一人

Chinese

		one; single; a one; single; a; (before verbs) as soon as, once; (before a noun) entire (family, etc.)	man; person; people
simp. and trad. (一人)		一	人

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yīrén

  (Zhuyin): ㄧ ㄖㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jat¹ jan⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: yīrén [Phonetic: yìrén]
    • Zhuyin: ㄧ ㄖㄣˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iren
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yirén
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jat¹ jan⁴
    • Yale: yāt yàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jat⁷ jan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yed¹ yen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐt̚⁵ jɐn²¹/

Noun

一人

1. a person; one person; someone

Adverb

一人

1. by one person; alone

Derived terms

• 一人得道，雞犬升天／一人得道，鸡犬升天 (yīréndédào, jīquǎnshēngtiān)

• 一人樂隊／一人乐队 (yīrén yuèduì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (一人):

• → Japanese: 一人 (いちにん) (ichinin)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
一	人
ひと Grade: 1	り Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

Derived from 一 (hito, “1, one”) +‎ 人 (-ri, counter for persons). Compare the development of hidari (see below).

Alternative forms

• １人, 独り

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ひと​り [hìtóꜜrì] (Nakadaka – [2])
  • IPA^(key): [çi̥to̞ɾʲi]

Noun

一人 (hiragana ひとり, rōmaji hitori)

1. one person

   一人 (ひとり)で暮 (く)らす

   hitori de kurasu

   to live by oneself (without companions)

   一人 (ひとり)カラオケ／ヒトカラ

   hitori karaoke/hitokara

   one-man karaoke session

   一人 (ひとり)の時間 (じかん)が好 (す)きな人 (ひと)

   hitori no jikan ga suki na hito

   person who likes their alone time

2. singleness, singularity

   Synonym: 単独 (tandoku)

3. one's own efforts or strengths

   Synonyms: 自力 (jiriki), 独力 (dokuryoku)

4. a single, singlehood

   Synonym: 独身 (dokushin)

Usage notes

• Like 二人 (futari), despite its etymology, furigana notations for this word tend not to use mono-ruby by attaching kana to each kanji (一 (ひと)人 (り)), but group-ruby by attaching all the kana to all the kanji as a whole (一人 (ひとり)).

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 一人 (ひとり)一人 (ひとり) (hitori-hitori), 一人 (ひとり)一人 (びとり) (hitori-bitori)
• 一人 (ひとり)として (hitori to shite)
• 一人 (ひとり)ならず (hitori narazu)
• 一人 (ひとり)も (hitori mo)
• 一人 (ひとり)頭 (あたま) (hitoriatama)
• 一人 (ひとり)歩 (ある)き (hitoriaruki)
• 一人 (ひとり)親 (おや) (hitori oya)
• 一人 (ひとり)親方 (おやかた) (hitori oyakata)
• 一人 (ひとり)勝 (が)ち (hitorigachi)
• ひとカラ, ヒトカラ (hitokara)
• 一人 (ひとり)狂言 (きょうげん) (hitori-kyōgen)
• 一人 (ひとり)口 (ぐち) (hitoriguchi)
• 一人 (ひとり)暮 (ぐら)し, 一人 (ひとり)暮 (ぐ)らし (hitori-gurashi)
• 一人 (ひとり)っ子 (こ) (hitorikko)
• 一人 (ひとり)言 (ごと) (hitorigoto)
• 一人 (ひとり)御飯 (ごはん) (hitori gohan)
• 一人 (ひとり)時間 (じかん)差 (さ)攻撃 (こうげき) (hitori jikan-sa kōgeki), 一人 (ひとり)時間 (じかん)差 (さ) (hitori jikan-sa)
• 一人 (ヒトリ)静 (シズカ) (hitorishizuka)
• 一人 (ひとり)芝 (しば)居 (い) (hitori-shibai)
• 一人 (ひとり)占 (じ)め (hitorijime)
• 一人 (ひとり)過 (す)ぎ (hitorisugi)
• 一人 (ひとり)相撲 (ずもう) (hitorizumō)
• 一人 (ひとり)旅 (たび) (hitoritabi)
• 一人 (ひとり)天下 (てんか) (hitori tenka), 一人 (ひとり)天下 (でんか) (hitori-denka)
• 一人 (ひとり)食 (ば)み (hitoribami)
• 一人 (ひとり)負 (ま)け (hitorimake)
• 一人 (ひとり)腹 (ばら) (hitoribara)
• 一人 (ひとり)前 (まえ) (hitorimae)
• 一人 (ひとり)武者 (むしゃ) (hitorimusha)
• 一人 (ひとり)息子 (むすこ) (hitori musuko)
• 一人 (ひとり)娘 (むすめ) (hitori musume)
• 一人 (ひとり)八百長 (やおちょう) (hitori yaochō)
• 御 (お)一人 (ひとり)様 (さま) (o-hitori-sama)
• 最初 (さいしょ)の一人 (ひとり) (Saisho no Hitori)
• 誰 (だれ)一人 (ひとり) (dare hitori), 誰 (たれ)一人 (ひとり) (tare hitori)
• 人 (ひと)っ子 (こ)一人 (ひとり) (hitokko hitori)

