfīs
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُنَفِّس‎ munaffis
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُنَفَّس‎ munaffas
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	نَفَّسْتُ‎ naffastu	نَفَّسْتَ‎ naffasta	نَفَّسَ naffasa		نَفَّسْتُمَا‎ naffastumā	نَفَّسَا‎ naffasā		نَفَّسْنَا‎ naffasnā	نَفَّسْتُمْ‎ naffastum	نَفَّسُوا‎ naffasū
	f		نَفَّسْتِ‎ naffasti	نَفَّسَتْ‎ naffasat			نَفَّسَتَا‎ naffasatā			نَفَّسْتُنَّ‎ naffastunna	نَفَّسْنَ‎ naffasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُنَفِّسُ‎ ʔunaffisu	تُنَفِّسُ‎ tunaffisu	يُنَفِّسُ‎ yunaffisu		تُنَفِّسَانِ‎ tunaffisāni	يُنَفِّسَانِ‎ yunaffisāni		نُنَفِّسُ‎ nunaffisu	تُنَفِّسُونَ‎ tunaffisūna	يُنَفِّسُونَ‎ yunaffisūna
	f		تُنَفِّسِينَ‎ tunaffisīna	تُنَفِّسُ‎ tunaffisu			تُنَفِّسَانِ‎ tunaffisāni			تُنَفِّسْنَ‎ tunaffisna	يُنَفِّسْنَ‎ yunaffisna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُنَفِّسَ‎ ʔunaffisa	تُنَفِّسَ‎ tunaffisa	يُنَفِّسَ‎ yunaffisa		تُنَفِّسَا‎ tunaffisā	يُنَفِّسَا‎ yunaffisā		نُنَفِّسَ‎ nunaffisa	تُنَفِّسُوا‎ tunaffisū	يُنَفِّسُوا‎ yunaffisū
	f		تُنَفِّسِي‎ tunaffisī	تُنَفِّسَ‎ tunaffisa			تُنَفِّسَا‎ tunaffisā			تُنَفِّسْنَ‎ tunaffisna	يُنَفِّسْنَ‎ yunaffisna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُنَفِّسْ‎ ʔunaffis	تُنَفِّسْ‎ tunaffis	يُنَفِّسْ‎ yunaffis		تُنَفِّسَا‎ tunaffisā	يُنَفِّسَا‎ yunaffisā		نُنَفِّسْ‎ nunaffis	تُنَفِّسُوا‎ tunaffisū	يُنَفِّسُوا‎ yunaffisū
	f		تُنَفِّسِي‎ tunaffisī	تُنَفِّسْ‎ tunaffis			تُنَفِّسَا‎ tunaffisā			تُنَفِّسْنَ‎ tunaffisna	يُنَفِّسْنَ‎ yunaffisna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		نَفِّسْ naffis			نَفِّسَا‎ naffisā				نَفِّسُوا‎ naffisū
	f		نَفِّسِي‎ naffisī							نَفِّسْنَ‎ naffisna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	نُفِّسْتُ‎ nuffistu	نُفِّسْتَ‎ nuffista	نُفِّسَ nuffisa		نُفِّسْتُمَا‎ nuffistumā	نُفِّسَا‎ nuffisā		نُفِّسْنَا‎ nuffisnā	نُفِّسْتُمْ‎ nuffistum	نُفِّسُوا‎ nuffisū
	f		نُفِّسْتِ‎ nuffisti	نُفِّسَتْ‎ nuffisat			نُفِّسَتَا‎ nuffisatā			نُفِّسْتُنَّ‎ nuffistunna	نُفِّسْنَ‎ nuffisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُنَفَّسُ‎ ʔunaffasu	تُنَفَّسُ‎ tunaffasu	يُنَفَّسُ‎ yunaffasu		تُنَفَّسَانِ‎ tunaffasāni	يُنَفَّسَانِ‎ yunaffasāni		نُنَفَّسُ‎ nunaffasu	تُنَفَّسُونَ‎ tunaffasūna	يُنَفَّسُونَ‎ yunaffasūna
	f		تُنَفَّسِينَ‎ tunaffasīna	تُنَفَّسُ‎ tunaffasu			تُنَفَّسَانِ‎ tunaffasāni			تُنَفَّسْنَ‎ tunaffasna	يُنَفَّسْنَ‎ yunaffasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُنَفَّسَ‎ ʔunaffasa	تُنَفَّسَ‎ tunaffasa	يُنَفَّسَ‎ yunaffasa		تُنَفَّسَا‎ tunaffasā	يُنَفَّسَا‎ yunaffasā		نُنَفَّسَ‎ nunaffasa	تُنَفَّسُوا‎ tunaffasū	يُنَفَّسُوا‎ yunaffasū
	f		تُنَفَّسِي‎ tunaffasī	تُنَفَّسَ‎ tunaffasa			تُنَفَّسَا‎ tunaffasā			تُنَفَّسْنَ‎ tunaffasna	يُنَفَّسْنَ‎ yunaffasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُنَفَّسْ‎ ʔunaffas	تُنَفَّسْ‎ tunaffas	يُنَفَّسْ‎ yunaffas		تُنَفَّسَا‎ tunaffasā	يُنَفَّسَا‎ yunaffasā		نُنَفَّسْ‎ nunaffas	تُنَفَّسُوا‎ tunaffasū	يُنَفَّسُوا‎ yunaffasū
	f		تُنَفَّسِي‎ tunaffasī	تُنَفَّسْ‎ tunaffas			تُنَفَّسَا‎ tunaffasā			تُنَفَّسْنَ‎ tunaffasna	يُنَفَّسْنَ‎ yunaffasna

