इतिहास
Hindi edit
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit इतिहास (itihāsa).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
इतिहास • (itihās) m (Urdu spelling اتہاس)
- history
- इतिहास के विभाग में पाँच व्याख्याता हैं।
- itihās ke vibhāg mẽ pā̃c vyākhyātā ha͠i.
- There are five lecturers in the history department.
- इतिहास दोहराता है। ― itihās dohrātā hai. ― History repeats [itself].
Declension edit
Declension of इतिहास (masc cons-stem)
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “इतिहास”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Marathi edit
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit इतिहास (itihāsa).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
इतिहास • (itihās) m
Nepali edit
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit इतिहास (itihāsa).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
इतिहास • (itihās)
Pali edit
Alternative forms edit
Alternative forms
Noun edit
इतिहास m
- Devanagari script form of itihāsa (“history”)
Declension edit
Declension table of "इतिहास" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | इतिहासो (itihāso) | इतिहासा (itihāsā) |
| Accusative (second) | इतिहासं (itihāsaṃ) | इतिहासे (itihāse) |
| Instrumental (third) | इतिहासेन (itihāsena) | इतिहासेहि (itihāsehi) or इतिहासेभि (itihāsebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | इतिहासस्स (itihāsassa) or इतिहासाय (itihāsāya) or इतिहासत्थं (itihāsatthaṃ) | इतिहासानं (itihāsānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | इतिहासस्मा (itihāsasmā) or इतिहासम्हा (itihāsamhā) or इतिहासा (itihāsā) | इतिहासेहि (itihāsehi) or इतिहासेभि (itihāsebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | इतिहासस्स (itihāsassa) | इतिहासानं (itihāsānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | इतिहासस्मिं (itihāsasmiṃ) or इतिहासम्हि (itihāsamhi) or इतिहासे (itihāse) | इतिहासेसु (itihāsesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | इतिहास (itihāsa) | इतिहासा (itihāsā) |
Sanskrit edit
Alternative forms edit
Alternative scripts
- ইতিহাস (Assamese script)
- ᬇᬢᬶᬳᬵᬲ (Balinese script)
- ইতিহাস (Bengali script)
- 𑰂𑰝𑰰𑰮𑰯𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀇𑀢𑀺𑀳𑀸𑀲 (Brahmi script)
- ဣတိဟာသ (Burmese script)
- ઇતિહાસ (Gujarati script)
- ਇਤਿਹਾਸ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌇𑌤𑌿𑌹𑌾𑌸 (Grantha script)
- ꦆꦠꦶꦲꦴꦱ (Javanese script)
- 𑂅𑂞𑂱𑂯𑂰𑂮 (Kaithi script)
- ಇತಿಹಾಸ (Kannada script)
- ឥតិហាស (Khmer script)
- ອິຕິຫາສ (Lao script)
- ഇതിഹാസ (Malayalam script)
- ᡳᢠᡳᡥᠠ᠊ᠠᠰ᠌ᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘂𑘝𑘱𑘮𑘰𑘭 (Modi script)
- ᠢᢐᠢᠾᠠᢗᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦢𑦽𑧒𑧎𑧑𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐂𑐟𑐶𑐴𑐵𑐳 (Newa script)
- ଇତିହାସ (Odia script)
- ꢄꢡꢶꢲꢵꢱ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆅𑆠𑆴𑆲𑆳𑆱 (Sharada script)
- 𑖂𑖝𑖰𑖮𑖯𑖭 (Siddham script)
- ඉතිහාස (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩑𑩫𑩑𑪂𑩛𑪁 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚂𑚙𑚮𑚩𑚭𑚨 (Takri script)
- இதிஹாஸ (Tamil script)
- ఇతిహాస (Telugu script)
- อิติหาส (Thai script)
- ཨི་ཏི་ཧཱ་ས (Tibetan script)
- 𑒃𑒞𑒱𑒯𑒰𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨁𑨙𑨁𑨱𑨊𑨰 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology edit
From इति (iti, “thus; so; like that”, quotative particle) + ह (ha, intensifying particle) + आस (āsa, “was”, first/third person perfective), from the root अस् (as, “to be”). Literally, "so it has been; it was exactly as narrated."
