以
Contents
TranslingualEdit
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Han characterEdit
以 (radical 9 人+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 女戈人 (VIO), four-corner 28100, composition ⿲𠄌丶人)
Derived charactersEdit
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 94, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 388
- Dae Jaweon: page 199, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 105, character 7
- Unihan data for U+4EE5
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
以 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 以
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Originally 厶, a deformed version of 已 (yǐ). 以 is a further deformation of 厶 with the addition of 人 (“person”) on the right side.
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧˇ
- Wade-Giles: i3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yii
- IPA (key): /i²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ji5
- Yale: yíh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ji5
- IPA (key): /jiː¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî
- Hakka Romanization System: i´
- Hagfa Pinyim: yi1
- IPA: /i²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)i´
- Hagfa Pinyim: yi1
- IPA: /(j)i²⁴/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í
- Tâi-lô: í
- Phofsit Daibuun: ie
- IPA (Taipei): /i⁵³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /i⁵³/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: i (T2)
- IPA (key): /i³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 以 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 羊己切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/jɨX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/jɨX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ieX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/jɨX/ |
| Li Rong |
/iəX/ |
| Wang Li |
/jĭəX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/iX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yǐ |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 以 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yǐ |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ yiX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*ləʔ/ |
| English | take, use |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
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| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 以 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14929 |
| Phonetic component |
以 |
| Rime group |
之 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
以 |
| Old Chinese |
/*lɯʔ/ |
DefinitionsEdit
以
- by; with; by means of
- according to
- so as to; in order to
- because
- to use
- Short for 以色列 (Yǐsèliè, “Israel”).
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 以
JapaneseEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
以 • (i) (hangeul 이, McCune-Reischauer i)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
以 (dĩ)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.