Etymology 2

From Proto-Semitic *napš-.

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): /nafs/

Noun

نَفْس • (nafs) f (plural نُفُوس‎ (nufūs) or أَنْفُس‎ (ʔanfus))

1. self
   1. (plural أَنْفُس‎ (ʔanfus)) in idafa with an enclitic pronoun attached to it

      ‏نَفْسُهُ‎ ― nafsuhu ― himself

      1. (plural أَنْفُس‎ (ʔanfus)) as reflexive

         ‏قَتَلَ نَفْسَهُ‎ ― qatala nafsahu ― He killed himself. [reflexive]

         ‏رَأَيْتُ نَفْسِي فِي ٱلْمِرْآةِ‎ ― raʔaytu nafsī fī l-mirʔāti ― I saw myself in the mirror.

      2. (plural أَنْفُس‎ (ʔanfus)) as emphatic

         ‏جَاءَنِي هُوَ نَفْسُهُ.‎‎

         jāʔanī huwa nafsuhu.

         He came to me himself or in person.

         • a. 1360, Ibn Hishām Al-Ansāriyy, Sharh Qatr Al-Nadā Wa-Ball Al-Sadā:

           ‏وَأَمَّا قَوْلُ ٱلْعَرَبِ: «اِتَّقَى ٱللَّهَ ٱمْرُؤٌ فَعَلَ خَيْرًا يُثَبْ عَلَيْهِ» بِٱلْجَزْمِ، فَوَجْهُهُ أَنَّ «ٱتَّقَى ٱللَّهَ» وَ«فَعَلَ خَيْرًا» وَإِنْ كَانَا فِعْلَيْنِ مَاضِيَيْنِ ظَاهِرُهُمَا ٱلْخَبَرُ، إِلَّا أَنَّ ٱلْمُرَادَ بِهِمَا ٱلطَّلَبُ، وَٱلْمَعْنَى: لِيَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ ٱمْرُؤٌ وَلْيَفْعَلْ خَيْرًا، وَكَذَٰلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ هَلۡ أَدُلُّكُمۡ عَلَىٰ تِجَـٰرَةࣲ تُنجِیكُم مِّنۡ عَذَابٍ أَلِیمࣲ ۝١٠ تُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَتُجَـٰهِدُونَ فِی سَبِیلِ ٱللَّهِ بِأَمۡوَ ٰ⁠لِكُمۡ وَأَنفُسِكُمۡۚ ذَ ٰ⁠لِكُمۡ خَیۡرࣱ لَّكُمۡ إِن كُنتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُونَ ۝١١ یَغۡفِرۡ لَكُمۡ﴾ فَجَزْمُ يَغْفِرْ لِأَنَّهُ جَوَابٌ لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿تُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَتُجَـٰهِدُونَ﴾ لِكَوْنِهِ فِي مَعْنَى «آمِنُوا وَجَاهِدُوا»، وَلَيْسَ جَوَابًا لِلِٱسْتِفْهَامِ، لِأَنَّ غُفْرَانَ ٱلذُّنُوبِ لَا يَتَسَبَّبُ عَنْ نَفْسِ ٱلدَّلَالَةِ، بَلْ عَنِ ٱلْإِيمَانِ وَٱلْجِهَادِ.‎‎

