ਅੱਖਰ

Punjabi

Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭 (akkhara) from Sanskrit अक्षर (akṣara).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ək.kʰəɾ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -əɾ
• Hyphenation: ਅੱਖ‧ਰ

Noun

ਅੱਖਰ • (akkhar) m (Shahmukhi spelling اکّھر)

1. letter (of an alphabet)

   Synonym: ਹਰਫ਼ (haraf)

2. word

   Synonyms: ਲਫ਼ਜ਼ (lafaz), ਸ਼ਬਦ (śabad)

3. syllable

Declension

Declension of ਅੱਖਰ

	singular	plural
direct	ਅੱਖਰ (akkhar)	ਅੱਖਰ (akkhar)
oblique	ਅੱਖਰ (akkhar)	ਅੱਖਰਾਂ (akkharā̃)
vocative	ਅੱਖਰਾ (akkharā)	ਅੱਖਰੋ (akkharo)
ablative	ਅੱਖਰੋਂ (akkharõ)	—
locative	ਅੱਖਰੇ (akkhare)	ਅੱਖਰੀਂ (akkharī̃)
instrumental	ਅੱਖਰੇ (akkhare)	ਅੱਖਰੀਂ (akkharī̃)

Derived terms

• ਅੱਖਰੀ (akkharī, adjective)
• ਅੱਖਰ ਕ੍ਰਮ (akkhar kram, “alphabetical order”)
• ਲਗਾਖਰ m (lagākhar, “superscript diacritic”)

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “akṣára”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 2

Further reading

• Singh, Bhai Maya (1895) “ਅੱਖਰ”, in The Panjabi Dictionary, Lahore: Munshi Gulab Singh and Sons, page 24.
• “ਅੱਖਰ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025