वृ

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ৱৃ (Assamese script)
ᬯᬺ (Balinese script)
বৃ (Bengali script)
𑰪𑰴 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀯𑀾 (Brahmi script)
ဝၖ (Burmese script)
વૃ (Gujarati script)
ਵ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌵𑍃 (Grantha script)
ꦮꦽ (Javanese script)
𑂫𑃂 (Kaithi script)
ವೃ (Kannada script)
វ្ឫ (Khmer script)
ວ຺ຣິ (Lao script)
വൃ (Malayalam script)
ᠸᡵᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘪𑘵 (Modi script)
ᠸᠷᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧊𑧖 (Nandinagari script)
𑐰𑐺 (Newa script)
ଵୃ (Odia script)
ꢮꢺ (Saurashtra script)
𑆮𑆸 (Sharada script)
𑖪𑖴 (Siddham script)
වෘ (Sinhalese script)
𑩾𑩙 (Soyombo script)
𑚦 (Takri script)
வ்ரி (Tamil script)
వృ (Telugu script)
วฺฤ (Thai script)
ཝྲྀ (Tibetan script)
𑒫𑒵 (Tirhuta script)
𑨭𑨼𑨉 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋr̩/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʋr̩/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer- (“to cover”), and related to Latin operiō (“to cover, shut”), Lithuanian suvérti (“to shut”).^[1]

Older theories derived the root from Proto-Indo-Aryan *war-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *war-, from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover, envelop”), and connected the root to Scottish Gaelic fearann (“estate, land”), Avestan 𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬛𐬥𐬁 (uardnā, “cover, envelope”). Other theories connected the root to Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, coil”).^[2] These two Indo-European roots may have semantically influenced and merged with the Sanskrit (though Mayrhofer and Rix seem to reconstruct the *welH- as *wel- instead).^[3]

Alternative forms

वर् (var)

Root

वृ • (vṛ)

to cover, screen, veil, conceal, hide, surround, obstruct
to close (a door)
to ward off, check, keep back, prevent, hinder, restrain

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root वृ (2 c, 18 e)

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root वृ (13 c, 0 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

वृणोति (vṛṇóti) (Present)
ऊर्णोति (ūrṇóti) (Present)
वरति (várati) (Present)
वृणाति (vṛṇāti) (Present)
वरीșयति (varīșyati) (Future)
वरीता (varītā) (Periphrastic Future)
अवर् (ávar) (Aorist)
अवारीत् (ávārīt) (Aorist)
व्रियात् (vriyāt) (Benedictive)
ववार (vavā́ra) (Perfect)

Secondary Forms

व्रियते (vriyate) (Passive)
अवारि (ávāri) (Passive Aorist)
वारयति (vāráyati) (Causative)
अवीवरत् (ávīvarat) (Causative Aorist)
वार्यते (vāryate) (Passive of Causative)
विवारयिषते (vivārayiṣate) (Desiderative of Causative)
वरीवर्ति (várīvarti) (Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

वृत (vṛtá) (Past Participle)
वर्तुम् (vartum) (Infinitive)
वर्तवे (vártave) (Infinitive)
वृत्वा (vṛtvā́) (Gerund)
वृत्वी (vṛtvī́) (Gerund)
वृत्वाय (vṛtvā́ya) (Gerund)
वृत्य (vṛ́tya) (Gerund)
वरणीय (varaṇīya) (Gerundive)
वारित (vārita) (Causative Past Participle)
वार्य (vārya) (Causative Gerundive)
वारणीय (vāraṇīya) (Causative Gerundive)
वारयितव्य (vārayitavya) (Causative Gerundive)
विवारयिषु (vivārayiṣu) (Desiderative Participle of Causative)

Derived Nominal Forms

वर (vára)
वरण (varaṇa)
वरूतृ (varūtṛ́)
वरूथ (várūtha)
वर्ण (várṇa)
वर्तृ (vartṛ́)
वर्त्र (vártra)
वर्मन् (várman)
वव्र (vavrá)
वव्रि (vavrí)
वाट (vāṭa)
वार (vāra)
वारक (vāraka)
वारण (vāraṇá)
वृत् (vṛ́t)
वृति (vṛti)
वृत्र (vṛtrá)

Prefixed Root Forms

अपवृ (apavṛ)
अभिवृ (abhivṛ)
आवृ (āvṛ)
परिवृ (parivṛ)
प्रवृ (pravṛ)
विवृ (vivṛ)
संवृ (saṃvṛ)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “वृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 1007/1-2.
William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 162

^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 555-6
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 512-3
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 228: “Im Ved. ist *Hu̯er- mit l .*u̯el- 'einschließen' und 1 .*u̯er- 'aufhalten, wehren' zusammengefallen;”

Etymology 2

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose, to want”). Cognate with Latin volo (“to wish, want”), English will.^[1]

Alternative forms

वर् (var)

Root

वृ • (vṛ)

to choose, select
to ask a person for or on behalf of
to solicit anything from
to like, love well

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root वृ (choose) (0 c, 2 e)

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root वृ (choose) (1 c, 0 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

वृणीते (vṛṇīté) (Present)
वृणाति (vṛṇāti) (Present)
वृणोति (vṛṇoti) (Present)
वरिष्यते (variṣyate) (Future)
वरिता (varitā́) (Periphrastic Future)
अव्रि (ávri) (Aorist)
अवृत (ávṛta) (Aorist)
अवृषि (ávṛṣi) (Aorist)
अवरिष्ट (ávariṣṭa) (Aorist)
वव्रे (vavré) (Perfect)

Secondary Forms

व्रियते (vriyate) (Passive)
वरयति (varayati) (Causative)
वारयति (vārayati) (Causative)
वर्यते (varyate) (Passive of Causative)
विवरिषति (vivariṣati) (Desiderative)
वेवृयते (vevṛyate) (Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

वृत (vṛtá) (Past Participle)
वरितुम् (varitum) (Infinitive)
वरित्वा (varitvā) (Gerund)
वृत्वा (vṛtvā) (Gerund)
वर्य (varya) (Gerundive)
वार्य (vārya) (Gerundive)
वरणीय (varaṇīya) (Gerundive)

Derived Nominal Forms

वर (vara)
वरक (varaka)
वूर्य (vū́rya)
वरण (varaṇa)
वरेण्य (váreṇya)
वरस् (váras)
वृथा (vṛ́thā)
वृथक् (vṛ́thak)
वार (vā́ra)
वारण (vāraṇa)
वरिष्ठ (váriṣṭha)
वरीयस् (varīyas)
वरयितव्य (varayitavya)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “वृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1007/3.
William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 163

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 511-2

[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 555-6

[2] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 512-3

[3] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 228: “Im Ved. ist *Hu̯er- mit l .*u̯el- 'einschließen' und 1 .*u̯er- 'aufhalten, wehren' zusammengefallen;”

[4] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 511-2

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