           waʔammā qawlu l-ʕarabi: “ittaqā l-laha mruʔun faʕala ḵayran yuṯab ʕalayhi” bi-l-jazmi, fawajhuhu ʔanna “ttaqā l-laha” wa“faʕala ḵayran” waʔin kānā fiʕlayni māḍiyayni ẓāhiruhumā l-ḵabaru, ʔillā ʔanna l-murāda bihimā ṭ-ṭalabu, wal-maʕnā: liyattaqi l-laha mruʔun walyafʕal ḵayran, wakaḏālika qawluhu taʕālā: “yā ʔayyuhā llaḏīna ʔāmanū hal ʔadullukum ʕalā tijāratin tunjīkum min ʕaḏābin ʔalīmin? tuʔminūna bi-l-lāhi warasūlihī watujāhidūna fī sabīli l-lahi biʔamwālikum waʔanfusikum; ḏālikum ḵayrun lakum ʔin kuntum taʕlamūna, yaḡfir lakum” fajazmu yaḡfir liʔannahu jawābun liqawlihi taʕālā: “tuʔminūna bi-l-lahi warasūlihī watujāhidūna” likawnihi fī maʕnā “ʔāminū wajāhidū”, walaysa jawāban lilistifhāmi, liʔanna ḡufrāna ḏ-ḏunūbi lā yatasabbabu ʕan nafsi d-dalālati, bal ʕani l-ʔīmāni wal-jihādi.

           (please add an English translation of this quote)

2. same used in the construct state, with a modifying noun in the genitive, or after the noun with an enclitic pronoun attached to it

   ‏نَفْسُ ٱلشَّيْءِ‎ ― nafsu š-šayʔi ― the same thing

   ‏فِي نَفْسِ ٱلْيَوْمِ، فِي ٱلْيَوْمِ نَفْسِهِ‎

   fī nafsi l-yawmi, fī l-yawmi nafsihi

   on the same day

3. consciousness
4. psyche, mind
5. spirit, soul
6. life, breath
7. essence, nature
8. inclination, appetite, proclivity
9. personal identity

Inflection

Inflected forms
Base form					نَفْسُ (nafsu)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Singular		Dual	Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Common	Masculine	Feminine
First person	نَفْسِي‎ (nafsī)			أَنْفُسُنَا‎ (ʔanfusunā)
Second person	نَفْسُكَ‎ (nafsuka)	نَفْسُكِ‎ (nafsuki)	أَنْفُسُكُمَا‎ (ʔanfusukumā)	أَنْفُسُكُمْ‎ (ʔanfusukum)	أَنْفُسُكُنَّ‎ (ʔanfusukunna)
Third person	نَفْسُهُ‎ (nafsuhu)	نَفْسُهَا‎ (nafsuhā)	أَنْفُسُهُمَا‎ (ʔanfusuhumā)	أَنْفُسُهُمْ‎ (ʔanfusuhum)	أَنْفُسُهُنَّ‎ (ʔanfusuhunna)

Inflected forms
Base form					نَفْسَ (nafsa)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Singular		Dual	Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Common	Masculine	Feminine
First person	نَفْسِي‎ (nafsī)			أَنْفُسَنَا‎ (ʔanfusanā)
Second person	نَفْسَكَ‎ (nafsaka)	نَفْسَكِ‎ (nafsaki)	أَنْفُسَكُمَا‎ (ʔanfusakumā)	أَنْفُسَكُمْ‎ (ʔanfusakum)	أَنْفُسَكُنَّ‎ (ʔanfusakunna)
Third person	نَفْسَهُ‎ (nafsahu)	نَفْسَهَا‎ (nafsahā)	أَنْفُسَهُمَا‎ (ʔanfusahumā)	أَنْفُسَهُمْ‎ (ʔanfusahum)	أَنْفُسَهُنَّ‎ (ʔanfusahunna)

