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以

以 U+4EE5, 以
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EE5
← 令
[U+4EE4]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 仦 →
[U+4EE6]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

以 (radical 9 人+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 女戈人 (VIO), four-corner 28100, composition ⿲𠄌丶人)

Derived charactersEdit

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 94, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 388
  • Dae Jaweon: page 199, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 105, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+4EE5

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 以
alt. forms 㠯

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 以
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Oracle bone script
 

j31039
 

j31040
 

j31041
 

j31042
 

j31043
 

j31044
 

j31045
 

j31046
 

j31047
 

j31048
 

j31049
 

j31050
 

j31051
 

j31052
 

j31053
 

j31054
 

j31055
 

j31056
 

j31057
 

j31058
 

j31059
 

j31060
 

j31061
 

j31062
 

j31063
 

j31064
 

j31065
 

j31066
 

j31067
 

j31068
 

j31069
 

j31070
 

j31071
 

j31072
 

j31073
 

j31074
 

j31075
Bronze inscriptions
 

b21167
 

b21168
 

b21169
 

b21170
 

b21171
 

b21172
 

b21173
 

b21174
 

b21175
 

b21176
 

b21177
 

b21178
 

b21179
 

b21180
 

b21181
 

b21182
 

b21183
 

b21184
 

b21185
 

b21186
 

b21187
 

b21188
 

b21189
 

b21190
 

b21191
 

b21192
 

b21193
 

b21194
 

b21195
 

b21196
 

b21197
 

b21198
 

b21199
 

b21200
 

b21201
 

b21202
 

b21203
 

b21204
 

b21205
 

b21206
 

b21207
 

b21208
 

b21209
 

b21210
 

b21211
 

b21212
 

b21213
 

b21214
 

b21215
 

b21216
 

b21217
 

b21218
Small seal script
 

s11013
Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L34134
 

L34135
 

L34136
 

L13617
 

L13618
 

L13619
 

L13620
 

L13621
 

L13622
 

L13623
 

L13624
 

L13625
 

L13626
 

L13627
 

L13628
 

L13616
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (以) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
似 *ljɯʔ
姒 *ljɯʔ
耜 *ljɯʔ
佀 *ljɯʔ
以 *lɯʔ
苡 *lɯʔ
苢 *lɯʔ

Originally 㠯. The current glyph has a 人 (“human”) added on the right side.

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

Rime
Character 以
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羊己切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /jɨX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /jɨX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /jɨX/
Li
Rong		 /iəX/
Wang
Li		 /jĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yǐ
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 以
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ yiX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ləʔ/
English take, use

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 以
Reading # 1/1
No. 14929
Phonetic
component		 以
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 以
Old
Chinese		 /*lɯʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

以

  1. by; with; by means of
  2. according to
  3. so as to; in order to
  4. because
  5. to use
  6. Short for 以色列 (Yǐsèliè, “Israel”).

Etymology 2Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 以 – see 似 (“like; resembling; etc.”).
(This character, 以, is a variant form of 似.)

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 以

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

以

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. compared to
  2. than
  3. by means of
  4. because
  5. in view of
  6. compared with

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Terms derived from 以

EtymologyEdit

Kanji in this term
以
い
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 以 (yiX)

PrefixEdit

以 (hiragana い, rōmaji i-)

  1. from (this reference point) and (more)
    以 (い)後 (ご)
    igo
    from now on
    その以 (い)後 (ご)
    sono igo
    from then on; since then
    この日 (ひ)以 (い)後 (ご)
    kono hi igo
    from this day on; ever since this day
    • 2008 March 15, “ジャンク・ウォリアー [Junk Warrior]”, in ＳＴＡＲＴＥＲスターター ＤＥＣＫデッキ, Konami:
      「ジャンク・シンクロン」＋チューナー以 (い)外 (がい)のモンスター１体 (たい)以 (い)上 (じょう)
      “Janku Shinkuron” + Chūnā igai no monsutā ittai ijō
      “Junk Synchron” + 1 or more non-Tuner monsters
    • 2017 March 25, “リンク・スパイダー [Link Spider]”, in ＳＴＡＲＴＥＲスターター ＤＥＣＫデッキ, Konami:
      通 (つう)常 (じょう)モンスター１体 (たい)
      ①：１ターンに１度 (ど)、自 (じ)分 (ぶん)メインフェイズに発 (はつ)動 (どう)できる。手 (て)札 (ふだ)からレベル４以 (い)下 (か)の通 (つう)常 (じょう)モンスター１体 (たい)をこのカードのリンク先 (さき)に特 (とく)殊 (しゅ)召 (しょう)喚 (かん)する。
      Tsūjō Monsutā ittai
      Ichi: Ittān ni ichi-do, jibun Mein Feizu ni hatsudō dekiru. Tefuda kara Reberu Yon ika no Tsūjō Monsutā ittai o kono kādo no Rinku-saki ni Tokushu Shōkan suru.
      1 or more Normal Monsters
      ①: Once per turn, can be activated during your Main Phase. Special Summons 1 Normal Monster of Level 4 or lower from your hand to where this card is linked to.

Usage notesEdit

  • An expression prefixed with 以 means "from this reference point, and more". It can only be translated upon contexts. The reference point can be understood as "now", "here", "this", or aforementioned.

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

以 • (i) (hangeul 이, McCune-Reischauer i)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

以 (dĩ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReferencesEdit

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