儂

See also: 侬

儂 U+5102, 儂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5102 ← 儁 [U+5101] CJK Unified Ideographs 儃 → [U+5103]

Translingual

Han character

儂 (radical 9, 人+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 人廿田女 (OTWV), four-corner 2523₂, composition ⿰亻農)

References

• KangXi: page 118, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1176
• Dae Jaweon: page 251, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 225, character 4
• Unihan data for U+5102

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Chinese

Glyph origin

trad.		儂
simp.		侬
alternative forms		人 Min 𠆧 Min Dong 農／农 Wu

Characters in the same phonetic series (農) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
嶩	*nuː
噥	*rnuːŋ, *nuːŋ
鬞	*rnuːŋ, *noŋ
擃	*rnuːŋʔ
齈	*noːŋs
癑	*noːŋs
農	*nuːŋ
辳	*nuːŋ
憹	*nuːŋ
膿	*nuːŋ
儂	*nuːŋ
濃	*noŋ
醲	*noŋ
襛	*noŋ, *njoŋ
穠	*noŋ, *njoŋ
檂	*noŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *nuːŋ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 農 (OC *nuːŋ).

Etymology 1

“Person; I; me > suffix for pronouns” in southeastern dialects.

Its senses of “person; human being” and “pronoun suffix” are well-attested in the classical literature, dating back to the Six Dynasties. At the present time, traces of this word are found in regions of Jiangsu (Northern Wu), Anhui (Hui), Shanghai (Northern Wu), Zhejiang (Southern Wu), Jiangxi (Gan), Fujian (Min), Guangdong (Southern Min, Cantonese), Guangxi (Cantonese) and Hainan (Min).

“Person; human”

In coastal Min (Min Dong, Min Nan and Puxian Min), it serves as the vernacular reading of 人 (OC *njin, “person”), by itself or in compounds. It is also used in Jinqu Wu dialects (formerly classified as Wuzhou Wu and Chuqu Wu), usually written as 農.

“I”

儂 was used to mean “I” in medieval poetry from the Wu region, before it was displaced by the common Chinese 我 (MC ŋɑ^X, “I”). Also attested was ancient Wu 阿儂 (MC ʔɑ nuoŋ, “I”), which was abbreviated to 阿 (“I”) in certain dialects, such as Jinhua.

“Pronoun suffix”

This is widely found in Wu and Min dialects. The structure ‹ singular pronoun (“I, you, he/she/it”) + 儂 › is common, with 儂 functioning either as a meaningless particle or a pluraliser. The resulting forms were thus used to mean singular or plural pronouns, and were rather prone to elision to become a single syllable. Compare the following plural pronouns in Min:

Original word	Meaning	Fuding (Eastern Min)	Longyan (Southern Min)	Xiamen (Southern Min)	Xianyou (Puxian Min)
我儂	we	ua neiŋ	gua laŋ	gun (阮)	kuoŋ ~ kŋ (滾)
儂儂	we (inclusive)	-	laŋ laŋ	lan (咱)	-
汝儂	you (plural)	ni neiŋ	li laŋ	lin (恁)	tyøŋ (長)
伊儂	they	i neiŋ	i laŋ	in (𪜶)	yøŋ (𪜶)

A similar chain of changes happened in the Wu dialects to arrive at the modern divergent dialectal forms for “you (singular)”. In Shanghai and some other Wu dialects, the first syllable had become elided, leaving 儂 to mean “you (singular)”.

爾儂 (MC ȵiᴇX nuoŋ)
Fenghua (Zhejiang)	/n̩˧˨˦.noŋˑ/
Yuyao (Zhejiang)	/noŋ˩˩˧/
Shanghai (Shanghai)	/nʊŋ˨˧/ (儂)
Ningbo (Zhejiang)	/nəu˨˩˧/
Changshu (Jiangsu)	/nɛ̃˧˩/
Suzhou (Jiangsu)	/ne̞˧˩/
Shengze (Jiangsu)	/nə˧˩/

With regard to the etymology of this word, Huang (1980), Norman (1983) and Zhou (1986) hypothesised that this is the same as 農 (OC *nuːŋ, “farmer; peasant”). The use of this word as a pronoun may have originated as a form of personal deprecation and then come to be used as a full-fledged pronoun. Pan and Chen (1995) considered this theory implausible, and proposed that this was originally a Baiyue substrate word, possibly of Kra-Dai origin. The initial meaning of nong was possibly a clan name, later developing to mean “person; I”. Compare Zhuang Nungz (“a surname”) and name of the 11^th century Zhuang leader Nong Zhigao, as well as the name of the Nùng people in Vietnam.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nóng (nong²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): nung⁴
• Min Dong (BUC): nè̤ng / nùng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): lâng / lông

  (Teochew, Peng'im): nang⁵ / long⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): non (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: nóng
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄥˊ
    • Wade–Giles: nung2
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nong
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nóng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʊŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: nung⁴
    • Yale: nùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: nung⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: nung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʊŋ²¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: nè̤ng / nùng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡøyŋ⁵³/, /nˡuŋ⁵³/

Note:

• nè̤ng - vernacular;
• nùng - literary.

Min Nan

• (Hokkien)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâng / lông
  • Tâi-lô: lâng / lông
  • Phofsit Daibuun: laang, loong
  • IPA (Xiamen): /laŋ²⁴/, /lɔŋ²⁴/
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /laŋ²⁴/, /lɔŋ²⁴/
  • IPA (Zhangzhou): /laŋ¹³/, /lɔŋ¹³/
  • IPA (Taipei): /laŋ²⁴/, /lɔŋ²⁴/
  • IPA (Kaohsiung): /laŋ²³/, /lɔŋ²³/

Note:

• lâng - vernacular;
• lông - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: nang⁵ / long⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nâng / lông
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /naŋ⁵⁵/, /loŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• nang5 - vernacular;
• long5 - literary.

