हम

Bhojpuri edit

Etymology edit

From Prakrit 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe, “we”), from Sanskrit अस्मे (asme, “in us”). Cognates include Hindi हम (ham) and Assamese আমি (ami).

Pronoun edit

हम (ham) (genitive हमार, oblique हमरा)

I

Garhwali edit

Etymology edit

From Prakrit 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe), from Sanskrit अस्मे (asme, “in us”). Cognates include Hindi हम (ham) and Assamese আমি (ami).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈhəm/

Pronoun edit

हम (ham)

we

References edit

Anoop Chandra Chandola (1966) A Synthatic Sketch of Garhwali, University of Chicago press (PhD thesis), page 28

Hindi edit

Pronunciation edit

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɦəm/, [ɦɐ̃m]

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Old Hindi हम (hama), हंम (haṃma), from Sauraseni Apabhramsa अम्हे (amhe), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe), from Ashokan Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit अस्मे (asme) (locative of वयम् (vayam, “we”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *asmáy, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé. Compare Punjabi ਅਸੀਂ (asī̃), Assamese আমি (ami), Bengali আমি (ami), Marathi आम्ही (āmhī), Konkani आमि (āmi), Bhojpuri 𑂯𑂧 (ham).

Pronoun edit

हम • (ham) m or f (Urdu spelling ہم)

we: first-person plural personal pronoun, plural of मैं (ma͠i)
हम बहुत पहले से एक-दूसरे को जानते हैं।
ham bahut pahle se ek-dūsre ko jānte ha͠i.
We've known each other for a long time.
(Varanasi, Awadh, colloquial in Standard Hindi) I: first-person personal singular personal pronoun
Synonym: मैं (ma͠i)

Usage notes edit

Because हम (ham) can mean both "we" and "I", sometimes हम लोग (ham log, “we people”) is used to specifically denote the plural. Usually context makes it clear when हम (ham) is being used for "we" or for "I". It is inflected and used grammatically the same for both meanings.

Most Eastern Hindi dialects only use हम (ham) as "I", and a variant of हम लोग (ham log) for "we". See Bhojpuri 𑂯𑂧 (ham), Magahi 𑂯𑂧.

Declension edit

Pronoun declension of हम

direct	हम ham
indirect	हम ham
ergative	हमने hamne
genitive	हमारा hamārā
dative	हमें, हमको hamẽ, hamko
instrumental/ablative	हमसे hamse
inessive	हममें hammẽ
adessive	हमपे, हमपर hampe, hampar
terminative	हमतक hamtak
semblative	हमसा hamsā

Derived terms edit

हमाहमी (hamāhmī)

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Classical Persian (ham), from Middle Persian hm (ham), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎶 (hama), from Proto-Iranian *hamHáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *samHás, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós. Doublet of सम (sam), a Sanskrit borrowing. Cognate of English same.

Adverb edit

हम • (ham) (Urdu spelling ہم)

(rare) also, as well, likewise

Conjunction edit

हम • (ham) (Urdu spelling ہم)

(rare) whether, either

References edit

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “हम”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Platts, John T. (1884) “हम”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Maithili edit

Etymology edit

From Prakrit 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe, “we”), from Sanskrit अस्मे (asme, “in us”). Cognates include Hindi हम (ham) and Assamese আমি (ami).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ɦəm]

Pronoun edit

हम • (ham)

I

Declension edit

Declension of हम [ɦəm]
direct	हम [ɦəm]
instrumental	हमरें [ɦəmᵊɾẽː]^{^{हमरें}}
accusative/postpositional	हमरा [ɦəmᵊɾaː]^{^हमरा}
dative	हमरा [ɦəmᵊɾaː]^{^हमरा} हमराल [ɦəmᵊɾaːl]^{^{हमराल}}
genitive	हमर [ɦəməɾ]
ergative	हमें [ɦəmẽː]

Old Hindi edit

Alternative forms edit

हंम (haṃma)

Etymology edit

From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe), from Sanskrit अस्मे (asme).

Pronoun edit

हम (hama)

we

Descendants edit

Braj: हम (ham)
Hindustani:
Hindi: हम (ham)

Urdu: ہم (ham)