匠

匠 U+5320, 匠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5320 ← 匟 [U+531F] CJK Unified Ideographs 匡 → [U+5321]

Translingual

Han character

匠 (radical 22, 匚+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 尸竹一中 (SHML), four-corner 7171₂, composition ⿷匚斤)

References

• KangXi: page 153, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2605
• Dae Jaweon: page 345, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 83, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5320

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		匠
alternative forms		匞

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 匠
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (匚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
匚	*paŋ
匠	*sbaŋs

Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).

In more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).

Etymology

Several etymologies have been proposed:

• Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
• Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).
• Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): jiàng (jiang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): jiang⁴

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siong
• Jin (Wiktionary): jion³
• Min Bei (KCR): tiōng
• Min Dong (BUC): chióng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhiūⁿ / chhiōⁿ / chhiǔⁿ / chhiōng / chhiāng / chiōng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ciên⁷ / cion⁷ / ziang⁶

• Xiang (Wiktionary): zian⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: jiàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˋ
    • Wade–Giles: chiang4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianq
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjɑŋ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: jiang⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zoeng⁶
    • Yale: jeuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: zêng⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ʃœ̽ːŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siong
    • Hakka Romanization System: xiong
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xiong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ɕi̯oŋ⁵⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: jion³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tiōng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chióng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiūⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshiūnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chviu
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /t͡ɕʰiũ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiũ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiũ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiōⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshiōnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chvioi
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɔ̃²²/
  • (Hokkien: Lukang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiǔⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshiǔnn
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiōng
    • Tâi-lô: tshiōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiong
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiāng
    • Tâi-lô: tshiāng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiang
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiaŋ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiōng
    • Tâi-lô: tsiōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciong
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴¹/

Note:

• chhiūⁿ/chhiōⁿ - vernacular;
• chhiōng/chhiāng/chiōng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ciên⁷ / cion⁷ / ziang⁶
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiēⁿ / tshiōⁿ / tsiăng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/, /t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/, /t͡siaŋ³⁵/

Note:

• ciên7/cion7 - vernacular (ciên7 - Chaozhou);
• ziang6 - literary.

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: zian⁵
  • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /t͡siæn²¹/
  • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡ɕiæn²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /d͡zɨɐŋ^H/

Rime
Character	匠
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	疾亮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɨɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ziɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ziɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɨaŋH/
Li Rong	/d͡ziaŋH/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭaŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi̯aŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàng

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.baŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sbaŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	匠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzjangH ›
Old Chinese	/*s.baŋ-s/
English	craftsman
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	匠
Reading #	1/1
No.	6268
Phonetic component	匚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	匠
Old Chinese	/*sbaŋs/

Definitions

匠

1. craftsman; artisan; workman
2. master

Compounds

Derived terms from 匠

• 一代宗匠
• 丁匠
• 別具匠心／别具匠心
• 剃頭匠／剃头匠
• 劣匠
• 匠人 (jiàngrén)
• 匠伯
• 匠作
• 匠師／匠师
• 匠心 (jiàngxīn)
• 匠心獨具／匠心独具
• 匠心獨運／匠心独运
• 匠意
• 匠成
• 匠戶／匠户
• 匠氏
• 匠氣／匠气 (jiàngqì)
• 匠石 (jiàngshí)
• 匠石斫鼻
• 匠石運斤／匠石运斤
• 另具匠心
• 哲匠
• 大匠
• 大匠不斲
• 字匠
• 宗匠 (zōngjiàng)

• 將作大匠／将作大匠
• 將匠／将匠
• 小爐兒匠／小炉儿匠
• 工匠 (gōngjiàng)
• 巧匠 (qiǎojiàng)
• 巨匠 (jùjiàng)
• 弓匠
• 心匠
• 意匠 (yìjiàng)
• 打鐵匠／打铁匠
• 把式匠
• 接骨匠
• 摟包兒匠／搂包儿匠
• 教書匠／教书匠 (jiāoshūjiàng)
• 木匠 (mùjiàng)
• 木匠戴枷
• 桶匠
• 梓匠
• 梓匠輪輿／梓匠轮舆
• 棚匠
• 機匠／机匠
• 毛毛匠
• 油漆匠
• 泥水匠 (níshuǐjiàng)
• 泥瓦匠 (níwǎjiàng)
• 漆匠

• 獨具匠心／独具匠心
• 理髮匠／理发匠
• 瓦匠 (wǎjiàng)
• 畫匠／画匠 (huàjiàng)
• 皮匠 (píjiàng)
• 石匠 (shíjiang)
• 篾匠 (mièjiàng)
• 繡匠／绣匠
• 能工巧匠
• 臭皮匠 (chòupíjiàng)
• 良匠 (liángjiàng)
• 花匠 (huājiàng)
• 裱糊匠
• 解匠
• 郢匠
• 郢匠揮斤／郢匠挥斤
• 都料匠
• 醫匠／医匠
• 針筆匠／针笔匠
• 銀匠／银匠
• 銅匠／铜匠 (tóngjiàng)
• 錫匠／锡匠 (xījiàng)
• 鎖匠／锁匠 (suǒjiàng)
• 鐵匠／铁匠 (tiějiàng)
• 雕刻匠
• 鞋匠 (xiéjiàng)

Descendants

• → Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ (“artisan”)
• → Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)

References

• “匠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00420

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Japanese

Kanji

匠

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ぞう (zō)^{←ざう (zau, historical)}
• Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
• Kun: たくみ (takumi, 匠)

Compounds

• 師(し)匠(しょう) (shishō)

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) たくみ [tàkúmí] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) た​くみ [táꜜkùmì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ta̠kɯ̟ᵝmʲi]

Noun

匠(たくみ) • (takumi) 

1. artisan, workman, carpenter

Alternative forms

• しょう (shō)

Proper noun

匠(たくみ) • (Takumi) 

1. A male given name

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 匠 (MC d͡zɨɐŋ^H). Recorded as Middle Korean 쟈ᇰ〯 (Yale: cyang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

匠 (eumhun 장인 장 (jang-in jang))

1. Hanja form^? of 장 (“craftsman, artisan”).

   Synonym: 工 (공 (gong))

Compounds

Compounds

• 공장 (工匠, gongjang, “craftsman”)
• 장인 (匠人, jang-in, “craftsman; artisan”)
• 거장 (巨匠, geojang, “master, virtuoso”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

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Vietnamese

Han character

匠: Hán Nôm readings: tượng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.