一人

ChineseEdit

		one; single; a one; single; a; (before verbs) as soon as, once; (before a noun) entire (family, etc.)	man; person; people
simp. and trad. (一人)		一	人

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yīrén

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄖㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jat¹ jan⁴
Min Nan (POJ): chi̍t-lâng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yīrén [Phonetic: yìrén]
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄖㄣˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iren
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yirén
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jat¹ jan⁴
  - Yale: yāt yàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jat⁷ jan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yed¹ yen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐt̚⁵ jɐn²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi̍t-lâng
  - Tâi-lô: tsi̍t-lâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cidlaang
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕit̚⁴⁻³² laŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕit̚²⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ laŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕit̚⁴⁻³² laŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕit̚⁴⁻³² laŋ²³/

NounEdit

一人

a person; one person; someone

AdverbEdit

一人

by one person; alone

SynonymsEdit

(Hakka) 單儕／单侪

Derived termsEdit

一人得道，雞犬升天／一人得道，鸡犬升天 (yīréndédào, jīquǎnshēngtiān)

一人樂隊／一人乐队 (yīrén yuèduì)

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (一人):

→ Japanese: 一人(いちにん) (ichinin)

JapaneseEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
一	人
ひと Grade: 1	り Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Alternative spellings
独り 1人

From Old Japanese.

Derived from 一 (hito, “one, 1”) +‎ 人 (-ri, counter for persons).

Compare Old Japanese 一人 (pi₁dari → hidari).

PronunciationEdit

(Tokyo) ひとり [hìtóꜜrì] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [çi̥to̞ɾʲi]

NounEdit

一(ひと)人(り) • (hitori)

one person
一人(ひとり)で暮(く)らす ― hitori de kurasu ― to live by oneself (without companions)

一人(ひとり)カラオケ／ヒトカラ ― hitori karaoke/hitokara ― one-man karaoke session

一人(ひとり)の時間(じかん)が好(す)きな人(ひと) ― hitori no jikan ga suki na hito ― person who likes their alone time
singleness, singularity
Synonym: 単独 (tandoku)
one's own efforts or strengths
Synonyms: 自力 (jiriki), 独力 (dokuryoku)
an unmarried person, single
Synonym: 独身 (dokushin)

Usage notesEdit

Like 二人 (futari), despite its etymology, furigana notations for this word tend not to use mono-ruby by attaching kana to each kanji (一(ひと)人(り)), but group-ruby by attaching all the kana to all the kanji as a whole (一人(ひとり)).

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

一人(ひとり)一人(ひとり) (hitori-hitori), 一人(ひとり)一人(びとり) (hitoribitori)
一人(ひとり)として (hitori to shite)
一人(ひとり)ならず (hitori narazu)
一人(ひとり)も (hitori mo)
一人(ひとり)頭(あたま) (hitoriatama)
一人(ひとり)歩(ある)き (hitoriaruki)
一人(ひとり)親(おや) (hitori oya)
一人(ひとり)親(おや)方(かた) (hitori oyakata)
一人(ひとり)勝(が)ち (hitorigachi)
ひとカラ, ヒトカラ (hitokara)
一人(ひとり)狂言(きょうげん) (hitori-kyōgen)
一人(ひとり)口(ぐち) (hitoriguchi)
一人(ひとり)暮(ぐら)し, 一人(ひとり)暮(ぐ)らし (hitori-gurashi)
一人(ひとり)っ子(こ) (hitorikko)
一人(ひとり)言(ごと) (hitorigoto)
一人(ひとり)御(ご)飯(はん) (hitori gohan)
一人(ひとり)時(じ)間(かん)差(さ)攻撃(こうげき) (hitori jikan-sa kōgeki), 一人(ひとり)時(じ)間(かん)差(さ) (hitori jikan-sa)
一人(ヒトリ)静(シズカ) (hitorishizuka)
一人(ひとり)芝(しば)居(い) (hitori-shibai)
一人(ひとり)占(じ)め (hitorijime)
一人(ひとり)過(す)ぎ (hitorisugi)
一人(ひとり)相撲(ずもう) (hitorizumō)
一人(ひとり)旅(たび) (hitoritabi)
一人(ひとり)天(てん)下(か) (hitori tenka), 一人(ひとり)天下(でんか) (hitori-denka)
一人(ひとり)食(ば)み (hitoribami)
一人(ひとり)負(ま)け (hitorimake)
一人(ひとり)腹(ばら) (hitoribara)
一人(ひとり)前(まえ) (hitorimae)
一人(ひとり)武(む)者(しゃ) (hitorimusha)
一人(ひとり)息子(むすこ) (hitori musuko)
一人(ひとり)娘(むすめ) (hitori musume)
一人(ひとり)八(や)百(お)長(ちょう) (hitori yaochō)
御(お)一人(ひとり)様(さま) (o-hitori-sama)
最(さい)初(しょ)の一人(ひとり) (Saisho no Hitori)
誰(だれ)一人(ひとり) (dare hitori), 誰(たれ)一人(ひとり) (tare hitori)
人(ひと)っ子(こ)一人(ひとり) (hitokko hitori)

