Wiktionary

六

See also: 大, 穴, and 冘
六 U+516D, 六
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-516D
← 公
[U+516C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 兮 →
[U+516E]
㈥ U+3225, ㈥
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH SIX
← ㈤
[U+3224] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㈦ →
[U+3226]
㊅ U+3285, ㊅
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH SIX
← ㊄
[U+3284] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊆ →
[U+3286]
六 U+F9D1, 六
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9D1
← 類
[U+F9D0] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 戮 →
[U+F9D2]
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Commons:Category
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Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

六 (Kangxi radical 12, 八+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 卜金 (YC), four-corner 00800, composition ⿱亠八)

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 127, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1453
  • Dae Jaweon: page 280, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 241, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+516D

Chinese edit

 
The number six in Chinese number gestures

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 六
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
               
Oracle bone script
 

j29782

 

j29783

 

j29784

 

j29785

 

j29786

 

j29787

 

j29788

 

j29789

 

j29790

 

j29791

 

j29792

 

j29793

 

j29794

 

j29795

 

j29796

 

j29797

 

j29798

 

j29799

 

j29800

 

j29801

 

j29802

 

j29803

 

j29804

 

j29805

 

j29806

 

j29807

 

j29808

 

j29809

 

j29810

 

j29811

Bronze inscriptions
 

b19884

 

b19885

 

b19886

 

b19887

 

b19888

 

b19889

 

b19890

 

b19891

 

b19892

 

b19893

 

b19894

 

b19895

 

b19896

 

b19897

 

b19898

 

b19899

 

b19900

 

b19901

 

b19902

 

b19903

 

b19904

 

b19905

 

b19906

 

b19907

 

b19908

Small seal script
 

s10921

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L37442

 

L37443

 

L37444

 

L25250

 

L25251

 

L25252

 

L25253

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (六) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
六 *ruɡ
圥 *ruɡ

Pictogram (象形) – perhaps a shed. Originally using the similar-sounding word 廬 (OC *ra, “shed, cabin”) to represent the concept “six” (Liu Xinglong). Alternatively, it may be an ancient counting symbol.

Etymology 1 edit

simp. and trad.
 六
alternative forms 陸／陆 financial
𠫪

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-k-ruk (“six”).

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • Cantonese
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • la̍k - vernacular;
    • lio̍k - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 六
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 東 (4)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 力竹切
    Baxter ljuwk
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/lɨuk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/liuk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/liuk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/luwk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/liuk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/lĭuk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/li̯uk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		lù
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		luk6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 六
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		liù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ljuwk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*k.ruk/
    English six

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 六
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 8341
    Phonetic
    component         		六
    Rime
    group         		覺
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		六
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ruɡ/

    Definitions edit

    六

    1. six
      六城  ―  liù chéng  ―  Six Cities (a literal translation of Altishahr, an ancient name for the region Xinjiang/East Turkestan)
    2. (printing) small text; The size of type between 小五 (xiǎowǔ, “little 5”) and 小六 (xiǎoliù, “little 6”), standardized as 7½ point.
    3. (dialectal) proficient
    4. (neologism, Internet slang) awesome; excellent; remarkable
    5. a surname. (pronounced Lù)
    6. name of an ancient state (pronounced Lù), also found in placenames (e.g., 六安 (Lù'ān) Lu'an, Anhui, China)

    See also edit

    Chinese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
    Normal
    (小寫／小写)     		〇, 零 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万
    十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)     		億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
    萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
    Financial
    (大寫／大写)     		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

    Compounds edit

    Descendants edit

    Sino-Xenic (六):
    • → Japanese: 六(ろく) (roku)
    • → Korean: 육/륙(六) (yuk/ryuk)
    • → Vietnamese: lục (六)

    Others:

    Etymology 2 edit

    simp. and trad.
    		 六

    Pronunciation edit

    Definitions edit

    六

    1. (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note sol (5).
    2. (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note sol (5).

    Derived terms edit

    References edit

    Japanese edit

    Japanese cardinal numbers
     <  5 6 7  > 
        Cardinal : 六

    Kanji edit

    六

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. six

    Readings edit

    Compounds edit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    六
    む
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    The ablaut form of 三 (mi, “three”), which it doubles. From Old Japanese 六 (mu), from Proto-Japonic *mu.

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    六(む) • (mu) 

    1. six
    Derived terms edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term
    六
    ろく
    Grade: 1
    goon
    Alternative spelling
    陸 ("used, in, law, contexts")

    From Middle Chinese 六 (MC ljuwk). Compare modern Cantonese reading luk6.

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    六(ろく) • (roku) 

    1. six
    2. the sixth hole of a wind instrument
    Coordinate terms edit
    Japanese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
    Regular 零(れい) (rei)
    零(ゼロ) (zero)     		一(いち) (ichi) 二(に) (ni) 三(さん) (san) 四(よん) (yon)
    四(し) (shi)     		五(ご) (go) 六(ろく) (roku) 七(なな) (nana)
    七(しち) (shichi)     		八(はち) (hachi) 九(きゅう) (kyū)
    九(く) (ku)     		十(じゅう) (jū)
    Formal 壱(いち) (ichi) 弐(に) (ni) 参(さん) (san) 拾(じゅう) (jū)
    90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
    Regular 九(きゅう)十(じゅう) (kyūjū) 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
    一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)     		三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku) 六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku) 千(せん) (sen)
    一(いっ)千(せん) (issen)     		三(さん)千(ぜん) (sanzen) 八(はっ)千(せん) (hassen) 一(いち)万(まん) (ichiman) 一(いち)億(おく) (ichioku)
    Formal 一(いち)萬(まん) (ichiman)
    1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
    一(いっ)兆(ちょう) (itchō) 八(はっ)兆(ちょう) (hatchō) 十(じゅっ)兆(ちょう) (jutchō) 一(いっ)京(けい) (ikkei) 六(ろっ)京(けい) (rokkei) 八(はっ)京(けい) (hakkei) 十(じゅっ)京(けい) (jukkei) 百(ひゃっ)京(けい) (hyakkei)

    References edit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Korean numbers (edit)
    60
     ←  5 6 7  → 
        Native isol.: 여섯 (yeoseot)
        Native attr.: 여섯 (yeoseot), (archaic) 엿 (yeot)
        Sino-Korean: 육 (yuk), 륙 (ryuk)
        Hanja: 六
        Ordinal: 여섯째 (yeoseotjjae)

    Etymology edit

    From Middle Chinese 六 (MC ljuwk).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 륙〮 (Yale: lyúk)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 여슷〮 (Yale: yèsús) 륙〮 (Yale: lyúk)

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    六 (eumhun 여섯 륙 (yeoseot ryuk), South Korea 여섯 육 (yeoseot yuk))

    1. Hanja form? of 륙/육 (“six”).

    Compounds edit

    Compounds

    References edit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    六: Hán Việt readings: lục[1][2][3], lúc (力(lực)竹(trúc)切(thiết))[1]
    六: Nôm readings: lúc[1][2][3][4], lục[1][2][3], lóc[1], trọc[1], lộc[3], lụt[3]

    1. chữ Hán form of lục (“six”).

    Derived terms edit

    Derived terms

    References edit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Trần (2004).
    4. ^ Hồ (1976).
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