Wiktionary

干

(Redirected from ⼲)
See also: 乾, 幹, 于, 午, 千, 半, and 榦
干 U+5E72, 干
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E72
← 幱
[U+5E71] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 平 →
[U+5E73]
⼲ U+2F32, ⼲
KANGXI RADICAL DRY
← ⼱
[U+2F31] 		Kangxi Radicals ⼳ →
[U+2F33]

Translingual

edit
Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character

edit
See images of
Radical 51 干

干 (Kangxi radical 51, 干+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一十 (MJ), four-corner 10400, composition ⿱一十)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №47

Derived characters

edit
edit

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 339, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9165
  • Dae Jaweon: page 645, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 405, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5E72

Chinese

edit

Glyph origin

edit
Historical forms of the character 干
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
訐 *krads, *krads, *ked, *kad
肝 *kaːn
竿 *kaːn
干 *kaːn
奸 *kaːn
玕 *kaːn
汗 *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
迀 *kaːn
忓 *kaːn, *ɡaːns
鳱 *kaːn
邗 *kaːn, *ɡaːn
秆 *kaːnʔ
矸 *kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns
仠 *kaːnʔ
皯 *kaːnʔ
衦 *kaːnʔ
簳 *kaːnʔ
擀 *kaːnʔ
旰 *kaːns
盰 *kaːns
幹 *kaːns
杆 *kaːns
骭 *kaːns, *ɡraːns
桿 *kaːnʔ
趕 *kaːnʔ
稈 *kaːnʔ
刊 *kʰaːn
靬 *kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan
衎 *kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns
犴 *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns
豻 *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̊ʰraːn
頇 *ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
岸 *ŋɡaːns
鼾 *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns
罕 *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns
焊 *qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns
蔊 *qʰaːnʔ
虷 *ɡaːn
旱 *ɡaːnʔ
皔 *ɡaːnʔ
釬 *ɡaːns
扞 *ɡaːns
閈 *ɡaːns
馯 *ɡaːns, *kʰraːn
捍 *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ
悍 *ɡaːns
銲 *ɡaːns
垾 *ɡaːns
駻 *ɡaːns
睅 *ɡʷranʔ
娨 *ɡraːns
飦 *kan
赶 *ɡan, *ɡʷad
軒 *qʰan
蓒 *qʰan
酐 *qʰaːŋʔ
澣 *ɡʷaːnʔ

Pictogram (象形) of a shield with feather ornaments. It's possible 干 and 單 are variant forms of the same character in oracle bone script, depicting a bifurcated hunting tool.

Also borrowed phonetically as a simplification of 乾 (dry) and 幹.

Etymology 1

edit
simp. and trad.
 干
alternative forms 𬼽

Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with 扞 (OC *ɡaːns, “to shield; to protect”), 閈 (OC *ɡaːns, “gate”), 捍 (OC *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ, “to shield, ward off”). Compare Tibetan འགལ ('gal, “to go against, to violate, to contradict”), Burmese ကာ (ka, “shield; to shield; to block”).

Pronunciation 1

edit
Rime
Character 干
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古寒切
Baxter kan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kan/
Li
Rong 		/kɑn/
Wang
Li 		/kɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gon1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 干 干 干 干
Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gān gān gān gān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kan › ‹ kan › ‹ kan › ‹ kan ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ˁar/ /*kˁa[r]/ /*kˁar/ /*kˁar/
English pole shield (n.) piece, item (placename)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 干
Reading # 1/1
No. 3570
Phonetic
component 		干
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		干
Old
Chinese 		/*kaːn/
Definitions
edit

