叩

叩 U+53E9, 叩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53E9 ← 叨 [U+53E8] CJK Unified Ideographs 只 → [U+53EA]

Translingual

Han character

叩 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 口尸中 (RSL), four-corner 6702₀, composition ⿰口卩)

Derived characters

• 命

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 172, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3238
• Dae Jaweon: page 382, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 573, character 3
• Unihan data for U+53E9

Chinese

simp. and trad.		叩
alternative forms		敂 扣

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (口) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
口	*kʰoːʔ
叩	*kʰoːʔ
扣	*kʰoːʔ, *kʰoːs
釦	*kʰoːʔ
筘	*kʰoːs

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kòu (kou⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kau³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khàu / khiò
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵kheu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kòu
    • Wade–Giles: kʻou⁴
    • Yale: kòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kow
    • Palladius: коу (kou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰoʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: kau³
    • Yale: kau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: keo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐu̯³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khàu / khiò
    • Tâi-lô: khàu / khiò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qaux, qioix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰau²¹/, /kʰio²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰau⁴¹/, /kʰio⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰau²¹/, /kʰio²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰau¹¹/, /kʰio¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰau²¹/, /kʰiɤ²¹/

Note: khàu - vernacular, khiò - literary.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵kheu
    • MiniDict: kheu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²kheu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰɤ³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: khuwX

Rime
Character	叩
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦后切
Baxter	khuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰəuX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəuX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəwX/
Li Rong	/kʰuX/
Wang Li	/kʰəuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hau2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤ(r)oʔ/, /*kʰˤ(r)oʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	叩	叩
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kǒu	kòu
Middle Chinese	‹ khuwX ›	‹ khuwH ›
Old Chinese	/*kʰˁ(r)oʔ/	/*kʰˁ(r)oʔ-s/
English	strike	strike (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	叩
Reading #	1/1
No.	7491
Phonetic component	口
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	口
Old Chinese	/*kʰoːʔ/

Definitions

叩

1. to knock; to strike
2. to kowtow; to bow
3. (literary) to enquire; to ask
4. Alternative form of 扣 (kòu, “to hold; to restrain”)
5. a surname

Compounds

• 三跪九叩 (sānguìjiǔkòu)
• 以莛叩鐘／以莛叩钟
• 叩人心弦
• 叩叩
• 叩應／叩应 (kòuyìng)
• 叩拜 (kòubài)
• 叩見／叩见
• 叩謝／叩谢 (kòuxiè)
• 叩門／叩门 (kòumén)
• 叩閽／叩阍
• 叩關／叩关
• 叩頭／叩头 (kòutóu)
• 叩頭蟲／叩头虫 (kòutóuchóng)
• 叩首 (kòushǒu)
• 叩馬／叩马
• 叩齒／叩齿
• 瀝血叩心／沥血叩心
• 稟叩／禀叩
• 線上叩應／线上叩应
• 號天叩地／号天叩地

 

References

• (Min Nan) “Entry #1409”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

叩

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. to knock; to strike

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)^{←く (ku, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←こう (kou, historical)}
• Kun: たたく (tataku, 叩く)

Compounds

• 叩(こう)解(かい) (kōkai)
• 叩(こう)首(しゅ) (kōshu)
• 叩(こう)打(だ) (kōda)
• 叩(こう)頭(とう) (kōtō)
• 叩(こう)扉(ひ) (kōhi)

 

Korean

Hanja

叩 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Miyako

Kanji

叩

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• Kun: たたきぃ (tataksï, 叩きぃ)

Okinawan

Kanji

叩

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• Kun: たたちゅん (tatachun, 叩ちゅん)

Vietnamese

Han character

叩: Hán Nôm readings: khấu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yaeyama

Kanji

叩

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• Kun: たたぐん (tatagun, 叩ぐん)