फल
Awadhi edit
Etymology edit
From Ardhamagadhi Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala), from Sanskrit फल (phála), borrowed from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam (“ripe fruit”).
Noun edit
फल (phal)
- fruit
- तुलसीदास (Tulsīdās), हनुमान चालीसा (Hanumān cālīsā) :
- बरनउँ रघुबर बिमल जसु जो दायकु फल चारि
- barna͠u raghubar bimal jasu jo dāyku phal cāri
- I describe the unblemished glory of Rama, which bestows the four fruits
- बरनउँ रघुबर बिमल जसु जो दायकु फल चारि
Hindi edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala), from Sanskrit फल (phála), commonly considered a borrowing from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam (“ripe fruit”). Cognate with Gujarati ફળ (phaḷ), Nepali फल (phal), Marathi फळ (phaḷ), Rajasthani फळ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
फल • (phal) m (Urdu spelling پھل)
- fruits
- वह पक्का फल खाने में अच्छा था।
- vah pakkā phal khāne mẽ acchā thā.
- The ripe fruit was good to eat.
- result, outcome
- Synonym: परिणाम (pariṇām)
- उसने अपने परिश्रम के फल का उपभोग किया।
- usne apne pariśram ke phal kā upbhog kiyā.
- He enjoyed the results of his labor.
Declension edit
References edit
- Bahri, Hardev (1989), “फल”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “phála”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Nepali edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Khasa Prakrit [Term?] (compare Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala)), from Sanskrit फल (phála), borrowed from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam (“ripe fruit”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
फल • (phal)
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
फल • (phala)
- second-person mid respect singular imperative of फल्नु (phalnu)
References edit
- “फल”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
- Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993), “फल”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar
Pali edit
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
फल n
- Devanagari script form of phala
Declension edit
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | फलं (phalaṃ) | फलानि (phalāni) |
Accusative (second) | फलं (phalaṃ) | फलानि (phalāni) |
Instrumental (third) | फलेन (phalena) | फलेहि (phalehi) or फलेभि (phalebhi) |
Dative (fourth) | फलस्स (phalassa) or फलाय (phalāya) or फलत्थं (phalatthaṃ) | फलानं (phalānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | फलस्मा (phalasmā) or फलम्हा (phalamhā) or फला (phalā) | फलेहि (phalehi) or फलेभि (phalebhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | फलस्स (phalassa) | फलानं (phalānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | फलस्मिं (phalasmiṃ) or फलम्हि (phalamhi) or फले (phale) | फलेसु (phalesu) |
Vocative (calling) | फल (phala) | फलानि (phalāni) |
Rajbanshi edit
Etymology edit
From Magadhi Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala), from Sanskrit फल (phála), Derived from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam (“ripe fruit”).
Noun edit
Sanskrit edit
Alternative scripts edit
- ফল (Assamese script)
- ᬨᬮ (Balinese script)
- ফল (Bengali script)
- 𑰣𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀨𑀮 (Brahmi script)
- ဖလ (Burmese script)
- ફલ (Gujarati script)
- ਫਲ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌫𑌲 (Grantha script)
- ꦦꦭ (Javanese script)
- 𑂤𑂪 (Kaithi script)
- ಫಲ (Kannada script)
- ផល (Khmer script)
- ຜລ (Lao script)
- ഫല (Malayalam script)
- ᡦᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘣𑘩 (Modi script)
- ᠹᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧃𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐦𑐮 (Newa script)
- ଫଲ (Odia script)
- ꢧꢭ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆦𑆬 (Sharada script)
- 𑖣𑖩 (Siddham script)
- ඵල (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩱𑩽 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚟𑚥 (Takri script)
- ப²ல (Tamil script)
- ఫల (Telugu script)
- ผล (Thai script)
- ཕ་ལ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒤𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨟𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology edit
