ܫܢܬܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

From Aramaic שַׁתָּא (šattā), from Proto-Semitic *šanat-; compare Arabic سَنَة (sana), Hebrew שָׁנָה (shaná) and Akkadian 𒈬 (šattum).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ʃetːtɑː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ʃɑːtɑː]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [ʃiːtɑː]

Noun

ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ • (šēttā) f sg (plural ܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ (šinnē))

1. year (time period representing one revolution of the Earth around the Sun)

   ܝܘܼܪܟ݂ܵܐ ܕܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܬܪܸܥܣܲܪ ܝܲܪ̈ܚܹܐ

   yurḵā d-šēttā ìlēh triˁsar yarḥē

   The length of a year is twelve months.

   ܒܚܲܝܠܵܐ ܕܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ ܒܸܬ ܕܵܥܪܲܚ ܠܐܲܬܪܵܐ ܒܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ ܕܐܵܬ݂ܝܵܐ.

   bḥaylā d-allāhā bit dāˁraḥ l-atrā b-šēttā d-āṯyā.

   God willing we will return to Assyria next year.

   ܒܢܲܝ̈ ܚܵܠܝܼ ܫܘܼܢܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ ܠܒܲܝܬܵܐ ܐ݇ܚܪܹܢܵܐ ܒܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ ܕܥܒ݂ܝܼܪܵܗ̇.

   bnay ḥālī šūnē lhōn lbaytā ḥrēnā b-šēttā dˁḇīrāh.

   My cousins moved house last year.

2. (astronomy) year (corresponding time period for a different planet)

   ܥܲܠ ܢܸܪܓܲܠ، ܡܸܬ݂ܚܵܐ ܕܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܐܸܫܬܲܡܐܵܐ ܬܡܵܢܝܼܢ ܘܫܲܒ݂ܥܵܐ ܝܵܘܡܵܢܹ̈ܐ.

   ˁal nirgal, miṯḥā d-šēttā ìlēh ištamˀā tmānīn w-šaḇˁā yāwmānē.

   On Mars, the duration of a year is six hundred and eighty-seven days.

Inflection

Inflection of ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	–		1st person	ܫܹܢ݇ܬܝܼ (šēttī)		ܫܹܢ݇ܬܲܢ (šēttan)
	construct	ܫܹܢ݇ܬ (šēt)		2nd person	ܫܹܢ݇ܬܘܼܟ݂ (šēttūḵ)	ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܟ݂ܝ (šēttāḵ)	ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (šēttāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ (šēttā)		3rd person	ܫܹܢ݇ܬܹܗ (šēttēh)	ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܗ̇ (šēttāh)	ܫܹܢ݇ܬܗܘܿܢ (šētthōn)
plural	absolute	–		1st person	ܫܸܢܝܼ̈ (šinī)		ܫܸܢܲܢ̈ (šinnan)
	construct	ܫܢܲܝ̈ (šnay)		2nd person	ܫܸܢܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (šinūḵ)	ܫܸܢܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (šinnāḵ)	ܫܸܢܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (šinnāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܫܸܢܹ̈ܐ (šinnē)		3rd person	ܫܸܢܘܼ̈ܗܝ (šinūh)	ܫܸܢ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (šinnōh)	ܫܸܢܗ̈ܘܿܢ (šinhōn)

Coordinate terms

• ܝܵܘܡܵܐ (yāwmā, “day”), ܫܵܒ݂ܘܿܥܵܐ (šāḇōˁā, “week”), ܝܲܪܚܵܐ (yarḥā, “month”), ܐܸܩܡܵܐ (iqmā, “season”)
• ܥܣܲܪܬܵܐ (ˁsartā, “decade”), ܕܵܘܪܵܐ (dāwrā, “century”), ܐܲܠܦܵܝܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (alpāyūṯā, “millennium”)

Derived terms

• ܐܲܕ݇ܫܲܢ݇ܬ (aššat, “this year”)
• ܒܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ (b-šēttā, “during the year”)
• ܒܲܪ ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ (bar šēttā, “one-year-old”)
• ܓܵܘ ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ (gāw šēttā, “per annum”)
• ܟܠܫܲܢ݇ܬ (kulšat, “every year”)
• ܪܹܝܫ ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ (rēš šēttā, “new year”)
• ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ ܒܲܗܪܵܢܵܝܬܵܐ (šēttā bahrānāytā, “light year”)
• ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ ܟܒ݂ܝܼܫܬܵܐ (šēttā kḇīštā, “leap year”)
• ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ ܦܫܝܼܛܬܵܐ (šēttā pšīṭtā, “common year”)
• ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܢܵܐܝܼܬ݂ (šētānāˀīṯ, “yearly, annually”)
• ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܢܵܝܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (šētānāyūṯā, “annual cycle”)
• ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܢܵܝܵܐ (šētānāyā, “annual”)

Etymology 2

Root
ܝ ܫ ܢ (y š n)
1 term

Compare Arabic سِنَة (sina), Hebrew שֵׁנָה (sheiná).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ʃɪn.θɑː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ʃɪn.θa]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [ʃɪn.tɑː]

Noun

ܫܸܢܬ݂ܵܐ • (šinṯā) f

1. sleep

   ܝܼܠܵܗ̇ ܫܸܢܬ݂ܝܼ ― īlāh šinṯī ― I’m sleepy (literally, “It’s my sleep.”)

