保
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Han characterEdit
保 (radical 9 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人口木 (ORD), four-corner 26294, composition ⿰亻呆)
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 105, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 702
- Dae Jaweon: page 222, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 160, character 4
- Unihan data for U+4FDD
ChineseEdit
simp. and trad. |
保 |
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Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 保 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Characters in the same phonetic series (保) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
襃 | *puː, *puː |
保 | *puːʔ |
堡 | *puːʔ |
褓 | *puːʔ |
堢 | *puːʔ |
緥 | *puːʔ |
葆 | *puːʔ |
賲 | *puːʔ |
宲 | *puːʔ |
椺 | *ɦmluːʔ, *ɢʷeːɡs, *ɢeːɡ |
In the oracle script, this character was an ideogrammic compound (會意): 人 (“person”) + 子 (“child”) – a person carrying a child on the back; to carry (a child) > to protect.
In early bronze inscriptions, 爪 (“hand”) was added to the person to emphasize that the person was carrying the child. This was later simplified into one or two strokes. The current form has two.
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): bou2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pó
- Min Dong (BUC): bō̤
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): pau (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ
- Wade-Giles: pao3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bao
- IPA (key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: bou2
- Yale: bóu
- Cantonese Pinyin: bou2
- Guangdong Romanization: bou2
- IPA (key): /pou̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pó
- Hakka Romanization System: bo`
- Hagfa Pinyim: bo3
- IPA: /po³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bō̤
- IPA (key): /po³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- pó͘ - literary (Quanzhou);
- pó - vernacular (Quanzhou).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bao2 / bo2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: páu / pó
- IPA (key): /pau⁵²/, /po⁵²/
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: pau (T2)
- IPA (key): /pɔ³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
Rime | |
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Character | 保 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | I |
Fanqie | 博抱切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/pɑuX/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/pɑuX/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/pɑuX/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/pawX/ |
Li Rong |
/pɑuX/ |
Wang Li |
/pɑuX/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/pɑuX/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
bǎo |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
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Character | 保 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
bǎo |
Middle Chinese |
‹ pawX › |
Old Chinese |
/*pˤuʔ/ |
English | protect |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
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Character | 保 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
No. | 318 |
Phonetic component |
保 |
Rime group |
幽 |
Rime subdivision |
1 |
Corresponding MC rime |
寶 |
Old Chinese |
/*puːʔ/ |
DefinitionsEdit
保
- to raise; to rear
- to keep; to maintain
- to protect; to safeguard; to defend
- to ensure; to guarantee
- guarantor
- Short for 保釋/保释 (bǎoshì, “to bail”).
- (historical) bao (a unit of the ancient administrative system, consisting of some 100 households)
CompoundsEdit
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JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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ReadingsEdit
- Goon: ほう (hō)
- Kan’on: ほう (hō)
- Kan’yōon: ほ (ho, Jōyō)
- Kun: たもつ (tamotsu, 保つ, Jōyō); やすんじる (yasunjiru, 保んじる)
CompoundsEdit
Proper nounEdit
保 (hiragana たもつ, rōmaji Tamotsu)
- A male given name
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
保 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune-Reischauer po)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.