備

See also: 备, 俻, and 僃

備	U+5099, 備 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5099

← 傘
[U+5098]

CJK Unified Ideographs

傚 →
[U+509A]

備	U+2F809, 備 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F809

← 偺
[U+2F808]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

僧 →
[U+2F80A]

Translingual edit

Traditional	備
Simplified	备
Japanese	備
Korean	備

Han character edit

備 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人廿竹月 (OTHB), four-corner 2422₇, composition ⿰亻𤰇 (GT) or ⿰亻⿱卄⿸厂用 (JK))

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 113, character 21
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 967
Dae Jaweon: page 241, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 200, character 8
Unihan data for U+5099

Unihan data for U+2F809

Chinese edit

trad.		備
simp.		备
alternative forms		俻僃𠈍 ancient

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 備

Shang

Western Zhou

Warring States

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Oracle bone script

Bronze inscriptions

Chu slip and silk script

Qin slip script

Ancient script

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Bronze inscriptions**
b12291	b12292	b12293	b12294	b12295

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L35726	L35727	L19650	L19651	L19652	L19653	L19654

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (備) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
憊	*brɯːɡs
韛	*brɯːɡs
備	*brɯɡs
俻	*brɯɡs
鞴	brɯɡs, baːɡs, *bɯɡ
糒	*brɯɡs
犕	*brɯɡs

Phono-semantic (形聲／形声, OC *brɯɡs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : a person (亻) carrying a quiver (𤰈 OC *bɯɡ) – "ready; prepared".

Etymology edit

Area word; compare Burmese ပြင် (prang, “to get ready; to prepare”), Jingpho hpra (pʰraʔ³¹, “to complete”), Mon ပြေၚ် (“to prepare; to arrange for”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bèi (bei⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bei⁶, bei^6-2
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): phi

(Meixian, Guangdong): pi⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): bei³
Eastern Min (BUC): bê
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pī

(Teochew, Peng'im): bi⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶be

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bèi
  - Wade–Giles: pei⁴
  - Yale: bèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bey
  - Palladius: бэй (bɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bei⁶, bei^6-2
  - Yale: beih, béi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei⁶, bei^6-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: béi⁶, béi^6-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯²²/, /pei̯²²⁻³⁵/

Note: bei6-2 - used in names.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phi
  - Hakka Romanization System: pi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰi⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: pi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰi⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: bei³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pei⁴⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛi²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pī
  - Tâi-lô: pī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pi
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /pi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pi³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pi²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bi⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶be
  - MiniDict: be^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³be
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /be²³/

Middle Chinese: bijH

Rime
Character	備
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	平祕切
Baxter	bijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠiɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/biɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bji^H/
Li Rong	/bji^H/
Wang Li	/bi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]rək-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*brɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	備
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bèi
Middle Chinese	‹ bij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]rək-s/
English	complete (adj.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	備
Reading #	1/1
No.	426
Phonetic component	備
Rime group	代
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	備
Old Chinese	/*brɯɡs/

Definitions edit

備

to prepare
備而不用／备而不用 ― bèi'érbùyòng ― to have something ready just in case; to keep something for possible future use
- 孔明索紙筆，屏退左右，密書十六字曰：「欲破曹公，宜用火攻；萬事俱備，只欠東風。」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  孔明索纸笔，屏退左右，密书十六字曰：「欲破曹公，宜用火攻；万事俱备，只欠东风。」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14^th century CE
  Kǒngmíng suǒ zhǐbǐ, píngtuì zuǒyòu, mì shū shíliù zì yuē: “Yù pò Cáo gōng, yí yòng huǒgōng; wànshì jù bèi, zhǐ qiàn dōngfēng.” [Pinyin]
  Kongming asked for papers and pen, dismissed the attendants, then secretly wrote sixteen words: "To defeat Lord Cao, must use fire attack; everything is ready, only missing the easternly wind."
to provide or prepare against; to take precautions against
攻其不備／攻其不备 ― gōngqíbùbèi ― to attack when the enemy is unprepared

以備不時之需／以备不时之需 ― yǐ bèi bùshízhīxū ― for unexpected future use
- 君子曰：「不備不虞，不可以師。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  君子曰：「不备不虞，不可以师。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Jūnzǐ yuē: “Bùbèi bùyú, bùkěyǐ shī.” [Pinyin]
  The gentleman said: "One who is not prepared against the unexpected cannot command troops."
- 將兵北屯下曲陽，備匈奴。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  将兵北屯下曲阳，备匈奴。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5^th century CE
  Jiāng bīng běitún Xiàqūyáng, bèi Xiōngnú. [Pinyin]
  (Ma Wu) led his troops, whom he stationed north – at Xiaquyang – to defend against the Xiongnu.
equipment
軍備／军备 ― jūnbèi ― armament; arms
to possess
才德兼備／才德兼备 ― cáidéjiānbèi ― to possess both ability and integrity
complete
- 居惡在。仁是也。路惡在。義是也。居仁由義、大人之事備矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  居恶在。仁是也。路恶在。义是也。居仁由义、大人之事备矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Jū wū zài. Rén shì yě. Lù wū zài. Yì shì yě. Jūrén yóuyì, dàrén zhī shìbèi yǐ. [Pinyin]
  Wherever you dwell, make it Humane; whatever course you travel, make it Just. Abiding in humaneness and acting through fairness—this is how the great man completes his work
- 周公謂魯公曰：「君子不施其親，不使大臣怨乎不以。故舊，無大故，則不棄也。無求備於一人。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  周公谓鲁公曰：「君子不施其亲，不使大臣怨乎不以。故旧，无大故，则不弃也。无求备于一人。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
  Zhōugōng wèi Lǔgōng yuē: “Jūnzǐ bù chí qí qīn, bù shǐ dàchén yuàn hū bù yǐ. Gùjiù, wú dàgù, zé bù qì yě. Wú qiú bèi yú yīrén.” [Pinyin]
  The Duke of Zhou said to Duke of Lu: "The gentleman does not neglect his kinsmen, does not make the great ministers grudge over being not used, and certainly does not reject old friends without great causes. Neither does he not seek perfection in one man."
fully
備受關注／备受关注 ― bèi shòu guānzhù ― to attract a lot of attention
- 乃命冢宰，農事備收。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  乃命冢宰，农事备收。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Nǎi mìng zhǒngzǎi, nóngshì bèi shōu. [Pinyin]
  Orders are also given to the chief minister, after the fruits of husbandry have all been gathered in, […]