Idioms

• 小 (こ)姑 (じゅうと)一人 (ひとり)は鬼 (おに)千匹 (せんびき)にむかう (kojūto hitori wa oni senbiki ni mukau)
• 鯛 (たい)も一人 (ひとり)はうまからず (tai mo hitori wa umakarazu)
• 斗南 (となん)の一人 (ひとり) (tonan no hitori)

Proverbs

• 娘 (むすめ)一人 (ひとり)に婿 (む)八人 (こはちにん) (musume hitori ni muko hachinin)

See also

See also

• 自分 (じぶん) (jibun, “oneself”)
• 二人 (ふたり) (futari, “two persons”)
• 三人 (みたり) (mitari, “three people”)
• 四人 (よたり) (yotari), 四人 (よったり) (yottari, “four people”)
• 十人 (とたり) (totari, “ten people”)

Adverb

一人 (hiragana ひとり, rōmaji hitori)

1. solely

   Synonym: 単独で (tandoku de)

2. only, simply

   Synonyms: ただ (tada), ただ単に (tada tan ni), 単に (tan ni)

3. alone, automatically, by itself, naturally

   Synonyms: 自然に (jinen ni), 独りでに (hitoride ni)

Proper noun

一人 (hiragana ひとり, rōmaji Hitori)

1. a female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
一	人
ひ Grade: 1	たり > だり Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

• Derived from 一 (hi, “1, one”, shorter form) +‎ 人 (-tari, counter for persons). The tari changes to dari as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
• Alternatively, a shift from compound of 一 (hito, “1, one”) +‎ 人 (-tari):

  ⟨pi₁to₂ tari⟩ → */pʲit̚tari/ → ⟨pi₁dari⟩ → */pʲidari/ → /fidari/ → /hidari/

Noun

一人 (hiragana ひだり, rōmaji hidari)

1. (obsolete) one person
   • 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 11)

     愛 (え)瀰 (み)詩 (し)烏 (を)毗 (ひ)儾 (た)利 (り)毛 (も)毛 (も)那 (な)比 (ひ)苔 (と)比 (ひ)苔 (と)破 (は)易 (い)陪 (へ)廼 (ど)毛 (も)多 (た)牟 (む)伽 (か)毗 (ひ)毛 (も)勢 (せ)儒 (ず) [Man'yōgana]

     蝦夷 (えみし)をひだり百 (もも)な人 (ひと)人 (ひと)は言 (い)へども手 (た)向 (む)かひもせず [Modern spelling]

     Emishi o hidari momo na hito hito wa iedo mo tamukai mo sezu

     A barbarian, just one, is worth a hundred men, so the saying goes, and yet they didn't even stand and fight.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
一	人
いち Grade: 1	にん Grade: 1
goon

From Middle Chinese 一人 (MC ʔiɪt̚ ȵiɪn).