   ܠܵܐ ܝܠܵܗ̇ ܫܸܢܬ݂ܵܗ̇

   lā ìlāh šinṯāh

   She’s not sleepy.

   (literally, “It’s not her sleep.”)

Inflection

Inflection of ܫܸܢܬ݂ܵܐ

number	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	–		1st person			ܫܸܢܬ݂ܲܢ (šinṯan)
	construct	ܫܸܢܲܬ݂ (šinnaṯ)		2nd person	ܫܸܢܬ݂ܘܼܟ݂ (šinṯūḵ)	ܫܸܢܬ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ (šinṯāḵ)	ܫܸܢܬ݂ܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (šinṯāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܫܸܢܬ݂ܵܐ (šinṯā)		3rd person	ܫܸܢܬ݂ܹܗ (šinṯēh)	ܫܸܢܬ݂ܵܗ̇ (šinṯāh)	ܫܸܢܬ݂ܗܘܿܢ (šinṯhōn)

Derived terms

• ܫܸܢܬ݂ܵܢܵܐ (šinṯānā, “sleepy”)

Etymology 3

Compare Arabic أُشْنَة (ʔušna).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ʃan.tɑː]

Noun

ܫܲܢܬܵܐ • (šantā) f

1. moss, lichen

Inflection

Inflection of ܫܲܢܬܵܐ

number	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	–		1st person			ܫܲܢܬܲܢ (šantan)
	construct	ܫܲܢܲܬ݂ (šannaṯ)		2nd person	ܫܲܢܬܘܼܟ݂ (šantūḵ)	ܫܲܢܬܵܟ݂ܝ (šantāḵ)	ܫܲܢܬܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (šantāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܫܲܢܬܵܐ (šantā)		3rd person	ܫܲܢܬܹܗ (šantēh)	ܫܲܢܬܵܗ̇ (šantāh)	ܫܲܢܬܗܘܿܢ (šanthōn)

References

• “ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, (Can we date this quote?)
• “ܫܲܢܬ݂ܵܐ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, (Can we date this quote?)
• “ܫܸܢܬܵܐ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, (Can we date this quote?)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *šanat-.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): /ʃantɑ/, [ˈʃat.tɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈʃat.tɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈʃɑ.to]

Noun

ܫܢܬܐ • (ša[n]tā) f (plural ܫܢܝܐ (šənayyā))

1. year
2. age, era

Inflection

Inflection of ܫܢܬܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܫܢܐ		1st person	ܫܢܬܝ		ܫܢܬܢ
	construct	ܫܢܬ		2nd person	ܫܢܬܟ	ܫܢܬܟܝ	ܫܢܬܟܘܢ	ܫܢܬܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܫܢܬܐ		3rd person	ܫܢܬܗ	ܫܢܬܗ	ܫܢܬܗܘܢ	ܫܢܬܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܫܢܝܢ		1st person	ܫܢܝ		ܫܢܝܢ
	construct	ܫܢܝ		2nd person	ܫܢܝܟ	ܫܢܝܟܝ	ܫܢܝܟܘܢ	ܫܢܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܫܢܝܐ		3rd person	ܫܢܘܗܝ	ܫܢܝܗ	ܫܢܝܗܘܢ	ܫܢܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 2

Compare Arabic أُشْنَة (ʔušna).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈʃa(.)n(ə).θɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈʃan.θɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈʃɑn.θo]

Noun

ܫܢܬܐ • (šanəṯā) f(uncountable)

1. moss, lichen

Inflection

Inflection of ܫܢܬܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܫܢܐ		1st person	ܫܢܬܝ		ܫܢܬܢ
	construct	ܫܢܬ		2nd person	ܫܢܬܟ	ܫܢܬܟܝ	ܫܢܬܟܘܢ	ܫܢܬܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܫܢܬܐ		3rd person	ܫܢܬܗ	ܫܢܬܗ	ܫܢܬܗܘܢ	ܫܢܬܗܝܢ

Etymology 3

Root
ܝ ܫ ܢ
1 term

Compare Arabic سِنَة (sina) and Hebrew שֵׁנָה (šēnā).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈʃɛ(.)n(ə).θɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈʃɪn.θɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈʃen.θo]

Noun

ܫܢܬܐ • (šenəṯā) f(uncountable)

1. sleep

Inflection

Inflection of ܫܢܬܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܫܢܐ		1st person	ܫܢܬܝ		ܫܢܬܢ
	construct	ܫܢܬ		2nd person	ܫܢܬܟ	ܫܢܬܟܝ	ܫܢܬܟܘܢ	ܫܢܬܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܫܢܬܐ		3rd person	ܫܢܬܗ	ܫܢܬܗ	ܫܢܬܗܘܢ	ܫܢܬܗܝܢ

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ʃɛnˈnɑ.θɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ʃɪnˈnɑ.θɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ʃeˈno.θo]

Noun

ܫܢܬܐ • (šennāṯā)

1. emphatic plural of ܫܢܐ (šennā)

References

• “šnh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-07-10
• “šntˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-07-10
• “šnh²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2020-11-15
• Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 789b
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 374a
• Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen‎^[1] (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 385
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 587a, 588a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, pages 1581a–b