U+4EA5, 亥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA5

[U+4EA4]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4EA6]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 8, +4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 卜女竹人 (YVHO), four-corner 00802, composition 𠂈 or 𠀔)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 88, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 292
  • Dae Jaweon: page 186, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 283, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4EA5

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
2nd round simp. ⿻⿻一𠃋人
alternative forms
𠀅
𢁓
𢁳
𠦇

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Pictogram (象形) – depiction uncertain. Some propose it depicts a plant's roots underground, possibly as the original form of (OC *kɯː, *krɯː). Others propose it is an animal, similar in origin to .

Etymology edit

Smith (2011) groups (OC *ɡɯːʔ) in a word-family meaning "root, germ, generative core" along with (OC *kɯ:, “grassroot”) > (OC *kɯːn, “root”), (OC *ɡrɯːɡ, “germ, kernel”), (OC *ɡrɯː, “(human) bones”), and (OC *ɡɯː, “child”). He suggests the derivation 荄根 "germ, sprout, root (n.)" → 孩 "to sprout" → 亥 "sprouting stage", i.e. "the moon’s first appearance", recalling 月芽 lit. "moon sprout" > "crescent moon".

See () for further etymology.

Later (hài) and (shǐ, “pig”) graphically converged.

As for (OC *ɡɯːʔ)'s phonological association with the pig. Compare the following:

Ferlus (2013) notes (OC *ɡɯːʔ) is a possible match to the Austroasiatic root, but there should be a final sonorant in Old Chinese.

Pronunciation edit



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /xai⁵¹/
Harbin /xai⁵³/
/xai²⁴/
Tianjin /xai⁵³/
Jinan /xɛ²¹/
Qingdao /xɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xai⁴²/
Xi'an /xai⁴⁴/
Xining /xɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /xɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /xɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /xai⁵¹/
Wuhan /xai³⁵/
Chengdu /xai¹³/
/xe³¹/
Guiyang /xai²¹³/
Kunming /xæ²¹²/
Nanjing /xae⁴⁴/
Hefei /xe̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /xai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /xæ⁵³/
Hohhot /xɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɦe²³/
Suzhou /ɦe̞³¹/
Hangzhou /ɦe̞¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦe³⁵/
Hui Shexian /xɛ²²/
Tunxi /xa²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /xai⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /ɦai²¹/
Gan Nanchang /hai²¹/
Hakka Meixian /hoi⁵³/
Taoyuan /hoi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɔi²²/
Nanning /hɔi²²/
Hong Kong /hɔi²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hai²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hɑi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xuɛ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hai³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hai³³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (33)
Final () (41)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter hojX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦʌiX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦəiX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣɒiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦəjX/
Li
Rong
/ɣᴀiX/
Wang
Li
/ɣɒiX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣɑ̆iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
hài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hoi6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
hài
Middle
Chinese
‹ hojX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ]ˁəʔ/
English 12th earthly branch

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 4828
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡɯːʔ/
Notes

Definitions edit

  1. (obsolete) grass root
  2. twelfth of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
  3. pig () of the Chinese zodiac
  4. a surname

Coordinate terms edit

Compounds edit

See also edit

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term

Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

From (inoshishi, i, boar).

Pronunciation edit

Proper noun edit

() (I (wi)?

  1. the Boar, the twelfth of the twelve Earthly Branches

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
がい
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese (hojX).

Proper noun edit

(がい) (Gai

  1. the Boar, the twelfth of the twelve Earthly Branches

Korean edit

Hanja edit

(eum (hae))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

: Hán Nôm readings: hợi

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.