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: non (T3)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʊŋ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /nuoŋ/

Rime
Character	儂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	奴冬切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nuoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/nuoŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/noŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nawŋ/
Li Rong	/noŋ/
Wang Li	/nuoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/nuoŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nóng

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*nuːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	儂
Reading #	1/1
No.	9576
Phonetic component	農
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	農
Old Chinese	/*nuːŋ/

Definitions

儂

1. (coastal Min, dialectal Wu) person; human being (Classifier: 隻／只 md; 個／个 mn)
2. (coastal Min) a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er
3. (coastal Min) physical, psychological or moral quality or condition
4. (coastal Min) others; other people
5. (Wu, coastal Min) I; me
6. (archaic or Wu) you (singular)

   哪能儂現在上海閒話講了介好？ [Shanghainese, trad.]
   哪能侬现在上海闲话讲了介好？ [Shanghainese, simp.]

   [na̱²² nəɲ³³  nʊŋ³³  ɦi²² z̻e̞³³  z̻ɑ̃²² he̞³³  ɦe̞²² ɦo³³  kɑ̃⁴⁴  ləʔ²²  ka̱⁴⁴  hɔ³⁴] [IPA]

   How come you speak Shanghainese so well?

7. (dialectal Wu) he, him; she, her; it
8. (Min, Wu) Suffix for pronouns, functioning as a meaningless particle or a pluralising particle.
9. A surname​. Nong

Usage notes

• (I):
  • Archaic in Wu.
  • In coastal Min (Min Dong nè̤ng; Hokkien lāng, lǎng, lâng; Hainanese nang²), it is often used affectionately like Mandarin 人家 (rénjia).

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 人 (“man; person”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		人
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		人
Mandarin	Beijing	人
	Taiwan	人
	Tianjin	人
	Harbin	人
	Shenyang	人
	Jinan	人
	Muping	人
	Luoyang	人
	Wanrong	人
	Xi'an	人
	Qingdao	人
	Zhengzhou	人
	Xining	人
	Xuzhou	人
	Yinchuan	人
	Lanzhou	人
	Ürümqi	人
	Wuhan	人
	Chengdu	人
	Guiyang	人
	Guilin	人
	Liuzhou	人
	Kunming	人
	Yangzhou	人
	Nanjing	人
	Hefei	人
	Nantong	人
	Malaysia	人
	Singapore	人
Cantonese	Guangzhou	人
	Hong Kong	人
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	人
	Foshan	人
	Shunde	人
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	人
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	人
	Taishan	人
	Kaiping (Chikan)	人
	Dongguan	人
	Yunfu	人
	Yangjiang	人
	Xinyi	人
	Nanning	人
	Wuzhou	人
	Yulin	人
	Hepu	人
	Danzhou	人
	Kuala Lumpur	人
	Singapore	人
Gan	Nanchang	人
	Lichuan	人
	Pingxiang	人
Hakka	Meixian	人
	Luchuan	人
	Changting	人
	Wuping	人
	Liancheng	人
	Ninghua	人
	Yudu	人
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	人
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	人
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	人
	Dongshi (Dabu)	人
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	人
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	人
	Hong Kong	人
	Sabah	人
	Senai	人
	Singkawang	人
Huizhou	Jixi	人
	Shexian	人
	Tunxi	人
Jin	Taiyuan	人
	Xinzhou	人
Min Bei	Jian'ou	人
	Dikou	人
	Songxi	人
	Zhenghe	人
	Zhenqian	人
	Jianyang	人
	Wuyishan	人
	Shibei	人
Min Dong	Fuzhou	儂
	Changle	儂
	Fuqing	儂
	Pingtan	儂
	Yongtai	儂
	Gutian	儂
	Fu'an	儂
	Ningde	儂
	Shouning	儂
	Zhouning	儂
	Fuding	儂
	Matsu	儂
Min Nan	Xiamen	儂
	Quanzhou	儂
	Zhangzhou	儂
	Taipei	儂
	Kaohsiung	儂
	Tainan	儂
	Taichung	儂
	Wuqi	儂
	Hsinchu	儂
	Taitung	儂
	Lukang	儂
	Sanxia	儂
	Yilan	儂
	Kinmen	儂
	Magong	儂
	Penang (Hokkien)	儂
	Singapore (Hokkien)	儂
	Philippines (Manila Hokkien)	儂
	Datian	儂
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	儂
	Chaozhou	儂
	Shantou	儂
	Jieyang	儂
	Haifeng	儂
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	儂
	Singapore (Teochew)	儂
	Wenchang	儂
	Haikou	儂
	Leizhou	儂
Puxian Min	Putian	儂
	Xianyou	儂
Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	人
	Guilin (Dahe)	人
Wu	Shanghai	人
	Suzhou	人
	Hangzhou	人
	Wenzhou	人
	Chongming	人
	Danyang	人
	Jinhua	人
	Tangxi	儂
	Ningbo	人
Xiang	Changsha	人
	Shuangfeng	人
	Xiangtan	人
	Loudi	人
	Quanzhou	人

