伸びる

Japanese

Kanji in this term
伸
の Grade: S
kun’yomi

Etymology

From the classical upper bigrade verb(バ行上二段活用) のぶ (nobu). Cognate with Japanese 延(の)びる (nobiru).

Development

Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) のび​る [nòbíꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [no̞bʲiɾɯ̟ᵝ]

• Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "伸びる"

Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	伸びる	のび​る	[nòbíꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形)	伸びろ	のび​ろ	[nòbíꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive	伸びられる	のびられ​る	[nòbíráréꜜrù]
Causative	伸びさせる	のびさせ​る	[nòbísáséꜜrù]
Potential	-	-	-
Volitional	伸びよう	のびよ​ー	[nòbíyóꜜò]
Negative	伸びない	のび​ない	[nòbíꜜnàì]
Negative perfective	伸びなかった	のび​なかった	[nòbíꜜnàkàttà]
Formal	伸びます	のびま​す	[nòbímáꜜsù]
Perfective	伸びた	の​びた	[nóꜜbìtà]
Conjunctive	伸びて	の​びて	[nóꜜbìtè]
Hypothetical conditional	伸びれば	のび​れば	[nòbíꜜrèbà]

Verb

伸(の)びる • (nobiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 伸(の)び (nobi), past 伸(の)びた (nobita))

Japanese verb pair
active	伸ばす
mediopassive	伸びる

Japanese verb pair
active	伸べる
mediopassive	伸びる

1. to stretch, to extend, to be developed.
2. (of clothes) to become baggy and loose
3. (of noodles) to become soft and soggy (from absorbing too much soup).

   早(はや)く食(た)べないと麺(めん)が伸(の)びちゃうよ。

   Hayaku tabenai to men ga nobichau yo.

   If you don't eat them quickly the noodles will go soft.

4. (of online videos) to accumulate views

Conjugation

Conjugation of "伸びる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	伸び	のび	nobi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	伸び	のび	nobi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	伸びる	のびる	nobiru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	伸びる	のびる	nobiru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	伸びれ	のびれ	nobire
Meireikei ("imperative")	伸びよ¹ 伸びろ²	のびよ¹ のびろ²	nobiyo¹ nobiro²
Key constructions
Passive	伸びられる	のびられる	nobirareru
Causative	伸びさせる 伸びさす	のびさせる のびさす	nobisaseru nobisasu
Potential	伸びられる 伸びれる³	のびられる のびれる³	nobirareru nobireru³
Volitional	伸びよう	のびよう	nobiyō
Negative	伸びない 伸びぬ 伸びん	のびない のびぬ のびん	nobinai nobinu nobin
Negative continuative	伸びず	のびず	nobizu
Formal	伸びます	のびます	nobimasu
Perfective	伸びた	のびた	nobita
Conjunctive	伸びて	のびて	nobite
Hypothetical conditional	伸びれば	のびれば	nobireba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential

Related terms

• 伸(の)ばす (nobasu): (transitive verb) lengthen, stretch, extend, develop, postpone, bring up