儂
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TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
儂 (radical 9, 人+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 人廿田女 (OTWV), four-corner 25232, composition ⿰亻農)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 118, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1176
- Dae Jaweon: page 251, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 225, character 4
- Unihan data for U+5102
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 儂 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 侬 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Characters in the same phonetic series (農) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 嶩 | *nuː |
| 噥 | *rnuːŋ, *nuːŋ |
| 鬞 | *rnuːŋ, *noŋ |
| 擃 | *rnuːŋʔ |
| 齈 | *noːŋs |
| 癑 | *noːŋs |
| 農 | *nuːŋ |
| 辳 | *nuːŋ |
| 憹 | *nuːŋ |
| 膿 | *nuːŋ |
| 儂 | *nuːŋ |
| 濃 | *noŋ |
| 醲 | *noŋ |
| 襛 | *noŋ, *njoŋ |
| 穠 | *noŋ, *njoŋ |
| 檂 | *noŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *nuːŋ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 農 (OC *nuːŋ).
EtymologyEdit
“Person; I; me > suffix for pronouns” in southeastern dialects.
Its senses of “person; human being” and “pronoun suffix” are well-attested in the classical literature, dating back to the Six Dynasties. At the present time, traces of this word are found in regions of Jiangsu (Northern Wu), Anhui (Hui), Shanghai (Northern Wu), Zhejiang (Southern Wu), Jiangxi (Gan), Fujian (Min), Guangdong (Southern Min, Cantonese), Guangxi (Cantonese) and Hainan (Min).
- “Person; human”
- In coastal Min (Min Dong, Min Nan and Puxian Min), it serves as the vernacular reading of 人 (OC *njin, “person”), by itself or in compounds. It is also used in Jinqu Wu dialects (formerly classified as Wuzhou Wu and Chuqu Wu), usually written as 農.
- “I”
- 儂 was used to mean “I” in medieval poetry from the Wu region, before it was displaced by the common Chinese 我 (MC ŋɑX, “I”). Also attested was ancient Wu 阿儂 (MC ʔɑ nuoŋ, “I”), which was abbreviated to 阿 (“I”) in certain dialects, such as Jinhua.
- “Infant”
- 儂 (nɔŋ²¹) (in the dark departing tone) in Leizhou Min refers to "infant". It may be related to Zhuang nongx (“younger brother”) and Southern Kam nongx (“younger brother and sister”).
- “Pronoun suffix”
- This is widely found in Wu and Min dialects. The structure ‹ singular pronoun (“I, you, he/she/it”) + 儂 › is common, with 儂 functioning either as a meaningless particle or a pluraliser. The resulting forms were thus used to mean singular or plural pronouns, and were rather prone to elision to become a single syllable. Compare the following plural pronouns in Min:
Original word Meaning Fuding
(Eastern Min)Longyan
(Southern Min)Xiamen
(Southern Min)Xianyou
(Puxian Min)我儂 we ua neiŋ gua laŋ gun (阮) kuoŋ ~ kŋ (滾) 儂儂 we (inclusive) - laŋ laŋ lan (咱) - 汝儂 you (plural) ni neiŋ li laŋ lin (恁) tyøŋ (長) 伊儂 they i neiŋ i laŋ in (𪜶) yøŋ (𪜶)
- A similar chain of changes happened in the Wu dialects to arrive at the modern divergent dialectal forms for “you (singular)”. In Shanghai and some other Wu dialects, the first syllable had become elided, leaving 儂 to mean “you (singular)”.
爾儂 (MC ȵiᴇX nuoŋ) Fenghua (Zhejiang) /n̩˧˨˦.noŋˑ/ Yuyao (Zhejiang) /noŋ˩˩˧/ Shanghai (Shanghai) /nʊŋ˨˧/ (儂) Ningbo (Zhejiang) /nəu˨˩˧/ Changshu (Jiangsu) /nɛ̃˧˩/ Suzhou (Jiangsu) /ne̞˧˩/ Shengze (Jiangsu) /nə˧˩/
With regard to the etymology of this word, Huang (1980), Norman (1983) and Zhou (1986) hypothesised that this is the same as 農 (OC *nuːŋ, “farmer; peasant”). The use of this word as a pronoun may have originated as a form of personal deprecation and then come to be used as a full-fledged pronoun. Pan and Chen (1995) considered this theory implausible, and proposed that this was originally a Baiyue substrate word, possibly of Tai-Kadai origin. The initial meaning of nong was possibly a clan name, later developing to mean “person; I”. Compare Zhuang Nungz (“a surname”) and name of the 11th century Zhuang leader Nong Zhigao, as well as the name of the Nùng people in Vietnam.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
儂
- (coastal Min, dialectal Wu) person; human being (Classifier: 隻／只 md; 個／个 mn)
- (coastal Min) a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er
- (coastal Min) physical, psychological or moral quality or condition
- (coastal Min) other people
- (Wu, coastal Min) I; me
- 儂是海南阿哥 老厝置瓊海丹嶺村 [Hainanese, trad.]
- From: 2019, 黃明志 (Namewee) ft. 林俊逸 (Sean Lin), 不到海南島 (Lovely Hainan Island)
- nong3 di5 hhai3 nam2 a1 go1, lao5 su4 ddu5 heng2 hhai3 ddan1 lia3 sui1 [Guangdong Romanization]
- I am Mr. Hainan, who came from Danling village in Qionghai country[sic, meaning county]
侬是海南阿哥 老厝置琼海丹岭村 [Hainanese, simp.]
- (archaic or Wu) you (singular)
- (dialectal Wu) he, him; she, her; it
- (Hainanese, affectionate) A pronoun used by someone in the older generation to refer to someone in the younger generation.
- (Leizhou Min) infant
- (dialectal Cantonese) child
- (Min, Wu) Suffix for pronouns, functioning as a meaningless particle or a pluralising particle.
- A surname. Nong
Usage notesEdit
- (I):
- Archaic in Wu.
- In coastal Min (Min Dong nè̤ng; Hokkien lāng, lǎng, lâng; Hainanese nang2), it is often used affectionately like Mandarin 人家 (rénjia).
- In Hainanese, nong3 used as a humble way for someone in the younger generation to refer to oneself.
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
JapaneseEdit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 儂 |
| わし Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
Usage notesEdit
This character is seldom used in modern Japanese.
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 儂 |
| わし Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
Contraction of 私 (watashi, “I, me”).[1][2]
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- 私 (more common)
PronounEdit
Usage notesEdit
The term is a regular pronoun in Western Japan, used primarily by men in most regions. Depending on the region, it may be used mainly by the elderly, which is especially true for women using it, and becoming more true as usage of local variants declines in younger generations. Its use is often considered stereotypical of old people in Japanese media and is frequently used in TV shows and comics to emphasize the age of characters. However, it may also simply be used to emphasize the character as hailing from Kansai.
More commonly spelled 私, or in kana to make the reading explicit.
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 儂 |
| かれ Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Compound of 彼 (ka, “that, yon”) + れ (-re, nominalizing suffix for demonstratives). Found in the Man'yōshū compiled around 759.
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- 彼 (more common)
PronounEdit
Usage notesEdit
Very rare spelling. See the more common spelling 彼 for more details about the term.
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
儂 • (nong) (hangeul 농, revised nong, McCune–Reischauer nong)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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