Dialectal synonyms of 你 (“you (singular)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		汝, 爾, 乃, 而, 若, 伊, 子, 君 honorific, 卿 honorific
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		你, 您 honorific, 閣下 honorific, 貴方 honorific
Mandarin	Beijing	你, 您 honorific
	Taiwan	你, 您 honorific
	Harbin	你, 您 honorific
	Shenyang	你
	Hailar	你
	Ulanhot	你
	Tongliao	你
	Chifeng	你, 您 honorific
	Bayanhot	你, 您 honorific
	Jinan	你
	Muping	你
	Luoyang	你
	Wanrong	你
	Xi'an	你
	Zhengzhou	你
	Xining	你, 喬
	Xuzhou	恁, 你
	Yinchuan	你
	Lanzhou	你
	Ürümqi	你
	Wuhan	你, 你家 honorific
	Chengdu	你
	Guiyang	你
	Guilin	你
	Liuzhou	你
	Kunming	你
	Yangzhou	你
	Nanjing	你
	Hefei	你
	Nantong	你
	Malaysia	你, 您 honorific
	Singapore	你, 您 honorific
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	你
Cantonese	Guangzhou	你
	Hong Kong	你
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	你
	Macau	你
	Panyu	你
	Huadu (Huashan)	你
	Conghua	你
	Zengcheng	你
	Foshan	你
	Nanhai (Shatou)	你
	Shunde	你
	Sanshui	你
	Gaoming (Mingcheng)	你
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	你
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	你
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	你
	Doumen	你
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	你
	Xinhui	你
	Taishan	你
	Kaiping (Chikan)	你
	Enping (Niujiang)	你
	Heshan (Yayao)	你
	Dongguan	你
	Bao'an (Shajing)	你
	Shaoguan	你
	Yunfu	你
	Yangjiang	你
	Xinyi	你
	Lianjiang	你
	Danzhou	你
	Kuala Lumpur	你
	Singapore	你
Gan	Nanchang	你
	Lichuan	汝
	Pingxiang	恨, 你
Hakka	Meixian	你
	Xingning	你
	Huidong (Daling)	你
	Qujiang	你
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	你
	Changting	你
	Pingyu	你
	Wuping	你
	Liancheng	你
	Ninghua	你
	Yudu	你
	Ruijin	你
	Shicheng	你
	Shangyou	你
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	你
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	你
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	你
	Dongshi (Dabu)	你
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	你
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	你
	Hong Kong	你
	Sabah	你
	Senai	你
	Singkawang	你
Huizhou	Jixi	爾, 爾仂
	Shexian	爾
	Tunxi	爾, 爾仂
Jin	Taiyuan	你
	Xinzhou	你, 你吶 honorific
	Baochang	你, 您 honorific
	Jining	你, 您 honorific
	Hohhot	你, 您 honorific
	Baotou	你, 您 honorific
	Dongsheng	你, 您 honorific
	Linhe	你, 您 honorific
	Haibowan	你, 您 honorific
Min Bei	Jian'ou	你
	Dikou	你
	Songxi	你
	Zhenghe	你
	Zhenqian	汝
	Jianyang	你
	Wuyishan	你
	Shibei	你
Min Dong	Fuzhou	汝
	Changle	汝
	Fuqing	汝
	Pingtan	汝
	Yongtai	汝
	Gutian	汝
	Fu'an	汝
	Ningde	汝
	Shouning	汝
	Zhouning	汝
	Fuding	汝
	Matsu	汝
Min Nan	Xiamen	汝
	Tong'an	汝
	Quanzhou	汝
	Zhangzhou	汝
	Taipei	汝
	Kaohsiung	汝
	Tainan	汝
	Taichung	汝
	Wuqi	汝
	Hsinchu	汝
	Taitung	汝
	Lukang	汝
	Sanxia	汝
	Yilan	汝
	Kinmen	汝
	Magong	汝
	Penang (Hokkien)	汝
	Singapore (Hokkien)	汝
	Philippines (Manila Hokkien)	汝
	Chaozhou	汝
	Shantou	汝
	Jieyang	汝
	Haifeng	汝
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	汝
	Singapore (Teochew)	汝
	Wenchang	汝
	Haikou	汝
	Leizhou	汝
Puxian Min	Putian	汝
	Xianyou	汝
Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	你
Wu	Shanghai	儂
	Suzhou	倷
	Wuxi	你
	Hangzhou	你
	Wenzhou	你
	Chongming	爾
	Danyang	爾
	Jinhua	儂
	Tangxi	爾, 爾儂
	Ningbo	儂, 爾, 爾儂
Xiang	Changsha	你
	Shuangfeng	你
	Xiangtan	你
	Loudi	你

Compounds

• 伊儂／伊侬
• 你儂／你侬 (nǐnóng)
• 你儂我儂／你侬我侬 (nǐnóngwǒnóng)
• 偎儂／偎侬

• 儂人／侬人
• 儂家／侬家 (nóngjiā)
• 吳儂／吴侬
• 咱儂／咱侬

• 我儂／我侬 (wǒnóng)
• 曼儂／曼侬
• 汝儂／汝侬
• 渠儂／渠侬 (qúnóng)

Etymology 2

trad.		儂
simp.		侬

Probably a Kra-Dai substrate word. Compare Proto-Tai *nwoːŋᶜ (“younger sibling”), Southern Kam nongx (“younger sibling”).

Definitions

儂

1. (dialectal Cantonese) child
2. (dialectal Cantonese) son
3. (Leizhou Min) infant
4. (Hainanese, polite, humble) Used as a first-person singular pronoun, especially used by someone in the younger generation.

   • 文昌河　儂心中的河 [Hainanese, trad.]
     文昌河　侬心中的河 [Hainanese, simp.]

     From: 吴不为, 文昌河母亲河

     vun² sio¹ hho², nong³ dim¹ dong¹ gai² hho² [Guangdong Romanization]

     Wenchang River, the river in my heart

   • 儂是文昌人　儂愛儂個家鄉 [Hainanese, trad.]
     侬是文昌人　侬爱侬个家乡 [Hainanese, simp.]