Inflected forms
Base form					نَفْسِ (nafsi)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Singular		Dual	Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Common	Masculine	Feminine
First person	نَفْسِي‎ (nafsī)			أَنْفُسِنَا‎ (ʔanfusinā)
Second person	نَفْسِكَ‎ (nafsika)	نَفْسِكِ‎ (nafsiki)	أَنْفُسِكُمَا‎ (ʔanfusikumā)	أَنْفُسِكُمْ‎ (ʔanfusikum)	أَنْفُسِكُنَّ‎ (ʔanfusikunna)
Third person	نَفْسِهِ‎ (nafsihi)	نَفْسِهَا‎ (nafsihā)	أَنْفُسِهِمَا‎ (ʔanfusihimā)	أَنْفُسِهِمْ‎ (ʔanfusihim)	أَنْفُسِهِنَّ‎ (ʔanfusihinna)

Declension

Declension of noun نَفْس (nafs)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	نَفْس nafs	النَّفْس‎ an-nafs	نَفْس nafs
Nominative	نَفْسٌ nafsun	النَّفْسُ‎ an-nafsu	نَفْسُ nafsu
Accusative	نَفْسًا‎ nafsan	النَّفْسَ‎ an-nafsa	نَفْسَ nafsa
Genitive	نَفْسٍ nafsin	النَّفْسِ‎ an-nafsi	نَفْسِ nafsi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	نَفْسَيْن‎ nafsayn	النَّفْسَيْن‎ an-nafsayn	نَفْسَيْ‎ nafsay
Nominative	نَفْسَانِ‎ nafsāni	النَّفْسَانِ‎ an-nafsāni	نَفْسَا‎ nafsā
Accusative	نَفْسَيْنِ‎ nafsayni	النَّفْسَيْنِ‎ an-nafsayni	نَفْسَيْ‎ nafsay
Genitive	نَفْسَيْنِ‎ nafsayni	النَّفْسَيْنِ‎ an-nafsayni	نَفْسَيْ‎ nafsay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	نُفُوس‎‎; أَنْفُس‎ nufūs‎; ʔanfus	النُّفُوس‎‎; الْأَنْفُس‎ an-nufūs‎; al-ʔanfus	نُفُوس‎‎; أَنْفُس‎ nufūs‎; ʔanfus
Nominative	نُفُوسٌ‎‎; أَنْفُسٌ‎ nufūsun‎; ʔanfusun	النُّفُوسُ‎‎; الْأَنْفُسُ‎ an-nufūsu‎; al-ʔanfusu	نُفُوسُ‎‎; أَنْفُسُ‎ nufūsu‎; ʔanfusu
Accusative	نُفُوسًا‎‎; أَنْفُسًا‎ nufūsan‎; ʔanfusan	النُّفُوسَ‎‎; الْأَنْفُسَ‎ an-nufūsa‎; al-ʔanfusa	نُفُوسَ‎‎; أَنْفُسَ‎ nufūsa‎; ʔanfusa
Genitive	نُفُوسٍ‎‎; أَنْفُسٍ‎ nufūsin‎; ʔanfusin	النُّفُوسِ‎‎; الْأَنْفُسِ‎ an-nufūsi‎; al-ʔanfusi	نُفُوسِ‎‎; أَنْفُسِ‎ nufūsi‎; ʔanfusi

Synonyms

• (emphatic): عَيْن‎ (ʕayn)

Derived terms

• بِنَفْسِهِ‎ (binafsihi, “himself, in person, personally”)
• مِنْ نَفْسِهِ‎ (min nafsihi, “of his own accord”)
• نَفْسِيّ‎ (nafsiyy)
  • نَفْسِيَّة‎ (nafsiyya)
• عِلْمُ ٱلنَّفْسِ‎ (ʕilmu n-nafsi, “psychology”)
• صَغِيرُ ٱلنَّفْسِ‎ (ṣaḡīru n-nafsi, “base-minded, low-minded”, literally “small of mind”)
• كَبِيرُ ٱلنَّفْسِ‎ (kabīru n-nafsi, “high-minded, proud”, literally “big of mind”)

