See also: , स़, से, सु-, and स-

U+0938, स
DEVANAGARI LETTER SA

[U+0937]
Devanagari
[U+0939]

TranslingualEdit

 

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /sə/ (may vary by language)

LetterEdit

(sa)

  1. The third sibilant of the Devanagari script. Linguistically it is considered an alveolar sibilant.

See alsoEdit

Ligatures:

DhivehiEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

(sa)

  1. The seventeenth consonant in Dhivehi, written in Devanagari

HindiEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /sə/, [s̪ə]

LetterEdit

(sa)

  1. the thirty-second consonant in Hindi
  2. (music) the first note of the Hindi musical scale

See alsoEdit

KonkaniEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Sanskrit षष् (ṣáṣ), from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs (six). Cognate with Hindi छह (chah), Marathi सहा (sahā).

NumeralEdit

(sa/so) (Latin script sov, Kannada script )

  1. six

MarathiEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /sə/
  • (file)

LetterEdit

(sa)

  1. The thirty-first consonant in Marathi.

NepaliEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

(sa)

  1. The thirty-second consonant in Nepali.

PaliEdit

Alternative formsEdit

PronounEdit

(sa)

  1. Devanagari script form of sa

AdjectiveEdit

(sa)

  1. Devanagari script form of sa, which is masculine nominative singular of (ta, that)

NounEdit

(sa)

  1. Devanagari script form of sa, which is vocative singular of सन् (san, dog)

SanskritEdit

Alternative scriptsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

(sa)

  1. the last of the three sibilants, /s/

Etymology 2Edit

NounEdit

(?

  1. (prosody) an anapest

Etymology 3Edit

NounEdit

(?

  1. (music) Abbreviation of षड्ज (ṣaḍ-ja).

Etymology 4Edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

NounEdit

(m

  1. a snake
  2. air, wind
  3. a bird
  4. name of Vishnu or Shiva
DeclensionEdit
Masculine a-stem declension of ()
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative सः
sáḥ
सौ
saú
साः / सासः¹
sā́ḥ / sā́saḥ¹
Vocative
सौ
saú
साः / सासः¹
sā́ḥ / sā́saḥ¹
Accusative सम्
sám
सौ
saú
सान्
sā́n
Instrumental सेन
séna
साभ्याम्
sā́bhyām
सैः / सेभिः¹
saíḥ / sébhiḥ¹
Dative साय
sā́ya
साभ्याम्
sā́bhyām
सेभ्यः
sébhyaḥ
Ablative सात्
sā́t
साभ्याम्
sā́bhyām
सेभ्यः
sébhyaḥ
Genitive सस्य
sásya
सयोः
sáyoḥ
सानाम्
sā́nām
Locative से
सयोः
sáyoḥ
सेषु
séṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

NounEdit

(san

  1. knowledge
  2. meditation
  3. a carriage road
  4. a fence
DeclensionEdit
Neuter a-stem declension of ()
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative सम्
sám
से
सानि / सा¹
sā́ni / sā́¹
Vocative
से
सानि / सा¹
sā́ni / sā́¹
Accusative सम्
sám
से
सानि / सा¹
sā́ni / sā́¹
Instrumental सेन
séna
साभ्याम्
sā́bhyām
सैः / सेभिः¹
saíḥ / sébhiḥ¹
Dative साय
sā́ya
साभ्याम्
sā́bhyām
सेभ्यः
sébhyaḥ
Ablative सात्
sā́t
साभ्याम्
sā́bhyām
सेभ्यः
sébhyaḥ
Genitive सस्य
sásya
सयोः
sáyoḥ
सानाम्
sā́nām
Locative से
सयोः
sáyoḥ
सेषु
séṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Etymology 5Edit

From the root √सन् (√san, to procure, bestow, give, distribute).

