Wiktionary

什麼

See also: 什麽, 甚麼, 甚麽, and 什么

ChineseEdit

tenth (used in fractions) dimi.
trad. (什麼/甚麼/什麽/甚麽) 什/甚 麼/麽
simp. (什么) 什 么
alternative forms
 
拾沒／拾没 obsolete
是物 obsolete
是勿 obsolete
是沒／是没 obsolete
甚物 obsolete
拾沒／拾没 obsolete
是物 obsolete
是勿 obsolete
是沒／是没 obsolete
甚物 obsolete
甚沒／甚没 obsolete
甚摩 obsolete
甚謨／甚谟 obsolete
什摩 obsolete

EtymologyEdit

Corruption of medieval 是物 (MC d͡ʑiᴇX mɨut̚, “why”) (Yuan et al., 1996: 318–324).

PronunciationEdit

Note: Many other variant pronunciations exist.

PronounEdit

什麼

  1. (interrogative) what
    這是什麼？ / 这是什么？  ―  Zhè shì shénme?  ―  What is this?
    你平時喜歡做什麼？ [MSC, trad.]
    你平时喜欢做什么？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ píngshí xǐhuān zuò shénme? [Pinyin]
    What do you like doing in your spare time?
    我不知道他是什麼人。 [MSC, trad.]
    我不知道他是什么人。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ bù zhīdào tā shì shénme rén. [Pinyin]
    I don't know what kind of person he is.
  2. something
    你想吃點什麼嗎？ / 你想吃点什么吗？  ―  Nǐ xiǎng chī diǎn shénme ma?  ―  Would you like something to eat?
  3. anything; whatever
    我什麼都不知道。 / 我什么都不知道。  ―  Wǒ shénme dōu bù zhīdào.  ―  I don't know anything
    我什麼也不怕。 / 我什么也不怕。  ―  Wǒ shénme yě bù pà.  ―  I'm not afraid of anything.
    他可以想做什麼就做什麼。 [MSC, trad.]
    他可以想做什么就做什么。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā kěyǐ xiǎng zuò shénme jiù zuò shénme. [Pinyin]
    He can do whatever he wants.
  4. (used to express surprise or anger) what
    幹的是什麼事兒！ / 干的是什么事儿！  ―  Gàn de shì shénme shìr!  ―  What a thing to do!
  5. (used before an enumeration) thing like; such as; and so on; and what not
  6. (used to express disapproval, disagreement)