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): /nafs/

Noun

نَفْس • (nafs) m (plural نُفُوس‎ (nufūs) or أَنْفُس‎ (ʔanfus))

1. living creature, living being, human being, person

Declension

Declension of noun نَفْس (nafs)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	نَفْس nafs	النَّفْس‎ an-nafs	نَفْس nafs
Nominative	نَفْسٌ nafsun	النَّفْسُ‎ an-nafsu	نَفْسُ nafsu
Accusative	نَفْسًا‎ nafsan	النَّفْسَ‎ an-nafsa	نَفْسَ nafsa
Genitive	نَفْسٍ nafsin	النَّفْسِ‎ an-nafsi	نَفْسِ nafsi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	نَفْسَيْن‎ nafsayn	النَّفْسَيْن‎ an-nafsayn	نَفْسَيْ‎ nafsay
Nominative	نَفْسَانِ‎ nafsāni	النَّفْسَانِ‎ an-nafsāni	نَفْسَا‎ nafsā
Accusative	نَفْسَيْنِ‎ nafsayni	النَّفْسَيْنِ‎ an-nafsayni	نَفْسَيْ‎ nafsay
Genitive	نَفْسَيْنِ‎ nafsayni	النَّفْسَيْنِ‎ an-nafsayni	نَفْسَيْ‎ nafsay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	نُفُوس‎‎; أَنْفُس‎ nufūs‎; ʔanfus	النُّفُوس‎‎; الْأَنْفُس‎ an-nufūs‎; al-ʔanfus	نُفُوس‎‎; أَنْفُس‎ nufūs‎; ʔanfus
Nominative	نُفُوسٌ‎‎; أَنْفُسٌ‎ nufūsun‎; ʔanfusun	النُّفُوسُ‎‎; الْأَنْفُسُ‎ an-nufūsu‎; al-ʔanfusu	نُفُوسُ‎‎; أَنْفُسُ‎ nufūsu‎; ʔanfusu
Accusative	نُفُوسًا‎‎; أَنْفُسًا‎ nufūsan‎; ʔanfusan	النُّفُوسَ‎‎; الْأَنْفُسَ‎ an-nufūsa‎; al-ʔanfusa	نُفُوسَ‎‎; أَنْفُسَ‎ nufūsa‎; ʔanfusa
Genitive	نُفُوسٍ‎‎; أَنْفُسٍ‎ nufūsin‎; ʔanfusin	النُّفُوسِ‎‎; الْأَنْفُسِ‎ an-nufūsi‎; al-ʔanfusi	نُفُوسِ‎‎; أَنْفُسِ‎ nufūsi‎; ʔanfusi

Pronunciation 3

• IPA^(key): /na.fas/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

نَفَس • (nafas) m (plural أَنْفَاس‎ (ʔanfās))

1. verbal noun of نَفِسَ (nafisa) (form I)
2. verbal noun of نَفُسَ (nafusa) (form I)
3. breath
4. puff, draw (of smoke)
5. gulp, draught
6. freedom, liberty, convenience, discretion

Declension

Declension of noun نَفَس (nafas)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	نَفَس nafas	النَّفَس‎ an-nafas	نَفَس nafas
Nominative	نَفَسٌ nafasun	النَّفَسُ‎ an-nafasu	نَفَسُ nafasu
Accusative	نَفَسًا‎ nafasan	النَّفَسَ‎ an-nafasa	نَفَسَ nafasa
Genitive	نَفَسٍ nafasin	النَّفَسِ‎ an-nafasi	نَفَسِ nafasi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	نَفَسَيْن‎ nafasayn	النَّفَسَيْن‎ an-nafasayn	نَفَسَيْ‎ nafasay
Nominative	نَفَسَانِ‎ nafasāni	النَّفَسَانِ‎ an-nafasāni	نَفَسَا‎ nafasā
Accusative	نَفَسَيْنِ‎ nafasayni	النَّفَسَيْنِ‎ an-nafasayni	نَفَسَيْ‎ nafasay
Genitive	نَفَسَيْنِ‎ nafasayni	النَّفَسَيْنِ‎ an-nafasayni	نَفَسَيْ‎ nafasay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَنْفَاس‎ ʔanfās	الْأَنْفَاس‎ al-ʔanfās	أَنْفَاس‎ ʔanfās
Nominative	أَنْفَاسٌ‎ ʔanfāsun	الْأَنْفَاسُ‎ al-ʔanfāsu	أَنْفَاسُ‎ ʔanfāsu
Accusative	أَنْفَاسًا‎ ʔanfāsan	الْأَنْفَاسَ‎ al-ʔanfāsa	أَنْفَاسَ‎ ʔanfāsa
Genitive	أَنْفَاسٍ‎ ʔanfāsin	الْأَنْفَاسِ‎ al-ʔanfāsi	أَنْفَاسِ‎ ʔanfāsi

