उपनिषद्
Hindi edit
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
उपनिषद् • (upniṣad) m or f
- Alternative spelling of उपनिषद (upniṣad)
Declension edit
Declension of उपनिषद् (sg-only masc cons-stem // fem cons-stem)
| singular | |
|---|---|
| direct | उपनिषद् upniṣad |
| oblique | उपनिषद् upniṣad |
| vocative | उपनिषद् upniṣad |
Marathi edit
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
उपनिषद् • (upniṣad) n
- Alternative spelling of उपनिषद (upniṣad)
Nepali edit
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उपनिषद् (upaniṣad).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
उपनिषद् • (upaniṣad)
Declension edit
| Declension of उपनिषद् | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||
| nominative | उपनिषद् [upʌnisʌd̪] | उपनिषद्हरू [upʌnisʌd̪ɦʌɾu] | |
| accusative | उपनिषद्लाई [upʌnisʌd̪läi] | उपनिषद्हरूलाई [upʌnisʌd̪ɦʌɾuläi] | |
| instrumental/ergative | उपनिषद्ले [upʌnisʌd̪le] | उपनिषद्हरूले [upʌnisʌd̪ɦʌɾule] | |
| dative | उपनिषद्लाई [upʌnisʌd̪läi] | उपनिषद्हरूलाई [upʌnisʌd̪ɦʌɾuläi] | |
| ablative | उपनिषद्बाट [upʌnisʌd̪̚bäʈʌ] | उपनिषद्हरूबाट [upʌnisʌd̪ɦʌɾubäʈʌ] | |
| genitive | उपनिषद्को [upʌnisʌd̪̚ko] | उपनिषद्हरूको [upʌnisʌd̪ɦʌɾuko] | |
| locative | उपनिषद्मा [upʌnisʌd̪mä] | उपनिषद्हरूमा [upʌnisʌd̪ɦʌɾumä] | |
| Notes: | |||
Further reading edit
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1931) “उपनिषद्”, in A comparative and etymological dictionary of the Nepali language, London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner
Sanskrit edit
Alternative scripts edit
Alternative scripts
- উপনিষদ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬉᬧᬦᬶᬱᬤ᭄ (Balinese script)
- উপনিষদ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰄𑰢𑰡𑰰𑰬𑰟𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀉𑀧𑀦𑀺𑀱𑀤𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- ဥပနိၑဒ် (Burmese script)
- ઉપનિષદ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਉਪਨਿਸ਼ਦੑ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌉𑌪𑌨𑌿𑌷𑌦𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦈꦥꦤꦶꦰꦢ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂇𑂣𑂢𑂱𑂭𑂠𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಉಪನಿಷದ್ (Kannada script)
- ឧបនិឞទ៑ (Khmer script)
- ອຸປນິຩທ຺ (Lao script)
- ഉപനിഷദ് (Malayalam script)
- ᡠᢒᠠᠨᡳᢢᠠᡩ (Manchu script)
- 𑘄𑘢𑘡𑘱𑘬𑘟𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠤᢒᠠᠨᠢᢔᠠᢑ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦤𑧂𑧁𑧒𑧌𑦿𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐄𑐥𑐣𑐶𑐲𑐡𑑂 (Newa script)
- ଉପନିଷଦ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢆꢦꢥꢶꢰꢣ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆇𑆥𑆤𑆴𑆰𑆢𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖄𑖢𑖡𑖰𑖬𑖟𑖿 (Siddham script)
- උපනිෂද් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩒𑩰𑩯𑩑𑪀𑩭 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚄𑚞𑚝𑚮𑚛𑚶 (Takri script)
- உபநிஷத்³ (Tamil script)
- ఉపనిషద్ (Telugu script)
- อุปนิษทฺ (Thai script)
- ཨུ་པ་ནི་ཥ་ད྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒅𑒣𑒢𑒱𑒭𑒠𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨃𑨞𑨝𑨁𑨯𑨛𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology edit
From उप- (upa-, “near to, towards”) + नि (ni, “down”) + सद् (sad, “to sit”).
Pronunciation edit
for the noun:
Noun edit
उपनिषद् • (upaniṣád) stem, f
- an esoteric or secret doctrine, mystical meaning, words of mystery
- mystical knowledge or instruction
- true knowledge regarding the supreme spirit
- c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 10.14.24:
- एवंविधं त्वां सकलात्मनामपि स्वात्मानमात्मात्मतया विचक्षते। गुर्वर्कलब्ध्ओपनिषत्सुचक्षुषा ये ते तरन्तीव भवानृताम्बुधिम्॥
- evaṃvidhaṃ tvāṃ sakalātmanāmapi svātmānamātmātmatayā vicakṣate. gurvarkalabdhopaniṣatsucakṣuṣā ye te tarantīva bhavānṛtāmbudhim.
