उच्छ्वास

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उच्छ्वास (ucchvāsá). Doublet of उसाँस (usā̃s). By surface analysis, उद्- (ud-) +‎ श्वास (śvās).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʊt̪.t͡ʃʰʋɑːs/, [ʊt̚.t͡ʃʰʋäːs]

Noun

उच्छ्वास • (ucchvās) m

1. (formal) breathing out, a breath, sigh
2. (rare) division of a book (especially a romance)

Declension

Declension of उच्छ्वास (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	उच्छ्वास ucchvās	उच्छ्वास ucchvās
oblique	उच्छ्वास ucchvās	उच्छ्वासों ucchvāsõ
vocative	उच्छ्वास ucchvās	उच्छ्वासो ucchvāso

Further reading

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “उच्छ्वास”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “उच्छ्वास”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उच्छ्वास (ucchvāsa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ut͡ɕ.t͡ɕʰʋas/

Noun

उच्छ्वास • (ucchvās) m

1. breathing

Declension

Declension of उच्छ्वास (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	उच्छ्वास ucchvās
direct plural	उच्छ्वास ucchvās
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	उच्छ्वास ucchvās		उच्छ्वास ucchvās
oblique सामान्यरूप	उच्छ्वासा ucchvāsā		उच्छ्वासां- ucchvāsān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	उच्छ्वासाला ucchvāsālā		उच्छ्वासांना ucchvāsānnā
ergative	उच्छ्वासाने, उच्छ्वासानं ucchvāsāne, ucchvāsāna		उच्छ्वासांनी ucchvāsānnī
instrumental	उच्छ्वासाशी ucchvāsāśī		उच्छ्वासांशी ucchvāsānśī
locative सप्तमी	उच्छ्वासात ucchvāsāt		उच्छ्वासांत ucchvāsāt
vocative संबोधन	उच्छ्वासा ucchvāsā		उच्छ्वासांनो ucchvāsānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of उच्छ्वास (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	उच्छ्वासाचा ucchvāsāċā	उच्छ्वासाचे ucchvāsāċe	उच्छ्वासाची ucchvāsācī	उच्छ्वासाच्या ucchvāsācā	उच्छ्वासाचे, उच्छ्वासाचं ucchvāsāċe, ucchvāsāċa	उच्छ्वासाची ucchvāsācī	उच्छ्वासाच्या ucchvāsācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	उच्छ्वासांचा ucchvāsānċā	उच्छ्वासांचे ucchvāsānċe	उच्छ्वासांची ucchvāsāñcī	उच्छ्वासांच्या ucchvāsāncā	उच्छ्वासांचे, उच्छ्वासांचं ucchvāsānċe, ucchvāsānċa	उच्छ्वासांची ucchvāsāñcī	उच्छ्वासांच्या ucchvāsāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Berntsen Date, Molesworth, Tulpule/Feldhaus Vaze (2022) “उच्छ्वास”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Marathi Dictionaries]

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• উচ্ছ্বাস (Assamese script)
• ᬉᬘ᭄ᬙ᭄ᬯᬵᬲ (Balinese script)
• উচ্ছ্বাস (Bengali script)
• 𑰄𑰓𑰿𑰔𑰿𑰪𑰯𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀲 (Brahmi script)
• ဥစ္ဆွာသ (Burmese script)
• ઉચ્છ્વાસ (Gujarati script)
• ਉਚ੍ਛ੍ਵਾਸ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌉𑌚𑍍𑌛𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌸 (Grantha script)
• ꦈꦕ꧀ꦖ꧀ꦮꦴꦱ (Javanese script)
• 𑂇𑂒𑂹𑂓𑂹𑂫𑂰𑂮 (Kaithi script)
• ಉಚ್ಛ್ವಾಸ (Kannada script)
• ឧច្ឆ្វាស (Khmer script)
• ອຸຈ຺ຉ຺ວາສ (Lao script)
• ഉച്ഛ്വാസ (Malayalam script)
• ᡠᢜᡮᠣᠸᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠰ᠌ᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘄𑘓𑘿𑘔𑘿𑘪𑘰𑘭 (Modi script)
• ᠤᢋᠼᢦ᠎ᠠᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦤𑦳𑧠𑦴𑧠𑧊𑧑𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐄𑐔𑑂𑐕𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐳 (Newa script)
• ଉଚ୍ଛ୍ଵାସ (Odia script)
• ꢆꢗ꣄ꢘ꣄ꢮꢵꢱ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆇𑆖𑇀𑆗𑇀𑆮𑆳𑆱 (Sharada script)
• 𑖄𑖓𑖿𑖔𑖿𑖪𑖯𑖭 (Siddham script)
• උච‍්ඡ‍්වාස (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩒𑩡 𑪙𑩢 𑪙𑩾𑩛𑪁 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚄𑚏𑚶𑚐𑚶𑚦𑚭𑚨 (Takri script)
• உச்ச்²வாஸ (Tamil script)
• ఉచ్ఛ్వాస (Telugu script)
• อุจฺฉฺวาส (Thai script)
• ཨུ་ཙྪྭཱ་ས (Tibetan script)
• 𑒅𑒔𑓂𑒕𑓂𑒫𑒰𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨃𑨣𑩇𑨤𑩇𑨭𑨊𑨰 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From उद्- (ud-) +‎ श्वास (śvāsá), from the root उच्छ्वस् (ucchvas). Many of its descendants derive from *ut-śvāsa, the form of उद्- (ud-) + श्वास (śvāsá) without applying the rules of sandhi. See also the descendants.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ut.t͡ɕʰʋɑː.sɐ́/, [ut̚.t͡ɕʰʋɑː.sɐ́]
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ut̪ˈt͡ɕʰʋɑː.s̪ɐ/, [ut̪̚ˈt͡ɕʰʋɑː.s̪ɐ]

