उच्छ्वास

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उच्छ्वास (ucchvāsá). Doublet of उसाँस (usā̃s). By surface analysis, उत्- (ut-) +‎ श्वास (śvās).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʊt̪.t͡ʃʰʋɑːs/, [ʊt̚.t͡ʃʰʋäːs]

Noun

उच्छ्वास • (ucchvās) m

1. (formal) breathing out, a breath, sigh
2. (rare) division of a book (especially a romance)

Declension

Declension of उच्छ्वास (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	उच्छ्वास ucchvās	उच्छ्वास ucchvās
oblique	उच्छ्वास ucchvās	उच्छ्वासों ucchvāsõ
vocative	उच्छ्वास ucchvās	उच्छ्वासो ucchvāso

Further reading

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “उच्छ्वास”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “उच्छ्वास”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• উচ্ছ্বাস (Assamese script)
• ᬉᬘ᭄ᬙ᭄ᬯᬵᬲ (Balinese script)
• উচ্ছ্বাস (Bengali script)
• 𑰄𑰓𑰿𑰔𑰿𑰪𑰯𑰭 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀲 (Brahmi script)
• ဥစ္ဆွာသ (Burmese script)
• ઉચ્છ્વાસ (Gujarati script)
• ਉਚੑਛੑਵਾਸ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌉𑌚𑍍𑌛𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌸 (Grantha script)
• ꦈꦕ꧀ꦖ꧀ꦮꦴꦱ (Javanese script)
• 𑂇𑂒𑂹𑂓𑂹𑂫𑂰𑂮 (Kaithi script)
• ಉಚ್ಛ್ವಾಸ (Kannada script)
• ឧច្ឆ្វាស (Khmer script)
• ອຸຈ຺ຉ຺ວາສ (Lao script)
• ഉച്ഛ്വാസ (Malayalam script)
• ᡠᢜᡮᠣᠸᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠰ᠌ᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘄𑘓𑘿𑘔𑘿𑘪𑘰𑘭 (Modi script)
• ᠤᢋᠼᢦ᠎ᠠᠰᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦤𑦳𑧠𑦴𑧠𑧊𑧑𑧍 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐄𑐔𑑂𑐕𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐳 (Newa script)
• ଉଚ୍ଛ୍ଵାସ (Odia script)
• ꢆꢗ꣄ꢘ꣄ꢮꢵꢱ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆇𑆖𑇀𑆗𑇀𑆮𑆳𑆱 (Sharada script)
• 𑖄𑖓𑖿𑖔𑖿𑖪𑖯𑖭 (Siddham script)
• උච‍්ඡ‍්වාස (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩒𑩡 𑪙𑩢 𑪙𑩾𑩛𑪁 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚄𑚏𑚶𑚐𑚶𑚦𑚭𑚨 (Takri script)
• உச்ச்²வாஸ (Tamil script)
• ఉచ్ఛ్వాస (Telugu script)
• อุจฺฉฺวาส (Thai script)
• ཨུ་ཙྪྭཱ་ས (Tibetan script)
• 𑒅𑒔𑓂𑒕𑓂𑒫𑒰𑒮 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨃𑨣𑩇𑨤𑩇𑨭𑨊𑨰 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From उद्- (ud-) +‎ श्वास (śvāsá), from the root उच्छ्वस् (ucchvas). Many of its descendants derive from *ut-śvāsa, the form of उत्- (ut-) + श्वास (śvāsá) without applying the rules of sandhi. See also the descendants.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ut.t͡ɕʰʋɑː.sɐ́/, [ut̚.t͡ɕʰʋɑː.sɐ́]
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ut̪ˈt͡ɕʰʋɑː.s̪ɐ/, [ut̪̚ˈt͡ɕʰʋɑː.s̪ɐ]

Noun

उच्छ्वास • (ucchvāsá) stem, m

1. breathing out
2. breath, deep inspiration
3. expiration, death

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:मृत्यु

4. sigh
5. froth, yeast, foam
6. swelling up, rising, increasing
7. consolation, encouragement
8. pause in a narration
9. division of a book

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of उच्छ्वास (ucchvāsá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	उच्छ्वासः ucchvāsáḥ	उच्छ्वासौ / उच्छ्वासा¹ ucchvāsaú / ucchvāsā́¹	उच्छ्वासाः / उच्छ्वासासः¹ ucchvāsā́ḥ / ucchvāsā́saḥ¹
Vocative	उच्छ्वास úcchvāsa	उच्छ्वासौ / उच्छ्वासा¹ úcchvāsau / úcchvāsā¹	उच्छ्वासाः / उच्छ्वासासः¹ úcchvāsāḥ / úcchvāsāsaḥ¹
Accusative	उच्छ्वासम् ucchvāsám	उच्छ्वासौ / उच्छ्वासा¹ ucchvāsaú / ucchvāsā́¹	उच्छ्वासान् ucchvāsā́n
Instrumental	उच्छ्वासेन ucchvāséna	उच्छ्वासाभ्याम् ucchvāsā́bhyām	उच्छ्वासैः / उच्छ्वासेभिः¹ ucchvāsaíḥ / ucchvāsébhiḥ¹
Dative	उच्छ्वासाय ucchvāsā́ya	उच्छ्वासाभ्याम् ucchvāsā́bhyām	उच्छ्वासेभ्यः ucchvāsébhyaḥ
Ablative	उच्छ्वासात् ucchvāsā́t	उच्छ्वासाभ्याम् ucchvāsā́bhyām	उच्छ्वासेभ्यः ucchvāsébhyaḥ
Genitive	उच्छ्वासस्य ucchvāsásya	उच्छ्वासयोः ucchvāsáyoḥ	उच्छ्वासानाम् ucchvāsā́nām
Locative	उच्छ्वासे ucchvāsé	उच्छ्वासयोः ucchvāsáyoḥ	उच्छ्वासेषु ucchvāséṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Terms inherited from *ut-śvāsa

• Prakrit: 𑀉𑀲𑀸𑀲𑁆𑀲 (usāssa)
  • Magadhi Prakrit:
    • Sylheti: ꠃꠀ (ua)
    • Odia: ଉସାସ (usasô)
    • Middle Bengali: উছাস (uchas)
    • Early Assamese: উশাস (uśaso)
      • Assamese: উশাহ (uxah)
  • Maharastri Prakrit:
    • Old Marathi:
      • Marathi: उसासा (usāsā)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit:
    • Hindustani:

      Hindi: उसाँस (usā̃s)

      Urdu: اساس (usā̃s)

Learned borrowings from उच्छ्वास (ucchvāsá)

• Assamese: উচ্ছ্বাস (usssax)
• Bengali: উচ্ছ্বাস (ucchaś)
• Gujarati: ઉચ્છ્વાસ (ucchvās)
• Hindi: उच्छ्वास (ucchvās)
• Marathi: उच्छ्वास (ucchvās)
• Nepali: उच्छ्वास (ucchvās)
• Tamil: உச்சுவாசம் (uccuvācam)
• Telugu: ఉచ్ఛ్వాసము (ucchvāsamu)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “उच्छ्वास”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 174.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “ucchvāsa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ucchvāsá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press