Alternative forms

• (one person, top person): １人

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Goon
  • (Tokyo) いち​にん [ìchíꜜnìǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])
  • IPA^(key): [it͡ɕiɲ̟ĩɴ]

Noun

一人 (hiragana いちにん, rōmaji ichinin)

1. one person
2. the first or top person in a particular place or field
3. Synonym of 右大臣 (udaijin): a Minister of the Right

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 一人 (いちにん)一殺 (いっさつ) (ichinin'issatsu)
• 一人 (いちにん)会社 (かいしゃ) (ichinin kaisha)
• 一人 (いちにん)区 (く) (ichinin-ku)
• 一人称 (いちにんしょう) (ichininshō)
• 一人 (いちにん)当千 (とうせん) (ichinin tōsen)
• 一人前 (いちにんまえ) (ichinin-mae)
• 上 (かみ)一人 (いちにん) (kami ichinin)
• 上 (かみ)御 (ご)一人 (いちにん) (kami go-ichinin)
• 第一人者 (だいいちにんしゃ) (daiichininsha)

Idioms

• 一人 (いちにん)虚 (きょ)を伝 (つた)うれば万人 (ばんにん)実 (じつ)を伝 (つた)う (ichinin kyo o tsutaureba bannin jitsu o tsutau)
• 責 (せ)め一人 (いちにん)に帰 (き)す (seme ichinin ni kisu)
• 斗南 (となん)の一人 (いちにん) (tonan no ichinin)

Proverbs

Proverbs

• 剣 (けん)は一人 (いちにん)の敵 (てき)学 (まな)ぶに足 (た)らず (ken wa ichinin no teki manabu ni tarazu)
• 天下 (てんか)は一人 (いちにん)の天下 (てんか)にあらず乃 (すなわ)ち天下 (てんか)の天下 (てんか)なり (tenka wa ichinin no tenka ni arazu sunawachi tenka no tenka nari)
• 万人 (ばんじん)心 (こころ)を異 (こと)にすれば則 (すなわ)ち一人 (いちにん)の用無 (ような)し (banjin kokoro o koto ni sureba sunawachi ichinin no yōnashi)
• 両心 (りょうしん)は以 (もっ)て一人 (いちにん)を得 (う)べからず一心 (いっしん)は以 (もっ)て百人 (ひゃくにん)を得 (う)べし (ryōshin wa motte ichinin o ubekarazu isshin wa motte hyakunin o ubeshi)

See also

See also

• 二人 (ににん) (ninin, “two persons”)
• 三人 (さんにん) (sannin, “three people”)
• 四人 (よにん) (yonin, “four people”),
• 五人 (ごにん) (gonin, “five people”)
• 七人 (しちにん) (shichinin), 七人 (ななにん) (nananin, “seven people”)
• 八人 (はちにん) (hachinin, “eight people”)
• 十人 (じゅうにん) (jūnin, “ten people”)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
一	人
いち Grade: 1	じん Grade: 1
goon	kan’on

Compound of Middle Chinese elements 一 (ichi, “1, one”, goon reading) +‎ 人 (jin, “person”, kan'on reading).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
  • (Tokyo) いち​じん [ìchíꜜjìǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])
  • IPA^(key): [it͡ɕiʑĩɴ]

Noun

一人 (hiragana いちじん, rōmaji ichijin)

1. a ruler with a heavenly mandate; an Emperor of Japan

   Synonyms: 上一人 (kami ichinin), 上御一人 (kami go-ichinin), 天子 (tenshi), 天皇 (tennō)

Derived terms

• 上 (かみ)一人 (いちじん) (kami ichijin)

Etymology 5

Various nanori readings.

Proper noun

一人 (hiragana かずと, rōmaji Kazuto, alternative reading かずひと, rōmaji Kazuhito, alternative reading かずんど, rōmaji Kazundo, alternative reading くにひと, rōmaji Kunihito)

1. a male given name

References