Descendants

• Maltese: nifs
• → Azerbaijani: nəfəs
• → Armenian: նաֆաս (nafas), նաֆս (nafs)
• → Baluchi: نپس‎ (napas)
• → Malay: nafas
  • Indonesian: napas
    • → Amahai: napas
  • → Tausug: napas
• → Persian: نفس‎ (nafas)
• → Swahili: nafasi
• → Turkish: nefes
• → Uzbek: nafas

References

• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “نفس”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 700–701
• Freytag, Georg (1837), “نفس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 313
• Wehr, Hans (1979), “نفس”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 1155–1556

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Khalaj

Noun

نَفَس (nəfəs) (definite accusative نَفَسی‎, plural نَفَسلَر‎)

1. Arabic spelling of nəfəs (“breath”)

Declension

Declension of نفس

	singular	plural
nominative	نفس	نفسلَر‎
genitive	نفسیین‎	نفسلَریین‎
dative	نفسکه‎	نفسلَرکه‎
definite accusative	نفسی‎	نفسلَری‎
locative	نفسچه‎	نفسلَرچه‎
ablative	نفسده‎	نفسلَرده‎
instrumental	نفسله‎	نفسلَرله‎
equative	نفسوارا‎	نفسلَروارا‎
quantitative	نفسقَدَر‎	نفسلَرقَدَر‎

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Moroccan Arabic

Root
ن ف س‎
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic نَفَّسَ‎ (naffasa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /naf.fas/

Verb

نفس • (naffas) (form II, non-past ينفس‎ (ynaffas))

1. to vent, to air
2. to let out air
3. to fart on (someone)

   ‏نفستينا يا صاحبي!‎‎

   naffastīna ya sāḥbi

   You farted on us, dude!

Conjugation

Conjugation of نفس
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	نفّست‎ (naffast)	نفّستي‎ (naffasti)	نفّس (naffas)		نفّسنا‎ (naffasna)	نفّستوا‎ (naffastu)	نفّسوا‎ (naffsu)
	f			نفّست‎ (naffsāt)
non-past	m	ننفّس‎ (nnaffas)	تنفّس‎ (tnaffas)	ينفّس‎ (ynaffas)		ننفّسوا‎ (nnaffsu)	تنفّسوا‎ (tnaffsu)	ينفّسوا‎ (ynaffsu)
	f		تنفّسي‎ (tnaffsi)	تنفّس‎ (tnaffas)
imperative	m		نفّس (naffas)				نفّسوا‎ (naffsu)
	f		نفّسي‎ (naffsi)

Etymology 2

From Arabic نَفْس‎ (nafs).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nafs/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

نفس • (nafs) m

1. same used in the construct state, with a modifying noun, or after the noun with an enclitic pronoun attached to it

   ‏نفس الشي‎ ― nafs eš-ši ― the same thing

   ‏فنفس اليوم، فاليوم نفسه‎ ― f-nafs el-yūm, f-el-yūm nafsu ― on the same day

2. life, breath
3. inclination, appetite, proclivity

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic نَفَس‎ (nafas, “breath; soul”).