     From: 2017, 麦英, 侬是文昌人

     nong³ di⁵ vun² sio¹ nang², nong³ ai⁴ nong³ gai² ge¹ hhiang¹ [Guangdong Romanization]

     I am from Wenchang. I love my hometown.

   • 儂是海南阿哥　老厝置瓊海丹嶺村 [Hainanese, trad.]
     侬是海南阿哥　老厝置琼海丹岭村 [Hainanese, simp.]

     From: 2019, 黃明志 (Namewee) ft. 林俊逸 (Sean Lin), 不到海南島 (Lovely Hainan Island)

     nong³ di⁵ hhai³ nam² a¹ go¹, lao⁵ su⁴ ddu⁵ heng² hhai³ ddan¹ lia³ sui¹ [Guangdong Romanization]

     I am Mr. Hainan, who came from Danling village in Qionghai country^{[sic, meaning county]}

5. (Hainanese, endearing) A pronoun used by someone in the older generation to refer to someone in the younger generation.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 小孩 (“child; kid”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		子, 孩, 童
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		兒童, 小孩, 孩子, 小孩子, 小朋友, 小童, 孩童
Mandarin	Beijing	小孩兒
	Taiwan	小孩, 小孩子
	Tianjin	小孩兒, 小巴拉子, 小嘎巴豆子 humorous, 小嘎崩豆子 humorous, 小毛孩子, 小毛孩兒, 小屁孩兒
	Langfang	小孩兒
	Tangshan	小孩兒
	Cangzhou	小孩子
	Baoding	小孩兒
	Shijiazhuang	小孩兒
	Daming	小孩兒
	Harbin	小孩兒, 小孩伢子, 小尕兒, 小尕子, 毛孩子, 小孩崽子, 孩崽子, 小屄崽子, 小豆包兒
	Hailar	小孩兒
	Bayanhot	娃娃
	Jinan	小孩兒, 孩子
	Muping	小孩兒, 小孩子
	Luoyang	小孩兒, 孩子
	Wanrong	小娃, 猴娃子
	Xi'an	娃, 碎娃, 碎娃兒, 碎子兒
	Xining	娃娃家, 尕扎兒, 尕娃, 尕脬蛋
	Xuzhou	小孩兒, 小孩子, 孩子, 孩子蛋, 坷垃頭兒, 坷垃頭子, 小巴狗兒, 巴狗兒
	Yinchuan	娃娃
	Lanzhou	娃娃, 尕的個, 狗娃, 尕, 壞子兒, 子子子
	Ürümqi	娃娃, 尕娃娃, 巴郎子, 子子子, 尕子兒, 尕子子子, 泡克子兒, 尕蹦豆兒, 尕㞞, 熱子兒
	Wuhan	小伢, 伢, 小把戲, 小蘿蔔坨, 蘿蔔坨
	Huanggang	細伢兒
	Chengdu	娃兒, 小娃兒, 娃娃, 小娃娃, 小人, 崽崽, 崽兒
	Guiyang	娃娃, 娃兒, 小崽
	Guilin	把爺, 小把爺, 把爺崽
	Liuzhou	娃崽, 小娃崽
	Kunming	娃娃, 小娃娃, 小鬼, 小鬼娃娃
	Yangzhou	霞子, 小霞子, 小鬼豆子, 小把戲
	Nanjing	娃兒, 娃娃, 小娃兒, 小孩兒, 孩子
	Hefei	小霞子, 伢子, 小伢子
	Nantong	伢兒
	Malaysia	小孩子
	Singapore	小孩子
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	娃娃, 娃
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	娃
Cantonese	Guangzhou	細路, 細路仔, 細佬仔, 細佬哥, 細路哥, 細蚊仔, 豆釘, 塞竇窿
	Hong Kong	細路, 細路仔, 細佬哥, 細路哥, 細蚊仔, 豆釘, 塞竇窿, 小朋友
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	細蚊仔
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	細蚊仔, 細佬仔, 細佬哥
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	細佬哥
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	細蚊仔
	Macau	細蚊仔
	Panyu	細蚊仔, 細佬仔
	Huadu (Huashan)	細佬哥
	Conghua	細蚊仔, 細路仔
	Zengcheng	細蚊仔
	Foshan	細蚊仔, 細路仔
	Nanhai (Shatou)	嫩蚊仔
	Shunde	細路哥
	Sanshui	細路哥
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	細蚊仔
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	細佬哥
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	細路仔
	Doumen	細佬哥
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	細佬哥
	Xinhui	細佬哥
	Taishan	細民仔, 細佬哥
	Kaiping (Chikan)	細民仔
	Enping (Niujiang)	細蚊仔, 細路仔
	Heshan (Yayao)	心滿仔
	Dongguan	細蚊仔, 細路哥, 細路
	Bao'an (Shajing)	細蚊仔, 細佬哥
	Dapeng	細蚊仔
	Qingyuan	細佬哥, 細蚊仔
	Fogang	細蚊仔
	Yingde (Hanguang)	細佬哥, 細蚊仔
	Yangshan	細蚊仔, 正蚊仔
	Lianshan (Butian)	細子兒
	Shaoguan	細佬哥, 細蚊仔
	Qujiang	細蚊仔, 細路哥
	Renhua	細佬哥
	Lechang	細蚊仔
	Gaoyao	細蚊仔, 細佬哥
	Sihui	細蚊仔, 細佬哥
	Guangning	細蚊仔
	Deqing	細佬仔
	Huaiji	細蚊仔
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	兒仔
	Yunfu	細佬哥
	Xinxing	細蚊仔
	Luoding	細蚊仔
	Yunan (Pingtai)	細佬哥
	Yangjiang	細蚊仔, 細仔
	Xinyi	儂, 細儂
	Lianjiang	細蚊仔, 細路仔
	Nanning	細鬼, 細蚊仔, 細佬哥
	Wuzhou	細路仔, 細佬哥, 蘇蝦仔
	Yulin	儂兒
	Danzhou	細儂
	Kuala Lumpur	細蚊仔
	Singapore	細路, 細路仔
	Ho Chi Minh City	細蚊仔
Gan	Nanchang	細人子, 細伢子, 小朋友, 小把戲, 鬼鬼子, 小鬼, 細鬼, 孩兒
	Lichuan	伢崽兒
	Pingxiang	伢妹仔
Hakka	Meixian	細人仔, 細拐仔, 細鬼仔
	Xingning	細仔子
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	細佬哥, 細仔
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	細仔
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	細仔
	Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)	細仔
	Huidong (Daling)	阿僬仔
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	細佬哥
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	阿僬仔
	Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)	僬仔
