हम
BhojpuriEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Prakrit 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe, “we”), from Sanskrit अस्मे (asme, “in us”). Cognates include Hindi हम (ham) and Assamese আমি (ami).
PronounEdit
GarhwaliEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Prakrit 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe), from Sanskrit अस्मे (asme, “in us”). Cognates include Hindi हम (ham) and Assamese আমি (ami).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
हम (ham)
ReferencesEdit
- Anoop Chandra Chandola (1966) A Synthatic Sketch of Garhwali, University of Chicago press (PhD thesis), page 28
HindiEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Inherited from Old Hindi हम (hama), हंम (haṃma), from Sauraseni Apabhramsa अम्हे (amhe), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe), from Ashokan Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit अस्मे (asme) (locative of वयम् (vayam, “we”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *asmáy, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé. Compare Punjabi ਅਸੀਂ (asī̃), Assamese আমি (ami), Bengali আমি (ami), Marathi आम्ही (āmhī), Konkani आमि.
PronounEdit
हम • (ham) m or f (Urdu spelling ہم)
- we: first-person plural personal pronoun, plural of मैं (ma͠i)
- हम बहुत पहले से एक-दूसरे को जानते हैं।
- ham bahut pahle se ek-dūsre ko jānte ha͠i.
- We've known each other for a long time.
- (Varanasi, Awadh, colloquial in Standard Hindi) I: first-person personal singular personal pronoun
- Synonym: मैं (ma͠i)
Usage notesEdit
Because हम (ham) can mean both "we" and "I", sometimes हम लोग (ham log, “we people”) is used to specifically denote the plural. Usually context makes it clear when हम (ham) is being used for "we" or for "I". It is inflected and used grammatically the same for both meanings.
Most Eastern Hindi dialects only use हम (ham) as "I", and a variant of हम लोग (ham log) for "we".
DeclensionEdit
| Declension of हम | ||
|---|---|---|
| direct | हम (ham) | |
| indirect | हम (ham) | |
| ergative | हमने (hamne) | |
| genitive | हमारा (hamārā) | |
| dative | हमें (hamẽ) , हमको (hamko) | |
Derived termsEdit
- हमाहमी (hamāhmī)
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed from Persian هم (ham), from Middle Persian hm (ham), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎶 (hama), from Proto-Iranian *hamHáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *samHás, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós. Doublet of सम (sam), a Sanskrit borrowing.
AdverbEdit
हम • (ham) (Urdu spelling ہم)
ConjunctionEdit
हम • (ham) (Urdu spelling ہم)
ReferencesEdit
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “हम”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Platts, John T. (1884), “हम”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
MaithiliEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Prakrit 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe, “we”), from Sanskrit अस्मे (asme, “in us”). Cognates include Hindi हम (ham) and Assamese আমি (ami).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
हम • (ham)
DeclensionEdit
| Declension of हम [ɦəm] | ||
|---|---|---|
| direct | हम [ɦəm] | |
| instrumental | हमरें [ɦəmᵊɾẽː]हमरें | |
| accusative/postpositional | हमरा [ɦəmᵊɾaː]हमरा | |
| dative | हमरा [ɦəmᵊɾaː]हमरा हमराल [ɦəmᵊɾaːl]हमराल | |
| genitive | हमर [ɦəməɾ] | |
| ergative | हमें [ɦəmẽː] | |
Old HindiEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- हंम (haṃma)
EtymologyEdit
From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe), from Sanskrit अस्मे (asme).
PronounEdit
हम (hama)