Noun

نفس • (nefes) (plural انفاس‎)

1. breath, the act or process of breathing

   Synonyms: دم‎ (dam), صولوق‎ (soluk)

2. the time of one breath, a brief moment of time
3. soul, the spirit of a person that lives on after one's death

   Synonyms: اوز‎ (öz), تن‎ (tin), جان‎ (can), روح‎ (ruh), زات‎ (zat)

4. self, one's individual personality, character or disposition
5. essence of anything, its very substance or reality

Descendants

• Turkish: nefes

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “nefes”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3512
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “نفس”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1282
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Halitus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 685
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “نفس”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 5223
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “nefes”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “نفس”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2095

Persian

Etymology 1

From Arabic نَفَس‎ (nafas).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [næˈfæs]

Noun

نفس • (nafas) (plural نفس‌ها‎ (nafas-hâ) or انفاس‎ (anfâs))

1. breath

Derived terms

• نفس کشیدن‎ (nafas kešidan)

Related terms

• تنفس‎ (tanaffos)

Etymology 2

From Arabic نَفْس‎ (nafs).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [næfs], [næːfs]

Noun

نفس • (nafs) (plural نفس‌ها‎ (nafs-hâ) or نفوس‎ (nofus))

1. soul, self
2. psyche
3. spirit, mind
4. personal identity

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ن ف س‎

Etymology 1

From Arabic نَفْس‎ (nafs).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nafs/, [nafs]

• Audio (Ramallah)

  (file)

Noun

نفس • (nafs) m (plural أنفس‎ (ʔanfos) or نفوس‎ (nufūs))

1. soul, spirit, psyche, mind
2. desire, appetite

   Synonym: شهيّة‎ (šahiyye)

Pronoun

نفس • (nafs-)

1. (with personal suffix) -self, -selves (reflexive pronoun)

   Synonym: حال‎ (ḥāl-)

   ‏أقنعت نفسي.‎‎

   ʔaqnaʕt nafsi

   I convinced myself.

   ‏المشية ممكن تسمعوها بأكتر من اسم، بس إحنا تركيزنا عالحركة نفسها.‎‎

   il-mašye mumken tismaʕūha bi-ʔaktar min ism, bas ʔeḥna tarkīzna ʕal-ḥarake nafsha

   You can hear "il-Mashye" go by more than one name, but our focus is on the move itself.

Inflection

Inflected forms of نفس
Base form					نفس (nafs)
Personal-pronoun- including forms		singular		plural
		m	f
1st person		نفسي‎ (nafsi)		نفسنا‎ (nafsna)
2nd person		نفسك‎ (nafsak)	نفسك‎ (nafsek)	نفسكم‎ (nafskom)
3rd person		نفسه‎ (nafso)	نفسها‎ (nafsha)	نفسهم‎ (nafshom)

Preposition

نفس • (nafs)

1. same

   ‏هادا نفس الشي.‎‎

   hāda nafs iš-šī

   That's the same thing.

Etymology 2

From Arabic نَفَّسَ‎ (naffasa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /naf.fas/, [ˈnaf.fas]

• Audio (al-Lidd)

  (file)

Verb

نفّس • (naffas) (form I, present بنفّس‎ (binaffes))

1. to breathe out, to exhale

   Antonym: تنفّس‎ (tnaffas)

2. (intransitive) to deflate

Conjugation

Conjugation of نفّس (naffas)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	نفّست (naffast)	نفّست (naffast)	نفّس (naffas)		نفّسنا (naffasna)	نفّستو (naffastu)	نفّسو (naffasu)
	f		نفّستي (naffasti)	نفّست (naffasat)
present	m	بنفّس (banaffes)	بتنفّس (bitnaffes)	بنفّس (binaffes)		مننفّس (minnaffes)	بتنفّسو (bitnaffsu)	بنفّسو (binaffsu)
	f		بتنفّسي (bitnaffsi)	بتنفّس (bitnaffes)
subjunctive	m	انفّس (anaffes)	تنفّس (tnaffes)	ينفّس (ynaffes)		ننفّس (nnaffes)	تنفّسو (tnaffsu)	ينفّسو (ynaffsu)
	f		تنفّسي (tnaffsi)	تنفّس (tnaffes)
imperative	m		نفّس (naffes)				نفّسو (naffsu)
	f		نفّسي (naffsi)

Etymology 3

From Arabic نَفَس‎ (nafas).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na.fas/, [ˈna.fas]

• Audio (Ramallah)

  (file)

Noun

نفس • (nafas) m

1. breathing, breath
2. nargileh, hookah, water pipe

   Synonym: أرجيلة‎ (ʔargīle)