solely
Synonym: 単独で (tandoku de)
only, simply
Synonyms: ただ (tada), ただ単に (tada tan ni), 単に (tan ni)
alone, automatically, by itself, naturally
Synonyms: 自然に (jinen ni), 独りでに (hitoride ni)

Proper nounEdit

一(ひと)人(り) • (Hitori)

a female given name

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
一	人
いち Grade: 1	にん Grade: 1
goon

Alternative spelling
1人

From Middle Chinese 一人 (MC ʔiɪt̚ ȵiɪn).

PronunciationEdit

(Tokyo) いちにん [ìchíꜜnìǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1]
IPA^(key): [it͡ɕiɲ̟ĩɴ]

NounEdit

一(いち)人(にん) • (ichinin)

one person
the first or top person in a particular place or field
Synonym of 右大臣 (udaijin): a minister of the right in the imperial Council of State

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

IdiomsEdit

一人(いちにん)虚(きょ)を伝(つた)うれば万(ばん)人(にん)実(じつ)を伝(つた)う (ichinin kyo o tsutaureba bannin jitsu o tsutau)
責(せ)め一人(いちにん)に帰(き)す (seme ichinin ni kisu)
斗(と)南(なん)の一人(いちにん) (tonan no ichinin)

ProverbsEdit

Proverbs

剣(けん)は一(いち)人(にん)の敵(てき)学(まな)ぶに足(た)らず (ken wa ichinin no teki manabu ni tarazu)
天(てん)下(か)は一(いち)人(にん)の天(てん)下(か)にあらず乃(すなわ)ち天(てん)下(か)の天(てん)下(か)なり (tenka wa ichinin no tenka ni arazu sunawachi tenka no tenka nari)
万人(ばんじん)心(こころ)を異(こと)にすれば則(すなわ)ち一(いち)人(にん)の用(よう)無(な)し (banjin kokoro o koto ni sureba sunawachi ichinin no yō nashi)
両(りょう)心(しん)は以(もっ)て一(いち)人(にん)を得(う)べからず一心(いっしん)は以(もっ)て百(ひゃく)人(にん)を得(う)べし (ryōshin wa motte ichinin o ubekarazu isshin wa motte hyakunin o ubeshi)

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
一	人
いち Grade: 1	じん Grade: 1
goon	kan’on

Compound of Middle Chinese elements 一 (ichi, “one, 1”, goon reading) +‎ 人 (jin, “person”, kan'on reading).

PronunciationEdit

On’yomi

(Tokyo) いちじん [ìchíꜜjìǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1]
IPA^(key): [it͡ɕiʑĩɴ]

NounEdit

一(いち)人(じん) • (ichijin)

a ruler with a heavenly mandate, especially the Emperor of Japan
Synonyms: 上一人 (kami ichinin), 上御一人 (kami go-ichinin), 天子 (tenshi), 天皇 (tennō)

Derived termsEdit

上(かみ)一(いち)人(じん) (kami ichijin)

Etymology 4Edit

Various nanori readings.