	Boluo (Bendihua)	細蚊仔哎
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	老弟仔, 老妹仔
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	阿僬仔
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	僬仔
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	僬仔
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	細仔哩, 阿僬哩
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	細人哩, 細仔哩, 細哩, 細佬哥
	Wuhua (Changbu)	細仔哩, 阿僬哩
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	阿僬哩
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	細蚊仔, 鬼仔
	Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)	阿僬仔, 細佬仔
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	細佬哥
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	細蚊仔
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	細佬哥
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	細佬哥
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	細佬哥
	Qujiang	細人子, 細蚊子
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	細佬哥
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	細仔
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	細佬仔
	Liannan	細子
	Conghua (Lütian)	細仔
	Jiexi	細人
	Luchuan	大細兒
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	大細兒
	Changting	細人哩
	Pingyu	細人子
	Wuping	細人子
	Liancheng	細人子
	Ninghua	大細子, 子女, 子女哩
	Yudu	細人子, 小鬼
	Ruijin	細人子
	Shicheng	大細子
	Shangyou	細伢子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	細人仔, 細孲仔
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	細人仔, 細孲仔
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	細人仔, 細孲仔
	Dongshi (Dabu)	細人, 細孲
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	細人仔, 細子人, 細孲仔
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	細子, 細子人
	Hong Kong	僬仔, 細佬哥
	Sabah (Longchuan)	細蚊仔, 細佬哥
	Senai	阿僬仔, 細蚊仔
	Singkawang	細貨, 細人
Huizhou	Jixi	細人家, 細鬼, 妹, 細家伙
	Shexian	小人家
	Tunxi	囝, 囝仂家, 細兒囝, 細囝
	Xiuning	囝仂家
	Yixian	囝兒
	Qimen	小囝, 囝
	Wuyuan	細人家, 細人
	Dexing	嫩人家
	Jingde	小免伲
	Xianyu (formerly Zhanda)	點點們兒
Jin	Taiyuan	娃娃, 小娃娃, 小鬼
	Xinzhou	娃娃
	Hohhot	娃娃
	Zhangjiakou	小孩兒
	Handan	小孩兒
Min Bei	Jian'ou	囝仔, 囝仔人
	Dikou	囝仔
	Songxi	囝仔, 囝仔人
	Zhenghe	囝仔
	Jianyang	囝仔
	Wuyishan	囝仔
	Shibei	囝仔
Min Dong	Fuzhou	兒囝, 兒囝哥, 孩兒
	Changle	兒囝
	Fuqing	兒囝, 兒囝哥, 兒囝鬼
	Yongtai	兒囝
	Gutian	傀儡囝
	Fu'an	傀儡
	Ningde	傀儡
	Shouning	傀儡
	Zhouning	傀儡, 傀儡囝
	Fuding	傀儡, 傀儡囝
	Matsu	兒囝, 兒囝哥
Min Nan	Xiamen	囡仔, 囡仔儂, 細漢囝, 細漢囡仔, 囡仔兄, 囡仔疕, 囡仔栽, 小髫
	Tong'an	囡仔
	Quanzhou	囡仔, 囡仔儂, 細漢囝, 細漢囡仔, 囡仔栽, 小髫
	Jinjiang	囡仔
	Hui'an	囡仔
	Yongchun	囡囝
	Zhangzhou	囡仔, 囡仔儂, 細漢囝, 細漢囡仔, 細漢的, 囡仔嬰, 囡仔囝, 囡仔疕, 囡仔栽, 囡仔包, 囡仔鬼, 小髫
	Changtai	囡仔, 嬰仔
	Zhao'an	囝弟
	Taipei	囡仔
	Kaohsiung	囡仔, 囡仔儂, 囡仔囝
	Tainan	囡仔, 囡仔儂, 囡仔囝
	Taichung	囡仔
	Wuqi	囡仔
	Hsinchu	囡仔
	Taitung	囡仔
	Lukang	囡仔
	Sanxia	囡仔
	Yilan	囡仔
	Kinmen	囡仔
	Magong	囡仔
	Penang (Hokkien)	囡仔, 囡仔儂, 囡仔囝, 囝
	Singapore (Hokkien)	囡仔
	Philippines (Manila Hokkien)	囡仔
	Longyan	嬰仔儂
	Zhangping	嬰儂
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	嬰仔儂, 嬰仔
	Datian	囡仔
	Chaozhou	孥囝
	Shantou	孥囝
	Chaoyang	孥囝
	Jieyang	孥囝, 孥囝鬼
	Haifeng	郎仔, 郎仔儂
	Thailand (Bangkok Teochew)	孥囝
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	孥囝
	Singapore (Teochew)	孥囝
	Wenchang	孧囝
	Qionghai	孧囝
	Haikou	細囝, 孧囝
	Leizhou	儂囝
Puxian Min	Putian	阿毜, 帶囝
Min Zhong	Yong'an	囝仔倽
	Sanyuan	囝仔倽, 囝仔
	Shaxian	囝仔倽
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	細蚊囝
	Sanxiang	細佬哥
Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	細蚊崽, 細鬼崽, 鬼崽
Shehua	Fu'an	生仔
	Luoyuan	細仔
	Sanming	細仔
	Shunchang	細仔哥
	Hua'an	細仔
	Guixi	細仔
	Chaozhou	細仔
	Fengshun	細人仔
Wu	Shanghai	小人, 小囡, 囡, 小八臘子, 小把戲, 小赤佬, 小鬼頭, 小鬼, 小鬼三
	Suzhou	小人, 小干, 小干兒, 小囡, 小赤佬, 小鬼
	Wuxi	佬小, 小佬小, 細佬小, 小倌
	Hangzhou	小伢兒, 小鬼頭兒
	Wenzhou	細兒, 瑣細兒, 瑣個兒, 小溜溜, 娒娒, 娒, 阿娒, 蟹飯
	Chongming	小囡, 小囡頭子, 小官, 小官頭子
	Danyang	小兒, 小把戲, 小鬼頭子
	Jinhua	小個, 小人, 小干, 小個人, 小碗
	Tangxi	小儂兒
	Ningbo	小人, 小小人, 小朋友, 小鬼, 小巴癩子, 小巴癩施, 小赤佬, 小癟三
Xiang	Changsha	細伢子, 細人子, 伢妹子, 伢細子
	Shuangfeng	細人唧
	Xiangtan	細人唧
	Loudi	細人唧, 細個唧, 細把戲唧

