保
|
||||||||
Contents
TranslingualEdit
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 |
|||
Han characterEdit
保 (radical 9 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人口木 (ORD), four-corner 26294, composition ⿰亻呆)
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 105, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 702
- Dae Jaweon: page 222, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 160, character 4
- Unihan data for U+4FDD
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
保 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 保 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
 |
 |
 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Characters in the same phonetic series (保) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 襃 | *puː, *puː |
| 保 | *puːʔ |
| 堡 | *puːʔ |
| 褓 | *puːʔ |
| 堢 | *puːʔ |
| 緥 | *puːʔ |
| 葆 | *puːʔ |
| 賲 | *puːʔ |
| 宲 | *puːʔ |
| 椺 | *ɦmluːʔ, *ɢʷeːɡs, *ɢeːɡ |
In the oracle script, this character was an ideogrammic compound (會意): 人 (“person”) + 子 (“child”) – a person carrying a child on the back; to carry (a child) > to protect.
In early bronze inscriptions, 爪 (“hand”) was added to the person to emphasize that the person was carrying the child. This was later simplified into one or two strokes. The current form has two.
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): bou2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pó
- Min Dong (BUC): bō̤
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): pau (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ
- Wade-Giles: pao3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bao
- IPA (key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: bou2
- Yale: bóu
- Cantonese Pinyin: bou2
- Guangdong Romanization: bou2
- IPA (key): /pou̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pó
- Hakka Romanization System: bo`
- Hagfa Pinyim: bo3
- IPA: /po³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bō̤
- IPA (key): /po³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- pó͘ - literary (Quanzhou);
- pó - vernacular (Quanzhou).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bao2 / bo2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: páu / pó
- IPA (key): /pau⁵²/, /po⁵²/
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: pau (T2)
- IPA (key): /pɔ³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 保 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 博抱切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/pɑuX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/pɑuX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/pɑuX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/pawX/ |
| Li Rong |
/pɑuX/ |
| Wang Li |
/pɑuX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/pɑuX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
bǎo |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 保 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
bǎo |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ pawX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*pˤuʔ/ |
| English | protect |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 保 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 318 |
| Phonetic component |
保 |
| Rime group |
幽 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
寶 |
| Old Chinese |
/*puːʔ/ |
DefinitionsEdit
保
- to raise; to rear
- to keep; to maintain
- to protect; to safeguard; to defend
- to ensure; to guarantee
- guarantor
- Short for 保釋／保释 (bǎoshì, “to bail”).
- (historical) bao (a unit of the ancient administrative system, consisting of some 100 households)
CompoundsEdit
|
|
|
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
ReadingsEdit
- Goon: ほう (hō)
- Kan’on: ほう (hō)
- Kan’yōon: ほ (ho, Jōyō)
- Kun: たもつ (tamotsu, 保つ, Jōyō); やすんじる (yasunjiru, 保んじる)
CompoundsEdit
Proper nounEdit
保 (hiragana たもつ, rōmaji Tamotsu)
- A male given name
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
保 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune-Reischauer po)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.