Noun

उच्छ्वास • (ucchvāsá) stem, m

1. breathing out
2. breath, deep inspiration
3. expiration, death

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:मृत्यु

4. sigh
5. froth, yeast, foam
6. swelling up, rising, increasing
7. consolation, encouragement
8. pause in a narration
9. division of a book

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of उच्छ्वास (ucchvāsá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	उच्छ्वासः ucchvāsáḥ	उच्छ्वासौ / उच्छ्वासा¹ ucchvāsaú / ucchvāsā́¹	उच्छ्वासाः / उच्छ्वासासः¹ ucchvāsā́ḥ / ucchvāsā́saḥ¹
Vocative	उच्छ्वास úcchvāsa	उच्छ्वासौ / उच्छ्वासा¹ úcchvāsau / úcchvāsā¹	उच्छ्वासाः / उच्छ्वासासः¹ úcchvāsāḥ / úcchvāsāsaḥ¹
Accusative	उच्छ्वासम् ucchvāsám	उच्छ्वासौ / उच्छ्वासा¹ ucchvāsaú / ucchvāsā́¹	उच्छ्वासान् ucchvāsā́n
Instrumental	उच्छ्वासेन ucchvāséna	उच्छ्वासाभ्याम् ucchvāsā́bhyām	उच्छ्वासैः / उच्छ्वासेभिः¹ ucchvāsaíḥ / ucchvāsébhiḥ¹
Dative	उच्छ्वासाय ucchvāsā́ya	उच्छ्वासाभ्याम् ucchvāsā́bhyām	उच्छ्वासेभ्यः ucchvāsébhyaḥ
Ablative	उच्छ्वासात् ucchvāsā́t	उच्छ्वासाभ्याम् ucchvāsā́bhyām	उच्छ्वासेभ्यः ucchvāsébhyaḥ
Genitive	उच्छ्वासस्य ucchvāsásya	उच्छ्वासयोः ucchvāsáyoḥ	उच्छ्वासानाम् ucchvāsā́nām
Locative	उच्छ्वासे ucchvāsé	उच्छ्वासयोः ucchvāsáyoḥ	उच्छ्वासेषु ucchvāséṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Terms inherited from *ut-śvāsa

• Prakrit: 𑀉𑀲𑀸𑀲𑁆𑀲 (usāssa)
  • Magadhi Prakrit:
    • Sylheti: ꠃꠀ (ua)
    • Odia: ଉସାସ (usāsa)
    • Middle Bengali: উছাস (uchas)
    • Early Assamese: উশাস (uśaso)
      • Assamese: উশাহ (uxah)
  • Maharastri Prakrit:
    • Old Marathi:
      • Marathi: उसासा (usāsā)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit:
    • Hindustani:

      Hindi: उसाँस (usā̃s)

      Urdu: اساس (usā̃s)

Learned borrowings from उच्छ्वास (ucchvāsá)

• Assamese: উচ্ছ্বাস (usssax)
• Bengali: উচ্ছ্বাস (ucchaś)
• Gujarati: ઉચ્છ્વાસ (ucchvās)
• Hindi: उच्छ्वास (ucchvās)
• Marathi: उच्छ्वास (ucchvās)
• Nepali: उच्छ्वास (ucchvās)
• Tamil: உச்சுவாசம் (uccuvācam)
• Telugu: ఉచ్ఛ్వాసము (ucchvāsamu)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “उच्छ्वास”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 174.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “ucchvāsa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ucchvāsá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press