Dialectal synonyms of 兒子 (“son”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		子, 男兒
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		兒子
Mandarin	Beijing	兒子, 小子
	Taiwan	兒子
	Tianjin	兒子, 小子, 少的
	Harbin	兒子
	Shenyang	兒子
	Jinan	兒, 兒子, 小子
	Muping	兒郎, 兒
	Luoyang	兒子
	Wanrong	娃, 兒
	Xi'an	兒, 兒子
	Qingdao	兒
	Zhengzhou	孩兒, 小子
	Xining	兒子
	Xuzhou	兒, 兒子
	Yinchuan	兒子
	Lanzhou	兒子, 後人
	Ürümqi	兒子
	Wuhan	兒子, 兒
	Huanggang	兒
	Chengdu	兒子, 兒
	Guiyang	兒子, 男娃娃, 男娃兒
	Guilin	崽
	Liuzhou	崽
	Kunming	兒子
	Yangzhou	兒子
	Nanjing	兒子
	Hefei	兒子
	Nantong	侯
	Malaysia	兒子
	Singapore	兒子
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	兒
Cantonese	Guangzhou	仔
	Hong Kong	仔
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	仔
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	仔
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	仔
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	仔
	Macau	仔
	Panyu	仔
	Huadu (Huashan)	仔
	Conghua	仔
	Zengcheng	仔
	Foshan	仔
	Nanhai (Shatou)	仔
	Shunde	仔
	Sanshui	仔
	Gaoming (Mingcheng)	仔
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	仔
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	仔
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	仔
	Doumen	仔
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	仔
	Xinhui	仔
	Taishan	仔
	Kaiping (Chikan)	仔
	Enping (Niujiang)	仔
	Heshan (Yayao)	仔
	Dongguan	仔
	Bao'an (Shajing)	仔
	Dapeng	阿仔
	Qingyuan	仔
	Fogang	仔
	Yingde (Hanguang)	仔
	Yangshan	仔
	Lianshan (Butian)	仔
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	仔
	Shaoguan	仔
	Qujiang	仔
	Renhua	仔
	Lechang	仔
	Gaoyao	仔
	Sihui	仔
	Guangning	仔
	Deqing	仔
	Huaiji	仔
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	仔
	Yunfu	仔
	Xinxing	仔
	Luoding	仔
	Yunan (Pingtai)	仔
	Yangjiang	仔
	Xinyi	仔
	Lianjiang	仔
	Nanning	仔
	Wuzhou	仔
	Yulin	儂
	Hepu	仔
	Danzhou	兒
	Kuala Lumpur	仔
	Singapore	仔
	Ho Chi Minh City	仔
Gan	Nanchang	崽
	Lichuan	崽, 子
	Pingxiang	崽, 倈牯, 倈
Hakka	Meixian	倈仔
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	阿仔, 仔
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	阿仔
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	阿仔
	Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)	阿仔
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	倈
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	仔
	Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)	仔
	Boluo (Bendihua)	阿仔
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	倈
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	倈子
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	倈子
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	倈子
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	倈哩
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	倈哩
	Wuhua (Changbu)	倈哩
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	倈哩
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	阿仔
	Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)	仔
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	仔
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	仔
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	仔
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	仔, 阿仔
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	仔
	Qujiang	倈子
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	阿仔
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	仔, 阿仔
	Liannan	倈子
	Conghua (Lütian)	仔
	Jiexi	倈
	Luchuan	子
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	子
	Changting	倈子, 子哩, 子
	Wuping	子哩, 兒子
	Liancheng	子, 倈倈子
	Yudu	子
	Ruijin	子
	Shicheng	崽
	Shangyou	崽, 倈兒
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	倈仔
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	倈仔
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	倈仔
	Dongshi (Dabu)	倈
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	倈仔
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	後生
	Hong Kong	倈子
	Sabah (Bao'an)	倈子
	Sabah (Longchuan)	倈哩
	Senai	倈子
	Singkawang	倈子
Huizhou	Jixi	兒子
	Shexian	兒子, 伢兒
	Tunxi	兒子
	Xiuning	兒子
	Yixian	兒子
	Qimen	兒子
	Wuyuan	兒子, 小倈
	Fuliang	崽
	Dexing	兒子
	Xianyu (formerly Zhanda)	兒子
Jin	Taiyuan	兒子, 小子
	Pingyao	小子
	Xinzhou	兒, 小子
	Hohhot	兒子, 小子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	囝, 囝仔
	Dikou	囝
	Songxi	囝
	Zhenghe	囝
	Zhenqian	囝
	Jianyang	囝
	Wuyishan	囝
	Shibei	囝
Min Dong	Fuzhou	囝, 丈夫囝
	Changle	囝
	Fuqing	囝
	Pingtan	囝
	Yongtai	囝
	Gutian	囝
	Fu'an	囝
	Ningde	囝
	Shouning	囝
	Zhouning	囝
	Fuding	囝
	Matsu	囝
Min Nan	Xiamen	囝, 後生, 後的
	Tong'an	囝, 後生
	Quanzhou	囝, 後生, 囡仔
	Jinjiang	囝
	Nan'an	囝
	Shishi	囝
	Hui'an	囝
	Anxi	囝
	Yongchun	囝
	Dehua	囝
	Zhangzhou	囝, 後生
	Longhai	囝, 後生
	Changtai	後生
	Hua'an	後生, 囝
	Nanjing	後生
	Pinghe	囝
	Zhangpu	囝, 後生
	Yunxiao	後生
	Zhao'an	囝
	Dongshan	囝, 後生
	Taipei	囝, 後生
	Kaohsiung	囝, 後生
	Tainan	囝, 後生
	Taichung	囝, 後生, 後的
	Hsinchu	囝, 後生
	Lukang	囝, 後生
	Sanxia	囝, 後生
	Yilan	囝, 後生
	Kinmen	囝, 後生
	Magong	囝, 後生
	Penang (Hokkien)	囝, 後生
	Singapore (Hokkien)	囝, 後生, 後生囝, 丈夫囝
	Philippines (Manila Hokkien)	囝
	Longyan	後生, 囝
	Zhangping	後生, 囝
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	囝, 後生
	Datian	囝
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	崽
	Chaozhou	囝, 逗囝
	Shantou	囝, 逗囝
	Haifeng	丈夫囝
	Thailand (Bangkok Teochew)	逗囝
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	丈夫囝
	Wenchang	囝, 丈夫囝
	Haikou	囝, 細囝, 孧囝
	Leizhou	囝
Puxian Min	Putian	囝
	Xianyou	囝
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	囝
	Sanxiang	囝
Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	崽
	Guilin (Dahe)	崽
Shehua	Fu'an	仔
	Fuding	仔
	Luoyuan	仔
	Sanming	仔
	Shunchang	仔
	Hua'an	仔
	Guixi	仔
	Cangnan	仔
	Jingning	仔
	Lishui	仔
	Longyou	仔
	Chaozhou	仔
	Fengshun	仔
Wu	Shanghai	兒子
	Suzhou	兒子
	Wuxi	兒子
	Hangzhou	兒子, 伢兒
	Wenzhou	兒
	Chongming	兒子
	Danyang	兒子
	Jinhua	兒, 兒子
	Tangxi	兒
	Ningbo	兒子
Xiang	Changsha	崽伢子, 崽, 伢子
	Shuangfeng	崽, 伢唧
	Xiangtan	崽, 崽伢唧
	Loudi	崽
	Quanzhou	崽

