वच्

See also: वाच् and वाचा

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৱচ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬯᬘ᭄ (Balinese script)
• বচ্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰓𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑀘𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ဝစ် (Burmese script)
• વચ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਵਚੑ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌵𑌚𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦮꦕ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂫𑂒𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ವಚ್ (Kannada script)
• វច៑ (Khmer script)
• ວຈ຺ (Lao script)
• വച് (Malayalam script)
• ᠸᠠᢜ (Manchu script)
• 𑘪𑘓𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠸᠠᢋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧊𑦳𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑐔𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଵଚ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢮꢗ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑆖𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖓𑖿 (Siddham script)
• වච් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩾𑩡 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚦𑚏𑚶 (Takri script)
• வச் (Tamil script)
• వచ్ (Telugu script)
• วจฺ (Thai script)
• ཝ་ཙ྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑒔𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨭𑨣𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ- (“to speak”). Cognates include Middle Dutch gewāgen (“to speak”), Latin vōx (“voice”), Ancient Greek ὄψ (óps, “voice”) and Persian آواز (âvâz, “voice”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋɐt͡ɕ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ʋɐt͡ɕ/

Root

वच् • (vac)

1. to say, speak, utter
2. to proclaim, declare
3. to recite
4. to revile [+accusative]
   • c. 300 CE, Harivaṃśa
   • c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa
   • (Can we date this quote?), The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi) (subsequently translated from Pali to Sanskrit), Yamakavagga, page 26; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya‎^[1], Colombo, 2009:

     3 ආක්‍රොශන‍්මාමවොචන‍්මාම ජයන‍්මාමහාපයත්
     අත්‍ර යෙ උපනහ්‍යන‍්තෙ වෛරං තෙෂාං න ශාම්‍යති

     3 Ākrośanmāmavocanmāma jayanmāmahāpayat
     Atra ye upanahyante vairaṃ teṣāṃ na śāmyati.

     They abused me, they reviled me, they defeated me and plundered me.
     Hatred does not subside for those who nurse grudges thus.

     (Wiktionary translation adapted from translation of the Pali by Ajahn Sujato.)

Derived terms

Primary Verbal Forms

• वक्ति (vakti, Present)
• विवक्ति ( vivakti, Present)
• अवोचत् (avocat, Aorist)

Secondary Forms

• उच्यते (ucyate, Passive)
• वाचयति (vācayati, Causative)
• विवक्षति (vivakṣati, Desiderative)

Non-Finite Forms

• प्रवाचे (pravāce, Infinitive)
• वक्तोस् (vaktos, Infinitive)
• वक्तवे (vaktave, Infinitive)
• उक्त (ukta, Past Participle)

Derived Nominal Forms

• वाच् (vāc)
• वचन (vacana)
• वाक्य (vākya)
• वाचन (vācana)

Prefixed Root Forms

• पर्युषितवाक्य (paryuṣitavākya)
• वग्नु (vagnu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “वच्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 912/1.
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 151
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 489-91