Wiktionary

मैं

See also: म and में

Dogri

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Etymology

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From Khasa Prakrit [Term?] (compare Prakrit 𑀫𑀏 (mae)), from Sanskrit मया (mayā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máyaH (the instrumental singular of *aȷ́ʰám (“I”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁móy.

Pronoun

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मैं (ma͠i)

  1. I

Hindi

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Etymology

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    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-Iranian *máyaH
    Sanskrit मया (mayā)
    Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀬𑀸 (mayā)
    Prakrit 𑀫𑀏 (mae)
    Sauraseni Apabhramsa मइं (maïṃ)
    Old Hindi मैं (maiṃ)
    Hindi मैं (ma͠i)

    Inherited from Old Hindi मैं (maiṃ), from Apabhramsa मइं (maĩ), from Prakrit 𑀫𑀏 (mae), from Sanskrit मया (mayā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máyaH (the instrumental singular of *aȷ́ʰám (“I”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁móy.[1][2][3]

    Cognate to Punjabi ਮੈਂ (maĩ), Nepali म (ma), Assamese মই (moi), Odia ମୁଁ (mũ) , Sylheti ꠝꠥꠁ (mui), Bengali মুই (mui), Marathi मी (mī), all deriving from oblique forms of the first-person personal pronoun.

    Pronunciation

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    • (Delhi) IPA(key): /mɛ̃ː/
    • (dialectal) (Delhi) IPA(key): /mə.ĩː/, [mɐ.ĩː]
    • Audio:(file)

    Pronoun

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    मैं • (ma͠i) m or f (Urdu spelling مَیں)

    1. I (the first person personal singular pronoun)
      मैं एक आदमी हूँ। ― ma͠i ek ādmī hū̃. ― I am a man.

    Inflection

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    Declension of मैं
    direct मैं (ma͠i)
    indirect मुझ (mujh)
    ergative मैंने (ma͠ine)
    genitive मेरा (merā)
    dative मुझे, मुझको (mujhe, mujhko)
    instrumental/
    ablative     		मुझसे (mujhse)
    inessive मुझमें (mujhmẽ)
    adessive मुझपे, मुझपर (mujhpe, mujhpar)
    terminative मुझतक (mujhtak)
    semblative मुझसा (mujhsā)

    Synonyms

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    • हम (ham) (dialectal, colloquial)

    References

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    1. ^ Vit Bubenik, Chitra Paranjape (1996 April) “Development of Pronominal Systems from Apabhraṃśa to New Indo-Aryan”, in Indo-Iranian Journal‎[1], volume 39, number 2, Brill, pages 111–132
    2. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ma”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
    3. ^ Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages‎[2], Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass

    Further reading

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    • McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “मैं”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
    • Platts, John T. (1884) “मैं”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
    • Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “मैं”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

    Kumaoni

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    Etymology

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    From Khasa Prakrit [Term?] (compare Prakrit 𑀫𑀏 (mae)), from Sanskrit मया (mayā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máyaH (the instrumental singular of *aȷ́ʰám (“I”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁móy.

    Pronoun

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    मैं (ma͠i)

    1. I

    Old Hindi

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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      Etymology tree
      Proto-Indo-Iranian *máyaH
      Sanskrit मया (mayā)
      Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀬𑀸 (mayā)
      Prakrit 𑀫𑀏 (mae)
      Sauraseni Apabhramsa मइं (maïṃ)
      Old Hindi मैं (maiṃ)

      Inherited from Apabhramsa मइं (maĩ), from Prakrit 𑀫𑀏 (mae), from Sanskrit मया (mayā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máyaH (the instrumental singular of *aȷ́ʰám (“I”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁móy.

      Pronoun

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      मैं (maiṃ)

      1. I
        • c. 1500, Kabir, Assorted Poetry, pad 76, line 3:
          जग मैं देषूँ जग न देषि मोहि
          jaga maiṃ deṣūm̐ jaga na deṣi mohi
          I see the world, [but] the world does not see me.

      Descendants

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      • Hindustani:
        Hindi: मैं (ma͠i)
        Urdu: میں (ma͠i)
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