Dialectal synonyms of 嬰兒 (“baby; infant”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		嬰
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		嬰兒, 嬰孩
Mandarin	Beijing	嬰孩兒
	Taiwan	嬰兒, 寶寶
	Luoyang	娃娃
	Wanrong	胎娃
	Xuzhou	小毛娃兒
	Wuhan	毛頭伢, 毛頭, 毛毛伢, 毛毛, 伢伢
	Chengdu	奶娃兒, 奶娃子, 奶娃娃
	Guiyang	嫩娃娃
	Kunming	小每每, 小咕奶兒
	Nanjing	小毛娃, 毛娃, 小寶寶
Cantonese	Guangzhou	蘇蝦仔, 𤘅孲仔, BB仔, 阿蝦, 臊妹
	Hong Kong	蘇蝦仔, 蘇蝦, 𤘅孲仔, BB仔, BB, B, 蝦仔
	Dongguan	蘇蝦仔, BB, BB仔
Gan	Nanchang	毛伢子
	Lichuan	毛伢崽
	Pingxiang	毛毛仔
Hakka	Meixian	孲𤘅仔
	Xingning	孲𤘅哩
	Huidong (Daling)	孲𤘅仔
	Qujiang	孲𤘅子
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	嫩仔
	Changting	孲𤘅子, 赤蝦子
	Pingyu	蝦毛子
	Wuping	孲𤘅子, 赤蝦子
	Liancheng	孲𤘅子
	Yudu	伢人子, 毛伢子
	Ruijin	孲𤘅子, 赤蝦子
	Shicheng	赤伢
	Shangyou	伢毛子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	孲𤘅仔
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	孲𤘅仔
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	孲𤘅, 孲𤘅仔
	Dongshi (Dabu)	孲𤘅
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	孲𤘅仔, 孲𤘅
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	阿佅, 嬰仔
Huizhou	Jixi	細妹
Jin	Taiyuan	小娃娃
	Xinzhou	小娃子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	𤘅仔
Min Dong	Fuzhou	兒囝囝
Min Nan	Xiamen	嬰仔
	Quanzhou	嬰仔
	Zhangzhou	嬰仔, 嬰哥, 紅嬰仔, 紅嬰
	Taipei	嬰仔
	Kaohsiung	紅嬰仔
	Tainan	紅嬰仔
	Taichung	紅嬰仔
	Hsinchu	紅嬰仔
	Lukang	紅嬰仔
	Sanxia	紅嬰
	Yilan	紅嬰仔
	Kinmen	嬰仔
	Philippines (Manila Hokkien)	嬰仔
	Shantou	孥囝
	Haikou	囝, 儂 intimate
	Leizhou	儂
Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	娃娃
Wu	Shanghai	小毛頭, 小小囡, 毛毛頭
	Suzhou	小毛頭, 毛毛頭, 血泡泡
	Hangzhou	小毛頭兒, 小毛頭, 毛頭兒, 毛毛頭
	Wenzhou	娒兒, 娒娒兒
	Chongming	小小囡
	Danyang	小毛毛, 毛毛
	Jinhua	王男
	Ningbo	奶花, 小毛頭, 毛頭奶花, 孲𤘅, 抱手
Xiang	Changsha	毛毛, 毛毛它, 毛它
	Loudi	毛毛唧, 毛毛

