Wiktionary

刀

(Redirected from ⼑)
See also: ㄉ and 力
刀 U+5200, 刀
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5200
← 凿
[U+51FF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 刁 →
[U+5201]
⼑ U+2F11, ⼑
KANGXI RADICAL KNIFE
← ⼐
[U+2F10] 		Kangxi Radicals ⼒ →
[U+2F12]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Alternative forms edit

  • 刂 (when used as a right radical component)

Han character edit

See images of
Radical 18 刀

刀 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 尸竹 (SH), four-corner 17220, composition ⿹𠃌丿)

  1. Kangxi radical #18, ⼑.

Derived characters edit

Descendants edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 135, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1845
  • Dae Jaweon: page 304, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 319, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+5200

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 刀
alternative forms 𠚣
 
Wikipedia has articles on:
 
不銹鋼及陶瓷刀

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 刀
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
           
Characters in the same phonetic series (刀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
刀 *taːw
忉 *taːw
魛 *taːw
舠 *taːw
朷 *taːw, *moːɡ
叨 *tuːw, *l̥ʰaːw
倒 *taːwʔ, *taːws
到 *taːws
菿 *taːws, *rtaːwɢ
鞀 *deːw
鳭 *rteːw, *teːw
灱 *hreːw
菬 *sdew, *tjewʔ
超 *tʰew
怊 *tʰew, *tʰjew
欩 *tʰew
召 *dews, *djews
昭 *tjew
招 *tjew
鉊 *tjew
沼 *tjewʔ
照 *tjews
詔 *tjews
炤 *tjews
弨 *tʰjew, *tʰjewʔ
眧 *tʰjewʔ
韶 *djew
佋 *djew, *djewʔ
軺 *djew, *lew
玿 *djew
柖 *djew
紹 *djewʔ
袑 *djewʔ
綤 *djewʔ
邵 *djews
劭 *djews
卲 *djews
刁 *teːw
芀 *teːw, *deːw
貂 *teːw
蛁 *teːw
迢 *deːw
苕 *deːw
髫 *deːw
岧 *deːw

Pictogram (象形) – a knife.

Etymology 1 edit

Unclear. Here are several proposals:

Pronunciation edit

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 刀
Mandarin Beijing /tɑu⁵⁵/
Harbin /tau⁴⁴/
Tianjin /tɑu²¹/
Jinan /tɔ²¹³/
Qingdao /tɔ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /tau²⁴/
Xi'an /tau²¹/
Xining /tɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /tɔ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /tɔ³¹/
Ürümqi /tɔ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /tau⁵⁵/
Chengdu /tau⁵⁵/
Guiyang /tao⁵⁵/
Kunming /tɔ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /tɔo³¹/
Hefei /tɔ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /tau¹¹/
Pingyao /tɔ¹³/
Hohhot /tɔ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /tɔ⁵³/
Suzhou /tæ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /tɔ³³/
Wenzhou /tɜ³³/
Hui Shexian /tɔ³¹/
Tunxi /tə¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /tau³³/
Xiangtan /taɯ³³/
Gan Nanchang /tɑu⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /tau⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /to²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tou⁵³/
Nanning /tu⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /tou⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /to⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /to⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tau⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /to³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdo²³/
Rime
Character 刀
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都勞切
Baxter taw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tɑu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tɑu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɑu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/taw/
Li
Rong 		/tɑu/
Wang
Li 		/tɑu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tɑu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dāo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dou1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 刀
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dāo
Middle
Chinese 		‹ taw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.tˁaw/
English knife

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 刀
Reading # 1/1
No. 2108
Phonetic
component 		刀
Rime
group 		宵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*taːw/

Definitions edit

刀

  1. knife; blade (Classifier: 把 m c g h j mb md w x; 張／张 c h; 叢／丛 mn; 支 mn mn-t)
  2. single-edged sword; cutlass
  3. Classifier for sets of one hundred sheets of paper.
  4. Classifier for incisions with a knife, blade, single-edged sword, etc.
  5. (neologism, Internet) to bargain; to negotiate on price
  6. a surname (only common among Tai people)
    刀世勛／刀世勋  ―  Dāo Shìxūn  ―  Dao Shixun

