Awadhi edit

Etymology edit

From Ardhamagadhi Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala), from Sanskrit फल (phála), borrowed from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam (ripe fruit).

Noun edit

फल (phal)

  1. fruit
    • तुलसीदास (Tulsīdās), हनुमान चालीसा (Hanumān cālīsā) :
      बरनउँ रघुबर बिमल जसु जो दायकु फल चारि
      barna͠u raghubar bimal jasu jo dāyku phal cāri
      I describe the unblemished glory of Rama, which bestows the four fruits

Hindi edit

 
Hindi Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia hi

Etymology edit

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala), from Sanskrit फल (phála), commonly considered a borrowing from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam (ripe fruit). Cognate with Gujarati ફળ (phaḷ), Nepali फल (phal), Marathi फळ (phaḷ), Rajasthani फळ.

Pronunciation edit

  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /pʰəl/, [pʰɐl]
  • Rhymes: -əl

Noun edit

फल (phalm (Urdu spelling پھل)

  1. fruits
    वह पक्का फल खाने में अच्छा था।
    vah pakkā phal khāne mẽ acchā thā.
    The ripe fruit was good to eat.
  2. result, outcome
    Synonym: परिणाम (pariṇām)
    उसने अपने परिश्रम के फल का उपभोग किया।
    usne apne pariśram ke phal kā upbhog kiyā.
    He enjoyed the results of his labor.

Declension edit

References edit

  • Bahri, Hardev (1989), “फल”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “phála”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Nepali edit

 
Nepali Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ne

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Khasa Prakrit [Term?] (compare Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala)), from Sanskrit फल (phála), borrowed from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam (ripe fruit).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

फल (phal)

  1. fruit
  2. reward

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

फल (phala)

  1. second-person mid respect singular imperative of फल्नु (phalnu)

References edit

  • फल”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
  • Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993), “फल”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

Pali edit

Alternative forms edit

Noun edit

फल n

  1. Devanagari script form of phala

Declension edit

Rajbanshi edit

Etymology edit

From Magadhi Prakrit 𑀨𑀮 (phala), from Sanskrit फल (phála), Derived from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam (ripe fruit).

Noun edit

फल (phal) (classifier , plural फलला)

  1. fruit

Sanskrit edit

Alternative scripts edit

Etymology edit

Uncertain. The original meaning was "fruit". It is commonly considered a borrowing from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam (ripe fruit), from *paẓV- (to ripen, become mature) (compare Tamil பழம் (paḻam), Malayalam പഴം (paḻaṁ), Telugu పండు (paṇḍu) and Kannada ಹಣ್ಣು (haṇṇu)). However, Mayrhofer says nothing speaks for that and instead groups it with the family of words derived from the root फल् (phal, to burst, split) (as ripe fruit is prone to burst, see below for other words related to "bursting, splitting"). It might derive from Proto-Indo-European *(s)bʰel- (to swell) (with S-mobile).[1]

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

फल (phala) stemm

  1. coral swirl (Wrightia antidysenterica)
    Synonyms: काही (kāhī), शनपर्णी (śanaparṇī), गिरिमल्लिका (girimallikā), कौटज (kauṭaja), वृक्षक (vṛkṣaka), शक्रपादप (śakrapādapa), सङ्ग्राहिन् (saṅgrāhin), वत्सक (vatsaka), वरतिक्त (varatikta), कुटज (kuṭaja), शक्रपर्याय (śakraparyāya), कोहिन् (kohin), शक्र (śakra), भद्रज (bhadraja), वत्साह्वय (vatsāhvaya), तिक्त (tikta), महागन्ध (mahāgandha), कौट (kauṭa), शक्रवृक्ष (śakravṛkṣa), वृक्ष (vṛkṣa), कूटज (kūṭaja), प्रावृषेण्य (prāvṛṣeṇya), कलिङ्ग (kaliṅga), प्रावृष्य (prāvṛṣya), कालिङ्गक (kāliṅgaka), यवफल (yavaphala), पाण्डुरद्रुम (pāṇḍuradruma), कालिङ्ग (kāliṅga)

Declension edit

Masculine a-stem declension of फल (phala)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative फलः
phalaḥ
फलौ / फला¹
phalau / phalā¹
फलाः / फलासः¹
phalāḥ / phalāsaḥ¹
Vocative फल
phala
फलौ / फला¹
phalau / phalā¹
फलाः / फलासः¹
phalāḥ / phalāsaḥ¹
Accusative फलम्
phalam
फलौ / फला¹
phalau / phalā¹
फलान्
phalān
Instrumental फलेन
phalena
फलाभ्याम्
phalābhyām
फलैः / फलेभिः¹
phalaiḥ / phalebhiḥ¹
Dative फलाय
phalāya
फलाभ्याम्
phalābhyām
फलेभ्यः
phalebhyaḥ
Ablative फलात्
phalāt
फलाभ्याम्
phalābhyām
फलेभ्यः
phalebhyaḥ
Genitive फलस्य
phalasya
फलयोः
phalayoḥ
फलानाम्
phalānām
Locative फले
phale
फलयोः
phalayoḥ
फलेषु
phaleṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Noun edit

फल (phála) stemn

  1. fruit
    इदं फलम् मदीयम्।idaṃ phalam madīyam.This fruit is mine.
    बालिका वानरेभ्यः फलानि यच्छति।bālikā vānarebhyaḥ phalāni yacchati.The girl gives fruits to the monkeys.
    Synonyms: सस्य (sasya), प्रसून (prasūna), परीर (parīra), इष्टि (iṣṭi)
  2. kernel or seed of a fruit
    1. nutmeg
  3. profit, gain, reward
    1. interest on capital
    2. compensation
    3. booty
  4. (figuratively) result, yield, consequence, effect, retribution
    Synonyms: परिणाम (pariṇāma), व्युष्टि (vyuṣṭi), सद (sada), भव्य (bhavya)
  5. benefit, enjoyment
  6. (rhetoric) the issue or end of an action
  7. (mathematics) result of a calculation
    1. product or quotient
    2. (mathematics, arithmetics) mean ― The third term in the rule of three or cross-multiplication
  8. (mathematics, geometry) area or superficial contents of a figure
  9. corrective equation
  10. menstrual discharge, menses, periods
    Synonym: प्रसव (prasava)
  11. gift, donation
  12. gameboard
  13. blade (of fan, etc.)
    1. vane, weathervane (of wind mill)
    2. arrowhead
    3. shield
    4. ploughshare
  14. a point or spot on a die

Declension edit

Neuter a-stem declension of फल (phála)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative फलम्
phálam
फले
phále
फलानि / फला¹
phálāni / phálā¹
Vocative फल
phála
फले
phále
फलानि / फला¹
phálāni / phálā¹
Accusative फलम्
phálam
फले
phále
फलानि / फला¹
phálāni / phálā¹
Instrumental फलेन
phálena
फलाभ्याम्
phálābhyām
फलैः / फलेभिः¹
phálaiḥ / phálebhiḥ¹
Dative फलाय
phálāya
फलाभ्याम्
phálābhyām
फलेभ्यः
phálebhyaḥ
Ablative फलात्
phálāt
फलाभ्याम्
phálābhyām
फलेभ्यः
phálebhyaḥ
Genitive फलस्य
phálasya
फलयोः
phálayoḥ
फलानाम्
phálānām
Locative फले
phále
फलयोः
phálayoḥ
फलेषु
pháleṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Descendants edit

References edit

  1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 201-2

Further reading edit