千秋

See also: 韆鞦

Chinese edit

Etymology 1 edit

	thousand	autumn; fall; harvest time autumn; fall; harvest time; a swing
trad. (千秋)	千	秋
simp. ^#(千秋)	千	秋
anagram	秋千
Literally: “a thousand autumns/years”.

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiānqiū

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢㄑㄧㄡ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cin¹ cau¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhian-chhiu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiānqiū
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢㄑㄧㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cianciou
  - Wade–Giles: chʻien¹-chʻiu¹
  - Yale: chyān-chyōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chianchiou
  - Palladius: цяньцю (cjanʹcju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cin¹ cau¹
  - Yale: chīn chāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsin¹ tsau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: qin¹ ceo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    千秋
    韆鞦／千秋
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhian-chhiu
  - Tâi-lô: tshian-tshiu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chienchiw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɛn³³ t͡sʰiu³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: tshen tshjuw

Rime
Character	千	秋
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	蒼先切	七由切
Baxter	tshen	tshjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰen/	/t͡sʰɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰen/	/t͡sʰiu/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɛn/	/t͡sʰiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰɛn/	/t͡sʰuw/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰen/	/t͡sʰiu/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰien/	/t͡sʰĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰien/	/t͡sʰi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiān	qiū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cin¹	cau¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.n̥ˤi[ŋ] tsʰiw/

(Zhengzhang): /*sn̥ʰiːn sʰɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	千	秋
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiān	qiū
Middle Chinese	‹ tshen ›	‹ tshjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*s.n̥ˁi[ŋ]/	/*tsʰiw/
English	thousand	autumn; crop
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	千	秋
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	10792	10537
Phonetic component	人	秋
Rime group	眞	幽
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	千	秋
Old Chinese	/*sn̥ʰiːn/	/*sʰɯw/
Notes	小徐人聲，甲文乃借人加一

Noun edit

千秋

thousand years; millennium; (figurative) a very long time
(honorific) birthday (of an elderly person)
strength; advantage

Synonyms edit

(thousand years):

千年 (qiānnián)
千春 (qiānchūn) (literary)
千紀／千纪 (qiānjì)

(birthday):

千春 (qiānchūn) (literary, of an elderly person)
壽誕／寿诞 (shòudàn) (of an elderly person)
壽辰／寿辰 (shòuchén) (of an elderly person)
生日 (shēngrì)
生朝 (shēngzhāo) (literary)
生辰 (shēngchén) (literary)
誕辰／诞辰 (dànchén) (honorific)
賤降／贱降 (jiànjiàng) (literary, humble)

(strength):

優點／优点 (yōudiǎn)
專業／专业 (zhuānyè)
專長／专长 (zhuāncháng)
所長／所长 (suǒcháng)
特長／特长 (tècháng)
長處／长处 (chángchù)

Antonyms edit

(antonym(s) of "strength"):

弊害 (bìhài)
弊病 (bìbìng)
弊端 (bìduān)
欠缺 (qiànquē)
毛病 (máobìng)
短處／短处 (duǎnchu)
缺失 (quēshī)
缺欠 (quēqiàn)
缺陷 (quēxiàn)
缺點／缺点 (quēdiǎn)
陷 (xiàn) (literary, or in compounds)

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 千秋 – see 韆鞦 (“swing”). (This term is the simplified form of 韆鞦).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese edit

Pronunciation 1 edit

Kanji in this term
千	秋
せん Grade: 1	しゅう Grade: 2
on’yomi

(Tokyo) せんしゅう [sèńshúú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [sẽ̞ɰ̃ɕɨᵝː]

Noun edit

千(せん)秋(しゅう) • (senshū) ^{←せんしう (sensiu)^?}

a thousand years; long years
Short for 千秋万歳 (senshū banzei).

Pronunciation 2 edit

Kanji in this term
千	秋
ち Grade: 1	あき Grade: 2
kun’yomi

IPA^(key): [t͡ɕia̠kʲi]

Proper noun edit

千(ち)秋(あき) • (Chiaki)

a male or female given name

References edit

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja in this term
千	秋

Noun edit

千秋 • (cheonchu) (hangeul 천추)

Hanja form^? of 천추.

Vietnamese edit

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
千	秋

Noun edit

千秋

chữ Hán form of thiên thu.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[SMK5-3] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

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