ラ行変格活用
See also: ラ行變格活用
Japanese edit
| Kanji in this term | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 行 | 変 | 格 | 活 | 用 |
| ぎょう Grade: 2 |
へん Grade: 4 |
かく Grade: 5 |
かつ Grade: 2 |
よう Grade: 2 |
| goon | kan’on | |||
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| ラ行變格活用 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology edit
Compound of ラ行 (ra-gyō, “ra-row”) + 変格活用 (henkaku katsuyō, “irregular conjugation”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Tokyo) らぎょーへんかくかつよー [ràgyóó héńkákú káꜜtsùyòò] (Nakadaka – [8])[1]
- IPA(key): [ɾa̠ɡʲo̞ː hẽ̞ŋka̠kɯ̟ᵝ ka̠t͡sɨᵝjo̞ː]
Noun edit
ラ行変格活用 • (ra-gyō henkaku katsuyō) ←らぎやうへんかくくわつよう (ra-gyau fenkaku kwatuyou)?
- (Classical Japanese grammar) a verbal conjugation class in which the verb stem ends in r- with four irregular bases: -a, -i, -u, and -e
| Archaic | 未然形 Irrealis |
連用形 Adverbial |
終止形 Conclusive |
連体形 Attributive |
已然形 Realis |
命令形 Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| あり (ar-, “to be”) | あら (ara) | あり (ari) | あり (ari) | ある (aru) | あれ (are) | あれ (are) |
| 侍り (haber-, “to serve”) | 侍ら (habera) | 侍り (haberi) | 侍り (haberi) | 侍る (haberu) | 侍れ (habere) | 侍れ (habere) |
| 居り (wor-, “to be”) | 居ら (wora → ora) | 居り (wori → ori) | 居り (woru → ori) | 居る (woru → oru) | 居れ (wore → ore) | 居れ (wore → ore) |
Usage notes edit
- Verbs in this class are superseded by the 五段活用 (godan katsuyō, “quintigrade conjugation”) in modern Japanese.
- Fragments of あり (ari) survive in modern Japanese, such as in いらっしゃる (irassharu, “to go (somewhere)”), ござる (gozaru, “to be”, polite), and 下さる (kudasaru, “to give”).