- Those who have received the clear vision of true knowledge from the sunlike spiritual master, can see you in this way, as the very soul of all souls, the supersoul of everyone’s own self. Thus understanding your original personality, they are able to cross over the ocean of illusory material existence.
- एवंविधं त्वां सकलात्मनामपि स्वात्मानमात्मात्मतया विचक्षते। गुर्वर्कलब्ध्ओपनिषत्सुचक्षुषा ये ते तरन्तीव भवानृताम्बुधिम्॥
- c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 10.87.43:
- इत्यशेषसमाम्नायपुराण्ओपनिषद्रसः। समुद्धृतः पूर्वजातैर्व्योमयानैर्महात्मभिः॥
- ityaśeṣasamāmnāyapurāṇopaniṣadrasaḥ. samuddhṛtaḥ pūrvajātairvyomayānairmahātmabhiḥ.
- Thus the ancient saints who travel in the upper heavens distilled this nectarean and confidential essence of all the Vedas and Purāṇas.
- इत्यशेषसमाम्नायपुराण्ओपनिषद्रसः। समुद्धृतः पूर्वजातैर्व्योमयानैर्महात्मभिः॥
- sacred or religious lore
- secrecy, seclusion
- a lonely place
- religious observance
- meditation
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:ध्यान
Proper noun edit
उपनिषद् • (upaniṣád) stem, f
- Upanishad
- c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 10.45.33:
- तयोर्द्विजवरस्तुष्टः शुद्धभावानुवृत्तिभिः। प्रोवाच वेदानखिलान् सङ्ग्ओपनिषदो गुरुः॥
- tayordvijavarastuṣṭaḥ śuddhabhāvānuvṛttibhiḥ. provāca vedānakhilān saṅgopaniṣado guruḥ.
- That best of brāhmaṇas, the spiritual master Sāndīpani, was satisfied with Their submissive behaviour, and thus he taught them the entire Vedas, together with their six corollaries and the Upaniṣads.
- तयोर्द्विजवरस्तुष्टः शुद्धभावानुवृत्तिभिः। प्रोवाच वेदानखिलान् सङ्ग्ओपनिषदो गुरुः॥
- a Vedic mantra
- c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 8.7.29:
- मुखानि पञ्च्ओपनिषदस्तवेश यैस्त्रिंशदष्टोत्तरमन्त्रवर्गः। यत्तच्छिवाख्यं परमात्मतत्त्वं देव स्वयंज्योतिरवस्थितिस्ते॥
- mukhāni pañcopaniṣadastaveśa yaistriṃśadaṣṭottaramantravargaḥ. yattacchivākhyaṃ paramātmatattvaṃ deva svayaṃjyotiravasthitiste.
- O lord, the five important Vedic mantras are represented by your five faces, from which the thirty-eight most celebrated Vedic mantras have been generated. Your Lordship, being celebrated as Lord Śiva, is self-illuminated. You are directly situated as the supreme truth, known as Paramātman.
- मुखानि पञ्च्ओपनिषदस्तवेश यैस्त्रिंशदष्टोत्तरमन्त्रवर्गः। यत्तच्छिवाख्यं परमात्मतत्त्वं देव स्वयंज्योतिरवस्थितिस्ते॥
Descendants edit
- Prakrit: 𑀉𑀯𑀡𑀺𑀲𑀆 (uvaṇisaā)
- → Hindustani: upniṣad
- Hindi: उपनिषद
- Urdu: اُپْنِیشَد (upnīśad)
- → Nepali: उपनिषद् (upaniṣad)
- → Old Marathi: upanikheda (semi-learned)
- Marathi: उपनिषद (upniṣad)
- → Persian: اپنکهت (opnekhat) (likely through Early New Indo-Aryan with ṣa to kha)
- → Telugu: ఉపనిషత్తు (upaniṣattu)
Root edit
उपनिषद् • (upaniṣad)
Further reading edit
- Monier Williams (1899) “उपनिषद्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 201, column 1.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “upaniṣad”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “उपनिषद्”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “उपनिषद्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press