Uncertain. The original meaning was "fruit". It is commonly considered a borrowing from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam (“ripe fruit”), from *paẓV- (“to ripen, become mature”) (compare Tamil பழம் (paḻam), Malayalam പഴം (paḻaṁ), Telugu పండు (paṇḍu) and Kannada ಹಣ್ಣು (haṇṇu)). However, Mayrhofer says nothing speaks for that and instead groups it with the family of words derived from the root फल् (phal, “to burst, split”) (as ripe fruit is prone to burst, see below for other words related to "bursting, splitting"). It might derive from Proto-Indo-European *(s)bʰel- (“to swell”) (with S-mobile).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
फल • (phala) stem, m
- coral swirl (Wrightia antidysenterica)
- Synonyms: काही (kāhī), शनपर्णी (śanaparṇī), गिरिमल्लिका (girimallikā), कौटज (kauṭaja), वृक्षक (vṛkṣaka), शक्रपादप (śakrapādapa), सङ्ग्राहिन् (saṅgrāhin), वत्सक (vatsaka), वरतिक्त (varatikta), कुटज (kuṭaja), शक्रपर्याय (śakraparyāya), कोहिन् (kohin), शक्र (śakra), भद्रज (bhadraja), वत्साह्वय (vatsāhvaya), तिक्त (tikta), महागन्ध (mahāgandha), कौट (kauṭa), शक्रवृक्ष (śakravṛkṣa), वृक्ष (vṛkṣa), कूटज (kūṭaja), प्रावृषेण्य (prāvṛṣeṇya), कलिङ्ग (kaliṅga), प्रावृष्य (prāvṛṣya), कालिङ्गक (kāliṅgaka), यवफल (yavaphala), पाण्डुरद्रुम (pāṇḍuradruma), कालिङ्ग (kāliṅga)
Declension edit
Masculine a-stem declension of फल (phala) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | फलः phalaḥ |
फलौ / फला¹ phalau / phalā¹ |
फलाः / फलासः¹ phalāḥ / phalāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | फल phala |
फलौ / फला¹ phalau / phalā¹ |
फलाः / फलासः¹ phalāḥ / phalāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | फलम् phalam |
फलौ / फला¹ phalau / phalā¹ |
फलान् phalān |
Instrumental | फलेन phalena |
फलाभ्याम् phalābhyām |
फलैः / फलेभिः¹ phalaiḥ / phalebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | फलाय phalāya |
फलाभ्याम् phalābhyām |
फलेभ्यः phalebhyaḥ |
Ablative | फलात् phalāt |
फलाभ्याम् phalābhyām |
फलेभ्यः phalebhyaḥ |
Genitive | फलस्य phalasya |
फलयोः phalayoḥ |
फलानाम् phalānām |
Locative | फले phale |
फलयोः phalayoḥ |
फलेषु phaleṣu |
Notes |
|
Noun edit
फल • (phála) stem, n
- fruit
- kernel or seed of a fruit
- profit, gain, reward
- interest on capital
- compensation
- booty
- (figuratively) result, yield, consequence, effect, retribution
- benefit, enjoyment
- (rhetoric) the issue or end of an action
- (mathematics) result of a calculation
- product or quotient
- (mathematics, arithmetics) mean ― The third term in the rule of three or cross-multiplication
- (mathematics, geometry) area or superficial contents of a figure
- corrective equation
- menstrual discharge, menses, periods
- Synonym: प्रसव (prasava)
- gift, donation
- gameboard
- blade (of fan, etc.)
- vane, weathervane (of wind mill)
- arrowhead
- shield
- ploughshare
- a point or spot on a die
Declension edit
Neuter a-stem declension of फल (phála) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | फलम् phálam |
फले phále |
फलानि / फला¹ phálāni / phálā¹ |
Vocative | फल phála |
फले phále |
फलानि / फला¹ phálāni / phálā¹ |
Accusative | फलम् phálam |
फले phále |
फलानि / फला¹ phálāni / phálā¹ |
Instrumental | फलेन phálena |
फलाभ्याम् phálābhyām |
फलैः / फलेभिः¹ phálaiḥ / phálebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | फलाय phálāya |
फलाभ्याम् phálābhyām |
फलेभ्यः phálebhyaḥ |
Ablative | फलात् phálāt |
फलाभ्याम् phálābhyām |
फलेभ्यः phálebhyaḥ |
Genitive | फलस्य phálasya |
फलयोः phálayoḥ |
फलानाम् phálānām |
Locative | फले phále |
फलयोः phálayoḥ |
फलेषु pháleṣu |
Notes |
|
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Assamese: ফল (phol)
- → Bengali: ফল (phol)
- Chakma: 𑄜𑄧𑄣𑄴 (phal)
- → Gujarati: ફળ (phaḷ)
- Pali: phala
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀨𑀮 (phala)
- → Khmer: ផល (pʰɑl), ផល្លា (pʰalla)
- → Malay: pahala (ڤهالا), pala
- → Malayalam: ഫലം (phalaṁ)
- → Marathi: फळ (phaḷ)
- Nepali: फल (phal)
- → Old Javanese: phala
- Rajasthani: फळ (phaḷ)
- Sylheti: ꠚꠟ (fôl)
- → Tamil: பலன் (palaṉ), பயன் (payaṉ)
- → Telugu: ఫలము (phalamu)
- → Thai: ผล (pǒn)
References edit
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 201-2
Further reading edit
- Monier Williams (1899), “फल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 716/2.