Proper nounEdit

一人(かずと) or 一人(かずひと) or 一人(かずんど) or 一人(くにひと) • (Kazuto or Kazuhito or Kazundo or Kunihito)

a male given name

ReferencesEdit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Old JapaneseEdit

Alternative formsEdit

獨り

Etymology 1Edit

From 一 (pi₁to₂, “one, 1”) +‎ 人 (-ri, counter for persons).

NounEdit

一人 (pi₁to₂ri) (kana ひとり)

one person
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 5, poem 818), text here
  波流佐禮婆麻豆佐久耶登能烏梅能波奈比等利美都都夜波流比久良佐武
  paru sareba madu saku yado₁ no₂ ume₂ no₂ pana pi₁to₂ri mi₁tutu ya parupi₁ kurasamu
  When spring comes and the first plums bloom in your garden, could you spend the long spring days looking on them by yourself?^[1]
an unmarried person, single
- 711–712, Kojiki (poem 65)
  夜多能比登母登須宜波比登理袁理登母意富岐彌斯與斯登岐許佐婆比登理袁理登母
  Yata no₂ pi₁to₂mo₂to₂ suge₂ pa pi₁to₂ri wori to₂ mo₂ opoki₁mi₁ si yo₂si to₂ ki₁ko₂saba pi₁to₂ri wori to₂ mo₂
  Though like the single stalk of Yata sedge, I remain alone, if Your Majesty agrees, It will not matter that I remain alone.^[2]

Derived termsEdit

一人子 (pi₁to₂rigo₁)

DescendantsEdit

Japanese: 一人, 独り (hitori)

Etymology 2Edit

Two possible derivations:

From 一 (pi₁-, short form of pi₁to₂, “one, 1”) +‎ 人 (-tari, counter for persons). However, pi₁- was never attested as a short form of pi₁to₂ until the Middle Japanese stage.
Alternatively, a shift from 一 (pi₁to₂, “one, 1”) +‎ 人 (-tari, counter for persons):
⟨pi₁to₂ tari⟩ → */pʲit̚tari/ → ⟨pi₁dari⟩

Given the shift of -ta to -da due to rendaku (連濁), the second derivation seems likely.

NounEdit

一人 (pi₁dari) (kana ひだり)

(rare, possibly regional, Eastern Old Japanese) one person
- 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 11)
  愛瀰詩烏毗儾利毛毛那比苔比苔破易陪廼毛多牟伽毗毛勢儒
  Emi₁si wo pi₁dari momo na pi₁to₂ pi₁to₂ pa ipe₂do₂ mo tamukapi₁ mo sezu
  A single Emishi is worth a hundred men, so they say, yet they did not resist.

ReferencesEdit

^ Paula Doe; Yakamochi Ōtomo (1982) A Warbler's Song in the Dusk: The Life and Work of Ōtomo Yakamochi (718-785), illustrated edition, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 31
^ Jin'ichi Konishi (2017) Nicholas Teele, transl.; , Earl Roy Miner, editor, A History of Japanese Literature, Volume 1: The Archaic and Ancient Ages (Princeton Legacy Library), Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 145

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[3] Paula Doe; Yakamochi Ōtomo (1982) A Warbler's Song in the Dusk: The Life and Work of Ōtomo Yakamochi (718-785), illustrated edition, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 31

[4] Jin'ichi Konishi (2017) Nicholas Teele, transl.; , Earl Roy Miner, editor, A History of Japanese Literature, Volume 1: The Archaic and Ancient Ages (Princeton Legacy Library), Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 145

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]

一人

ChineseEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

AdverbEdit

SynonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

JapaneseEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

Usage notesEdit

Derived termsEdit

IdiomsEdit

ProverbsEdit

See alsoEdit

AdverbEdit

Proper nounEdit

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

Derived termsEdit

IdiomsEdit

ProverbsEdit

See alsoEdit

Etymology 3Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

Derived termsEdit

Etymology 4Edit

Proper nounEdit

ReferencesEdit

Old JapaneseEdit

Alternative formsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

NounEdit

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

See alsoEdit

Etymology 2Edit

NounEdit

ReferencesEdit