Wiktionary

伏

伏 U+4F0F, 伏
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F0F
← 伎
[U+4F0E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 伐 →
[U+4F10]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

伏 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人戈大 (OIK), four-corner 23234, composition ⿰亻犬)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 95, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 438
  • Dae Jaweon: page 202, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 119, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4F0F

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 伏

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 伏
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
Bronze inscriptions
 

b12383

Small seal script
 

s05877

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L37486

 

L37487

 

L37488

 

L25340

 

L25341

 

L25342

 

L25343

 

L25344

 

L25345

 

L25346

 

L25347

 

L25348

 

L25349

 

L25350

 

L25351

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (伏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
絥 *brɯɡs, *bɯɡ
伏 *bɯɡs, *bɯɡ
垘 *bɯːɡ
茯 *bɯɡ
洑 *bɯɡ
栿 *bɯɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 人 (“person”) + 犬 (“dog”) – meaning “prostrate”.

  • A dog at the side of a person.
  • A person adopting the position of a dog.

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation 1 edit

Note:
  • buk6 - vernacular;
  • fuk6 - literary.
Note:
  • hog4 - literary;
  • pag4 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 伏
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 東 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 房六切
Baxter bjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/biuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/biuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/buwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/biuk̚/
Wang
Li 		/bĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fuk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 伏
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bjuwk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[b]ək/
English lie prostrate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 伏
Reading # 2/2
No. 3333
Phonetic
component 		伏
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		伏
Old
Chinese 		/*bɯɡ/
Definitions edit

伏

  1. to lie prostrate
  2. to crouch; to crawl
  3. to ambush; to lie hidden
  4. to hide; to conceal
  5. to surrender; to yield
  6. to accept; to submit; to bear; to endure
  7. to subdue
  8. to go down; to fall down
  9. to remain; to wait for
  10. to remove
  11. residence
  12. hottest days of summer
  13. (Hong Kong Cantonese) below expectation; worse than anticipated; trappy
    Synonym: 雷 (léi) (Mandarin)
  14. (obsolete) horizontal wooden bar in front of a carriage chair
  15. Short for 伏特 (fútè, “volt”).
  16. Alternative form of 服
  17. a surname: Fu

Synonyms edit

  • (to hide):
  • (hottest days of summer): 伏天 (fútiān)

Compounds edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

Rime
Character 伏
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 扶富切
Baxter bjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/biuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/biəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/buwH/
Li
Rong 		/biuH/
Wang
Li 		/bĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fau6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 伏
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bjuwH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[b]ək-s/
English hatch (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 伏
Reading # 1/2
No. 3331
Phonetic
component 		伏
Rime
group 		代
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		復
Old
Chinese 		/*bɯɡs/
Definitions edit

伏

  1. (archaic or dialectal) to hatch
    伏小雞／伏小鸡 [Shanghainese]  ―  6bu 5shiau-ci [Wugniu]  ―  to hatch chicks

Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 復 (“to return; to recover; to resume; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 復).

Etymology 3 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 負 (“to carry; to bear; to rely on; to load; to burden; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 負).

Etymology 4 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 袱.
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 袱).
Notes:

Etymology 5 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 匐.
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 匐).
Notes:

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

伏

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. prostrated
  2. bend down
  3. bow
  4. cover
  5. lay pipes

Readings edit

Korean edit

Hanja edit

伏 (eumhun 엎드릴 복 (eopdeuril bok))

  1. Hanja form? of 복 (“crouch, crawl, lie hidden, conceal”).

伏 (eumhun 안을 부 (aneul bu))

  1. Hanja form? of 복 (“embrace, hold something in one's arms”).

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

伏: Hán Nôm readings: phục

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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