Dialectal synonyms of 我 (“I”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		吾, 我, 余, 予, 台, 朕
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		我, 本人 humble, 在下 humble
Mandarin	Beijing	我
	Taiwan	我
	Jinan	我, 俺
	Xi'an	我
	Wuhan	我
	Chengdu	我
	Guilin	我
	Yangzhou	我
	Hefei	我
	Malaysia	我
	Singapore	我
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	我
Cantonese	Guangzhou	我
	Hong Kong	我
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	我
	Macau	我
	Panyu	我
	Huadu (Huashan)	我
	Conghua	我
	Zengcheng	我
	Foshan	我
	Nanhai (Shatou)	我
	Shunde	我
	Sanshui	我
	Gaoming (Mingcheng)	我
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	我
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	我
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	我
	Doumen	我
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	𠊎
	Xinhui	我
	Taishan	我
	Kaiping (Chikan)	我
	Enping (Niujiang)	我
	Heshan (Yayao)	我
	Dongguan	我
	Bao'an (Shajing)	我
	Yangjiang	我
	Nanning	我
	Danzhou	我
	Kuala Lumpur	我
	Singapore	我
Gan	Nanchang	我
Hakka	Meixian	𠊎
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	我
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	𠊎
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	𠊎
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	𠊎
	Wuhua (Meilin)	𠊎
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	𠊎
	Liannan	𠊎
	Conghua (Lütian)	𠊎
	Jiexi	𠊎
	Changting	𠊎
	Wuping	𠊎
	Ninghua	𠊎
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	𠊎
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	𠊎
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	𠊎
	Dongshi (Dabu)	𠊎
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	𠊎
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	𠊎
	Hong Kong	𠊎
Jin	Taiyuan	我
Min Bei	Jian'ou	我
Min Dong	Fuzhou	我, 奴
Min Nan	Xiamen	我, 阮
	Tong'an	我
	Quanzhou	我, 阮
	Zhangzhou	我, 阮
	Taipei	我, 阮
	Kaohsiung	我, 阮
	Tainan	我
	Taichung	我
	Hsinchu	我
	Sanxia	我
	Yilan	我
	Kinmen	我
	Magong	我
	Penang (Hokkien)	我
	Singapore (Hokkien)	我
	Philippines (Manila Hokkien)	我
	Datian	我
	Chaozhou	我
	Shantou	我
	Jieyang	我
	Haifeng	我
	Singapore (Teochew)	我
	Wenchang	我, 儂 polite/humble
Wu	Shanghai	我, 吾, 阿拉
	Suzhou	我, 奴
	Wenzhou	我
	Ningbo	我, 我儂, 像我
Xiang	Changsha	我
	Shuangfeng	我, 卬

Compounds

• 儂兒／侬儿

• 儂囝／侬囝

• 細儂／细侬

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
儂
わし Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Kanji

儂

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: の (no); のう (nō)
• Kan-on: どう (dō)
• Kan’yō-on: のん (non)
• Kun: わし (washi, 儂); かれ (kare, 儂)

Usage notes

This character is seldom used in modern Japanese.

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
儂
わし Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Contraction of 私 (watashi, “I, me”).

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) わし [wàshí] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA^(key): [ɰᵝa̠ɕi]

Alternative forms

• 私 (more common)

Pronoun

儂(わし) • (washi) 

1. (mainly Western Japan) I, me

Usage notes

The term is a regular pronoun in Western Japan, used primarily by men in most regions. Depending on the region, it may be used mainly by the elderly, which is especially true for women using it, and becoming more true as usage of local variants declines in younger generations. Its use is often considered stereotypical of old people in Japanese media and is frequently used in TV shows and comics to emphasize the age of characters. However, it may also simply be used to emphasize the character as hailing from Kansai.

More commonly spelled 私, or in kana to make the reading explicit.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
儂
かれ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Compound of 彼 (ka, “that, yon”) +‎ れ (-re, nominalizing suffix for demonstratives). Found in the Man'yōshū compiled around 759.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) か​れ [káꜜrè] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾe̞]

Alternative forms

• 彼 (more common)

Pronoun

儂(かれ) • (kare) 

1. (rare) third person pronoun: he, she
   1. (especially) male personal third person pronoun: he, him
   2. (by extension) boyfriend

      Synonym: 彼氏

Usage notes

Very rare spelling. See the more common spelling 彼 for more details about the term.

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Korean

Hanja

儂 (eum 농 (nong))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

儂: Hán Nôm readings: nông, nùng, noọng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.