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 什麼 (“what”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 何
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 什麼
Mandarin Beijing 什麼, 嗎兒
Taiwan 什麼
Tianjin 嗎
Harbin 啥
Shenyang 什麼, 啥
Jinan 麼兒, 麼, 什麼
Muping 麼, 麼個
Luoyang 啥
Wanrong 色
Xi'an 啥
Xining 啥
Xuzhou 啥, 啥子
Yinchuan 啥
Ürümqi 啥
Wuhan 麼事
Chengdu 啥, 啥子
Guiyang 哪樣
Liuzhou 什嗎
Kunming 什麼
Nanjing 什麼
Hefei 哄個
Nantong 甚呢
Malaysia 什麼
Singapore 什麼
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 啥
Cantonese Guangzhou 乜嘢, 咩嘢, 乜, 咩
Hong Kong 乜嘢, 咩嘢, 乜, 咩
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 咩嘢
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 乜嘢
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 咩嘢
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 咩嘢
Macau 乜嘢
Panyu 乜嘢
Huadu (Huashan) 乜嘢
Conghua 乜嘢
Zengcheng 乜嘢
Foshan 乜嘢
Nanhai (Shatou) 乜嘢
Shunde 乜嘢
Sanshui 乜嘢
Gaoming (Mingcheng) 乜嘢
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 乜嘢
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 乜嘢
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 乜
Doumen 乜
Jiangmen (Baisha) 乜嘢
Xinhui 乜
Taishan 乜, 乜嘢
Kaiping (Chikan) 乜, 乜啊, 乜嘢
Enping (Niujiang) 乜嘢
Heshan (Yayao) 乜嘢
Dongguan 乜嘢, 乜
Bao'an (Shajing) 乜嘢
Dapeng 乜嘢, 乜
Yangjiang 乜, 乜嘢
Kuala Lumpur 乜嘢, 咩
Singapore 乜嘢, 咩, 乜
Ho Chi Minh City 乜嘢
Gan Nanchang 什哩
Lichuan 什仔
Pingxiang 咋個
Hakka Meixian 麼個
Xingning 麼個
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 乜嘢
Huiyang 麼個
Huidong (Daling) 麼個
Dongguan (Qingxi) 麼個
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 麼個
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 乜嘢
Wuhua (Huacheng) 麼個
Wengyuan 麼個
Qujiang 麼個
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 麼個
Liannan 麼個
Conghua (Lütian) 麼個
Jiexi 麼個
Luhe 麼個
Changting 麼個, 什西哩, 什西
Pingyu 麼個
Wuping 麼個, 麼事
Liancheng 麼個, 什麼
Ninghua 什麼
Yudu 子個
Ruijin 咩, 唔幾
Shicheng 什麼
Shangyou 哪個, 哪項, 個哪, 哪
Tonggu (Sandu) 麼個
Ganzhou (Panlong) 什麼
Dayu 什麼
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 麼個
Liudui (S. Sixian) 麼個
Hsinchu (Hailu) 麼個
Dongshi (Dabu) 麼個
Hsinchu (Raoping) 麼個
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 麼個
Hong Kong 麼個
Mengshan (Xihe) 麼個
Luchuan 麼個
Senai 麼個
Huizhou Jixi 麼仂
Jin Taiyuan 甚
Xinzhou 甚
Min Bei Jian'ou 孰事, 孰麼, 孰麼事
Dikou 橘二, 橘二事
Songxi 什麼事
Jianyang 孰事
Wuyishan 什麼事
Shibei 孰麼, 孰, 孰麼事, 孰事, 孰麼契, 孰契
Min Dong Fuzhou 什乇, 什名, 什乇名, 面乇名
Changle 什乇
Fuqing 什乇, 乜乇
Pingtan 什乇
Yongtai 哪乇
Gutian 乇, 什乇
Fu'an 乜乇
Ningde 哪乇
Shouning 呢乇
Zhouning 乜乇
Fuding 哪乇
Matsu 什乇
Min Nan Xiamen 什物, 啥物, 啥貨
Tong'an 什物
Quanzhou 啥物, 乜
Jinjiang 啥物
Nan'an 什物
Shishi 啥物
Hui'an 什物
Anxi 啥物
Yongchun 啥物
Dehua 啥物
Zhangzhou 哪貨仔, 哪貨, 哪仔, 哪物仔, 哪物, 什物, 啥物, 啥貨
Longhai 啥物, 啥
Changtai 啥
Hua'an 什物
Nanjing 哪物
Pinghe 啥物
Zhangpu 啥貨
Yunxiao 什物仔
Zhao'an 什物
Dongshan 什物
Taipei 啥貨, 啥物, 啥
Kaohsiung 啥, 啥貨, 啥物
Tainan 啥物, 啥貨
Taichung 啥
Hsinchu 啥
Lukang 啥物, 啥貨
Sanxia 啥
Yilan 啥貨
Kinmen 啥貨, 啥物, 什物, 物代
Magong 啥貨, 物代
Penang (Hokkien) 何物
Singapore (Hokkien) 什物
Manila (Hokkien) 啥物
Medan (Hokkien) 何物
Longyan 什物
Datian 啥貨, 什物
Chaozhou 乜個, 乜
Shantou 乜個, 乜
Chenghai 乜個
Jieyang 乜個, 乜, 是乜
Haifeng 乜個, 乜
Bangkok (Teochew) 乜個
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 乜個
Singapore (Teochew) 乜個, 什乜
Leizhou 乜
Wenchang 乜
Haikou 乜, 個乜
Qionghai 乜
Singapore (Hainanese) 乜
Min Zhong Yong'an 啥貨
Sanyuan 啥貨
Shaxian 啥貨
Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 門, 哪門
Wu Shanghai 啥, 啥個
Chongming 何
Suzhou 啥
Danyang 點高
Hangzhou 啥
Ningbo 啥
Wenzhou 何呢
Jinhua 待, 淡
Xiang Changsha 麼子
Shuangfeng 麼子
Loudi 麼子

Derived termsEdit

JapaneseEdit

Kanji in this term
什 麼
いん
Hyōgaiji 		も
Hyōgaiji
Irregular
Alternative spelling 恁麼

EtymologyEdit

From spoken Middle Chinese 恁麼 (nyimX muɑ, “what?”, archaic, literally “think + something tiny and insignificant”).[1] The spelling shifted to include the Chinese synonym 什麼 (modern Mandarin reading of shénme), while keeping the inmo reading for 恁麼, instead of the expected shūma reading for 什麼.

Imported into Japanese by Zen monks who had studied in China.[1] Generally restricted to use by Zen practitioners.[2]

PronunciationEdit

  • (Irregular reading)

PronounEdit

什麼(いんも) • (inmo) 

  1. (rare) what
    天地(てんち)と我(われ)と什麼(いんも)の交渉(　こうしょう)かある。
    Tenchi to ware to inmo no kōshō ka aru.
    What is the relation between the universe and me?

Usage notesEdit

Generally followed by the possessive particle の (no) and used as an adnominal, with a meaning of what kind of.

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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