干

  1. to concern; to be implicated in; implication
    這事與我無干。 [MSC, trad.]
    这事与我无干。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè shì yǔ wǒ wú gān. [Pinyin]
    It has nothing to do with me.
  2. † a shield
  3. † to request; to ask
  4. † to offend; to encroach on
  5. † to interfere; to intervene
  6. † bank; edge of water bodies
    江干  ―  jiānggān  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    河干  ―  hégān  ―  river bank
  7. 8th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "opposition" (𝌍)
  8. Short for 天干 (tiāngān, “heavenly stem”).
  9. group (of people)
    一干人  ―  yī gān rén  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  10. A place in modern Yangzhou.
    Synonym: 邗 (Hán)
    干越夷貉之子，生而同聲，長而異俗，教使之然也。 [MSC, trad.]
    干越夷貉之子，生而同声，长而异俗，教使之然也。 [MSC, simp.]
    Gānyuè yíhé zhī zǐ, shēng ér tóng shēng, cháng ér yì sú, jiào shǐ zhī rán yě. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  11. Alternative form of 乾／干 (“dry”)
  12. Alternative form of 澗／涧 (jiàn, “brook; stream”)
  13. Alternative form of 矸 (“rock”)
  14. a surname
  15. (Mainland China Hokkien) in vain; for nothing
Synonyms
edit
  • (in vain): 白 (bái)
Compounds
edit

Pronunciation 2

edit
Definitions
edit

干

  1. to defend
  2. to establish

Descendants

edit
  • → Lao: ກັນ (kan)
  • → Shan: ၵၼ် (kǎn)
  • → Tai Dam: ꪀꪽ
  • → Thai: กัน (gan)

Etymology 2

edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 干 – see 乾 (“dry; moistureless; waterless; arid; to dry; to exhaust; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified and variant form of 乾).
Notes:

Etymology 3

edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 干 – see 幹 (“main part of something; body; trunk; to do; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified form of 幹).
Notes:

Etymology 4

edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 干 – see 豻 (“a kind of wild dog from northern China, resembling a fox with a black snout; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 豻).

Etymology 5

edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 干 – see 贛 (“Gan River; Jiangxi, a province of China.; etc.”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 贛).
Notes:

Japanese

edit

Kanji

edit
干

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

edit

Compounds

edit

Etymology 1

edit
Kanji in this term
干
かん
Grade: 6
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 干 (MC kan).

Pronunciation

edit

Affix

edit

干(かん) • (kan) 

  1. shield
  2. interfere, invade
Derived terms
edit
shield
interfere, invade

Etymology 2

edit
Kanji in this term
干
かん
Grade: 6
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
旱

干 is a daiyōji replacing 旱.

Pronunciation

edit

Affix

edit

干(かん) • (kan) 

  1. dry
Derived terms
edit

Etymology 3

edit
Kanji in this term
干
ひ
Grade: 6
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
乾

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

干(ひ) • (hi) 

  1. (prefixed to nouns) dry
Derived terms
edit

References

edit
  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

edit

Hanja

edit

干 (eumhun 방패 간 (bangpae gan))

  1. shield

Okinawan

edit

Kanji

edit
干

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

edit

Tày

edit

Noun

edit

干 (can, cán)

  1. Nôm form of can (“heavenly stem”).
    四象分干支八卦
    Tứ tượng phân can chi bát quái
    Sixiang created the ten heavenly stems and the eight divinatory trigrams
  2. Nôm form of cán (“stem; trunk”).
    有干不生枝玉葉
    Hữu cán bất sinh chi ngọc diệp
    There's the stem but no leaves

Verb

edit

干 (can)

  1. Nôm form of can (“to dissuade”).
    參拾婆姆姉困干
    𫡲拾仍婆官困𠮶
    Sam síp bà mụ chị khổn can
    Hả síp nhịnh bà quan khổn gạ
    [Even] thirty concubines can't dissuade them
    [Even] fifty mandarins can't make them obey

References

edit
  • Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[1] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

干: Hán Việt readings: can
干: Nôm readings: can, càn, cán, cơn

  1. chữ Hán form of can (“to intervene; to concern”).

Compounds

edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=干&oldid=82076268"