Synonyms edit

  • (knife):
Dialectal synonyms of 刀 (“knife; blade”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 刀
Mandarin Beijing 刀
Jinan 刀
Xi'an 刀
Wuhan 刀, 刀子
Chengdu 刀
Yangzhou 刀
Hefei 刀
Singapore 刀
Cantonese Guangzhou 刀
Hong Kong 刀
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 刀
Macau 刀
Guangzhou (Panyu) 刀
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 刀
Guangzhou (Conghua) 刀
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 刀
Foshan 刀
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 刀
Foshan (Shunde) 刀
Foshan (Sanshui) 刀
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 刀
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 刀
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 刀
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 刀
Zhuhai (Doumen) 刀
Jiangmen (Baisha) 刀
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 刀
Taishan 刀
Kaiping (Chikan) 刀
Enping (Niujiang) 刀
Heshan (Yayao) 刀
Dongguan 刀
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 刀
Yangjiang 刀
Singapore (Guangfu) 刀
Gan Nanchang 刀
Hakka Meixian 刀
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 刀
Dongguan (Qingxi) 刀
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 刀
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 刀
Conghua (Lütian) 刀
Jin Taiyuan 刀子
Northern Min Jian'ou 刀
Eastern Min Fuzhou 刀
Southern Min Xiamen 刀
Quanzhou 刀
Zhangzhou 刀
Penang (Hokkien) 刀
Singapore (Hokkien) 刀
Chaozhou 刀
Singapore (Teochew) 刀
Leizhou 刀, 利 euphemistic
Singapore (Hainanese) 刀
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 刀
Wu Suzhou 刀
Wenzhou 刀
Xiang Changsha 刀
Shuangfeng 刀, 刀子
  • (to bargain):

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (刀):
  • → Japanese: 刀(とう) (tō)
  • → Korean: 도(刀) (do)
  • → Vietnamese: đao (刀)

Others:

Etymology 2 edit

From English dollar.

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

刀

  1. (Mandarin, neologism, colloquial) dollar
Synonyms edit
  • (Cantonese) 蚊

Compounds edit

Etymology 3 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 刀 – see 刁 (“treacherous; crafty; deceitful; to tempt; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 刁).

Japanese edit

 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Kanji edit

刀

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Compounds with irregular readings of 刀

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
刀
かたな
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
釖 (uncommon)

From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *katana.

Compound of 片 (kata, “one side”) + な (na, “edge”).[2][3][4] This na element is spelled in monolingual Japanese sources as 刃 (“edge, blade”), but there is no historical attestation for any na reading for this character. A comparison with Middle Korean ᄂᆞᆶ〮 (nólh, “blade”) and modern Korean 날 (nal) suggests a Koreanic origin for this latter element.[5]

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

刀(かたな) • (katana) 

  1. [from 720] (weaponry) a single-edged sword, such as a katana
    Coordinate terms: 剣 (tsurugi, “double-edged sword”), 脇差 (wakizashi, “traditional Japanese shortsword”), 短刀 (tantō, “traditional Japanese knife or dagger”), 大小 (daishō, ““big and small”: the katana and wakizashi as a set”)
    • 1999 September 23, “鎧(よろい)武(む)者(しゃ)ゾンビ”, in Vol.5, Konami:
      怨(おん)念(ねん)により蘇(よみがえ)った武(む)者(しゃ)。闇(やみ)雲(くも)にふりまわすカタナに注(ちゅう)意(い)。
      Onnen ni yori yomigaetta musha. Yamikumo ni furimawasu katana ni chūi.
      A musha reanimated by deep hatred. Watch out when he brandishes his katana.
  2. [from 934] a small single-edged blade
    Synonym: 切れ物 (kiremono)
Derived terms edit
Derived terms
Idioms edit
Idioms

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
刀
とう
Grade: 2
kan’on

/tau/ → /tɔː/ → /toː/

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 刀 (MC taw). Compare modern Mandarin 刀 (dāo).

First cited as an independent noun to a text from 1895.[2] Cited in compounds since at least the 800s CE.[2]

Pronunciation edit

Affix edit

刀(とう) • (tō) ←たう (tau)?

  1. [from 800s] sword, knife, blade

Noun edit

刀(とう) • (tō) ←たう (tau)?

  1. [from 1908] a sword, a katana
    Synonyms: 刀 (katana), 刀剣 (tōken)
  2. [from 1895] a scalpel, such as that used by a surgeon
    Synonym: メス (mesu)
  3. [from 1913] a kind of bronze or copper money in ancient China, shaped a bit like a sword
    Synonyms: 刀銭 (tōsen), 刀泉 (tōsen)
Derived terms edit
Derived terms
Terms beginning with 刀:

Terms ending with 刀:

References edit

  1. ^ “刀”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  5. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2020) A Descriptive and Comparative Grammar of Western Old Japanese: Revised, Updated and Enlarged Second Edition, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 66
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 刀 (MC taw).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 도ᇢ (Yale: twòw)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 갈〮 (Yale: kál) 도 (Yale: twò)

Pronunciation edit

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

刀 (eumhun 칼 도 (kal do))

  1. Hanja form? of 도 (“sword; knife”). [affix]

Compounds edit

Compounds

References edit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Old Korean edit

Particle edit

刀 (*-two)

  1. as well; too; either, or (negative) neither, nor

Descendants edit

  • Middle Korean: 도〮 (-twó)
    • Korean: 도 (-do)

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

刀: Hán Nôm readings: đao, dao, đeo

  1. chữ Hán form of đao (“single-edged sword”).
  2. chữ Hán form of dao (“knife”).

References edit

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