Wiktionary

偶

See also: 耦
偶 U+5076, 偶
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5076
← 偵
[U+5075] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 偷 →
[U+5077]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

偶 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人田中月 (OWLB), four-corner 26227, composition ⿰亻禺)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 112, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 899
  • Dae Jaweon: page 238, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 190, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5076

ChineseEdit

trad. 偶
simp. # 偶
alternative forms 禺
耦

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 偶
Small seal script
 

s05899

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (禺) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
齵 *ŋoː, *ŋo
偶 *ŋoːʔ, *ŋoːs
耦 *ŋoːʔ
藕 *ŋoːʔ
髃 *ŋoːʔ, *ŋo
蕅 *ŋoːʔ
愚 *ŋo
隅 *ŋo
禺 *ŋo, *ŋos
湡 *ŋo
堣 *ŋo
嵎 *ŋo
鰅 *ŋo, *ŋoŋ
鍝 *ŋo
遇 *ŋos
寓 *ŋos
庽 *ŋos
媀 *ŋos
喁 *ŋoŋ
顒 *ŋoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋoːʔ, *ŋoːs): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 禺 (OC *ŋo, *ŋos) – a statue of a person, an idol.

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

Rime
Character 偶
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 五口切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋəuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋəuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋəwX/
Li
Rong 		/ŋuX/
Wang
Li 		/ŋəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ngau5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 偶
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		ǒu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nguwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋˁ(r)oʔ/
English pair, double

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 偶
Reading # 1/2
No. 15913
Phonetic
component 		禺
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		藕
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋoːʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

偶

  1. idol
    偶像  ―  ǒuxiàng  ―  idol
    穿8號球衣的那個運動員是我的偶像！ [MSC, trad.]
    穿8号球衣的那个运动员是我的偶像！ [MSC, simp.]
    Chuān bā hào qiúyī de nà ge yùndòngyuán shì wǒ de ǒuxiàng! [Pinyin]
    The athlete wearing no. 8 is my idol!
  2. couple; pair
  3. even (number)
    偶數／偶数  ―  ǒushù  ―  even number
  4. (slang, cute-sounding) Alternative form of 我 (wǒ, “I”).

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

Rime
Character 偶
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 五遘切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋəuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋəuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋəwH/
Li
Rong 		/ŋuH/
Wang
Li 		/ŋəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		òu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ngau6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 偶
Reading # 2/2
No. 15918
Phonetic
component 		禺
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		偶
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋoːs/

DefinitionsEdit

偶

  1. accidentally, coincidentally, by accident, by chance, occasionally
    偶爾／偶尔  ―  ǒu'ěr  ―  occasionally
    偶然  ―  ǒurán  ―  occasionally, accidentally

CompoundsEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

偶

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
偶
たま
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative formsEdit

AdjectiveEdit

偶(たま) • (tama) -na (adnominal 偶(たま)な (tama na), adverbial 偶(たま)に (tama ni))

  1. occasional
InflectionEdit
Inflection of 偶
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 偶だろ たまだろ tama daro
Continuative (連用形) 偶で たまで tama de
Terminal (終止形) 偶だ たまだ tama da
Attributive (連体形) 偶な たまな tama na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 偶なら たまなら tama nara
Imperative (命令形) 偶であれ たまであれ tama de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 偶ではない
偶じゃない 		たまではない
たまじゃない 		tama de wa nai
tama ja nai
Informal past 偶だった たまだった tama datta
Informal negative past 偶ではなかった
偶じゃなかった 		たまではなかった
たまじゃなかった 		tama de wa nakatta
tama ja nakatta
Formal 偶です たまです tama desu
Formal negative 偶ではありません
偶じゃありません 		たまではありません
たまじゃありません 		tama de wa arimasen
tama ja arimasen
Formal past 偶でした たまでした tama deshita
Formal negative past 偶ではありませんでした
偶じゃありませんでした 		たまではありませんでした
たまじゃありませんでした 		tama de wa arimasen deshita
tama ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 偶で たまで tama de
Conditional 偶なら（ば） たまなら（ば） tama nara (ba)
Provisional 偶だったら たまだったら tama dattara
Volitional 偶だろう たまだろう tama darō
Adverbial 偶に たまに tama ni
Degree 偶さ たまさ tamasa

NounEdit

偶(たま) • (tama) 

  1. rarity

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
偶
たまたま
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 偶 – see the following entry.
【たまたま】
[adverb] unexpectedly, by chance; luckily
Alternative spellings
偶, 偶々, 偶偶, 適, 適ま
(This term, 偶, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
偶
ぐう
Grade: S
on’yomi

Derived from Middle Chinese 偶 (MC ŋəuX, ŋəuH).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

偶(ぐう) • (gū) 

  1. (mathematics) even
    (Can we add an example for this sense?)
Coordinate termsEdit

KoreanEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle Chinese 偶 (MC ŋəuX, “idol; pair”).

Historical readings

PronunciationEdit

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [u(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [우(ː)]
    • Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

HanjaEdit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

偶 (eumhun 짝 우 (jjak u))

  1. Hanja form? of 우 (“idol; pair”).
  2. Hanja form? of 우 (“even (number)”).

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle Chinese 偶 (MC ŋəuH, “by chance”).

Historical readings

PronunciationEdit

HanjaEdit

偶 (eumhun 마침 우 (machim u))

  1. Hanja form? of 우 (“by chance; accidentally; coincidentally”).

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

ReferencesEdit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

偶: Hán Nôm readings: ngẫu, ngẩu, ngậu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=偶&oldid=70628672"