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
इतिहास • (itihāsá) stem, m
- legend; tradition; traditional account of history; story
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 15.6.4:
- स॒ बृहतीं॒ दि॒शम् अ॒नु व्य् अ॑चलत् ।
त॒म् इतिहास॒श् च पुराणं॒ च गा॒थाश् च नाराशंसी॒श् चानुव्य॑चलन् ।
इतिहास॒स्य च वै॒ स॒ पुराण॒स्य च गा॒थानां च नाराशंसी॒नां च प्रियं॒ धा॒म भवति य॒ एवं॒ वे॒द ॥- sa bṛ́hátīṃ diśám anú vy acalat .
tam ítíhā́saś cá púrā́ṇaṃ cá gāthā́ś cá nā́rā́śaṃsīś cā́núvyacalan .
ítíhā́sasyá cá vai sa púrā́ṇasyá cá gāthā́nā́ṃ cá nā́rāśaṃsīnā́ṃ cá príyaṃ dhāmá bhávátí ya évaṃ vedá .
- 1905 translation by W. D. Whitney
- He moved out toward the great quarter; after him moved out both the itihāsá ('narrative') and the purāṇá ('stories of eld') and the gā́thās ('songs') and nārāçaṅcī́s ('eulogies'). Verily both of the itihāsá and of the purāṇá and of the gā́thās and of the nārāçaṅcī́s doth he become the dear abode who knoweth thus.
- sa bṛ́hátīṃ diśám anú vy acalat .
- स॒ बृहतीं॒ दि॒शम् अ॒नु व्य् अ॑चलत् ।
- heroic legend; epic
Declension edit
| Masculine a-stem declension of इतिहास (itihāsá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | इतिहासः itihāsáḥ |
इतिहासौ / इतिहासा¹ itihāsaú / itihāsā́¹ |
इतिहासाः / इतिहासासः¹ itihāsā́ḥ / itihāsā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | इतिहास ítihāsa |
इतिहासौ / इतिहासा¹ ítihāsau / ítihāsā¹ |
इतिहासाः / इतिहासासः¹ ítihāsāḥ / ítihāsāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | इतिहासम् itihāsám |
इतिहासौ / इतिहासा¹ itihāsaú / itihāsā́¹ |
इतिहासान् itihāsā́n |
| Instrumental | इतिहासेन itihāséna |
इतिहासाभ्याम् itihāsā́bhyām |
इतिहासैः / इतिहासेभिः¹ itihāsaíḥ / itihāsébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | इतिहासाय itihāsā́ya |
इतिहासाभ्याम् itihāsā́bhyām |
इतिहासेभ्यः itihāsébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | इतिहासात् itihāsā́t |
इतिहासाभ्याम् itihāsā́bhyām |
इतिहासेभ्यः itihāsébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | इतिहासस्य itihāsásya |
इतिहासयोः itihāsáyoḥ |
इतिहासानाम् itihāsā́nām |
| Locative | इतिहासे itihāsé |
इतिहासयोः itihāsáyoḥ |
इतिहासेषु itihāséṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms edit
- ऐतिहासिक (aitihāsika)
Descendants edit
- → Sylheti: ꠁꠔꠤꠀꠍ (itiās)
- → Assamese: ইতিহাস (itihax)
- → Bengali: ইতিহাস (itihaś)
- → Gujarati: ઇતિહાસ (itihās)
- → Hindi: इतिहास (itihās)
- → Kannada: ಇತಿಹಾಸ (itihāsa)
- → Khmer: ឥតិហាស (ʼetehaah)
- → Malayalam: ഇതിഹാസം (itihāsaṁ)
- → Marathi: इतिहास (itihās)
- → Nepali: इतिहास (itihās)
- → Newar: इतिहास (itihāsa)
- → Pali: itihāsa
- → Rajasthani: इतियास (itiyās)
- → Tamil: இதிகாசம் (itikācam)
- → Telugu: ఇతిహాసము (itihāsamu)
- → Urdu: اتہاس (itihās)
- → Vaghri: ઇતિહાસ (itihās) (learned)
References edit
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “इतिहासः”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 382
- “इतिहास॑” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 74, column 1.
- Monier Williams (1899) “Iti-hâsa”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 165/2.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 189