AdjectiveEdit

()

  1. procuring, bestowing (only at the end of a compound)
    पशुष (paśu-ṣá)bestowing cattle
    प्रियस (priyá-sá)granting desired objects

Etymology 6Edit

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *sá, *sáH, *tád, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sá, *sáH, *tád, from Proto-Indo-European *só, *séh₂, *tód. Cognate with Ancient Greek (ho), (), τό (), Old Church Slavonic тъ (), та (ta), то (to), Old English se (whence English the). Compare also the suppletive-stem feminine and neuter forms सा (sā́), तद् (tád).

PronounEdit

(m

  1. (distal, 3rd person pronoun) he
  2. (masculine) that
Usage notesEdit

The final s of the nominative m sás is dropped before all consonants (except before /p/ in RV. v, 2, 4, and before /t/ in RV. viii, 33, 16) and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of visarga. sa occasionally blends with another vowel (as in saī*ṣaḥ) and it is often for emphasis connected with another pronoun as with अहम् (aham), त्वम् (tvam), एष (eṣa), अयम् (ayam) etc.

सो ऽहम्स त्वम्so ʼhamsa tvamI (or thou) that very person; cf. under तद् (tád)

The verb then following in the 1st and 2nd person even if aham or tvam be omitted

स त्वा पृच्छामिsa tvā pṛcchāmiI that very person ask you
स वै नो ब्रूहिsa vai no brūhido thou tell us

Similarly, to denote emphasis, with भवान् (bhavān)

स भावन् विजयाय प्रतिष्ठताम्sa bhāvan vijayāya pratiṣṭhatāmlet your Highness set out for victory

It sometimes (and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas) stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a relatve pronoun or adverb such as (ya), यद् (yad), यदि (yadi), यथा (yathā), चेद् (ce*d); in this position sa may be used pleonastically or as a kind of indeclinable, even where another gender or number is required

स यदि स्थावरा आपो भनन्तिsa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhanantiif those waters are stagnant

In the Sāṃkhya sa, like एष (eṣa), (ka), and (ya), is used to denote पुरुष (puruṣa), "the Universal Soul".

The locative singular form सस्मिन् (sasmin) is primarily used in the Rigveda.

DeclensionEdit
Declension of
Nom. sg. सः, स (saḥ, sa)
Gen. sg. तस्य (tasya)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative सः, स (saḥ, sa) तौ (tau) ते (te)
Vocative
Accusative तम् (tam) तौ (tau) तान् (tān)
Instrumental तेन (tena) ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) तैः (taiḥ)
Dative तस्मै (tasmai) ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ)
Ablative तस्मात्, ततः (tasmāt, tataḥ) ताभ्याम् , ततः (tābhyām , tataḥ) तेभ्यः, ततः (tebhyaḥ, tataḥ)
Genitive तस्य (tasya) तयोः (tayoḥ) तेषाम् (teṣām)
Locative तस्मिन्, सस्मिन् (tasmin, sasmin) तयोः (tayoḥ) तेषु (teṣu)
DescendantsEdit
  • Garhwali: सु (su)
  • Kashmiri: سُہ(suh)
  • Pali: so, sa (rare)
  • Prakrit: 𑀲𑁄 (so)

Etymology 7Edit

From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥- (whole, all, together (with)), from the root *sem-.

PrefixEdit

(sa)

  1. an inseparable prefix expressing "junction", "conjunction", "possession" (as opposed to a privative), "similarity", "equality"
  2. when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by "with", "together or along with", "accompanied by", "added to", "having", "possessing", "containing", "having the same"
    सकोप (sa-kopa)full of anger, enraged, displeased
    साग्नि (sā*gni)together with the fire
    सभार्य (sa-bhārya)with a wife, having a wife
    सद्रोण (sa-droṇa)with a droṇa added to a droṇa
    सधर्मन् (sa-dharman)having the same duties
    सवर्ण (sa-varṇa)having the same colour or appearance, similar, like
  3. "-ly"
    सकोपम् (sa-kopam)angrily
    सोपधि (so*padhi)fraudulently
Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit