下層

Chinese edit

		under; next; lower under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter	layer; floor; a measure word for layers layer; floor; a measure word for layers; laminated; repeated; story (of a building); (maths) sheaf
trad. (下層)		下	層
simp. (下层)		下	层

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiàcéng

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄘㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haa⁶ cang⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hǎ-chân / hā-chân / hēe-chân / ě-chân / ē-chân / ēe-chân

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiàcéng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄘㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siàcéng
  - Wade–Giles: hsia⁴-tsʻêng²
  - Yale: syà-tséng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiahtserng
  - Palladius: сяцэн (sjacɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ä⁵¹ t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: haa⁶ cang⁴
  - Yale: hah chàhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haa⁶ tsang⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ha⁶ ceng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haː²² t͡sʰɐŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǎ-chân
  - Tâi-lô: hǎ-tsân
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ha²² t͡san²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hā-chân
  - Tâi-lô: hā-tsân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: haxzaan
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ha³³⁻²¹ t͡san²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ha²²⁻²¹ t͡san²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ha³³⁻¹¹ t͡san²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hēe-chân
  - Tâi-lô: hēe-tsân
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɛ²²⁻²¹ t͡san¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ě-chân
  - Tâi-lô: ě-tsân
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /e²² t͡san²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ē-chân
  - Tâi-lô: ē-tsân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: exzaan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /e²²⁻²¹ t͡san²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ēe-chân
  - Tâi-lô: ēe-tsân
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɛ²²⁻²¹ t͡san¹³/

Noun edit

下層

lower levels
lower strata